This essay provides an overview of adult sexual health, focusing on the rights associated with sexual health and the key concepts that define it. It highlights international sexual health issues, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as HIV, reproductive tract infections (RTIs), and the adverse outcomes they can lead to, such as cancer, infertility, unintended pregnancies, and sexual dysfunction. The essay also addresses the critical issue of sexual violence as a major cause of sexual health problems. The discussion emphasizes the importance of physical, emotional, and social well-being in relation to sexuality, advocating for respect, safety, and freedom from discrimination and violence in sexual health matters. The essay concludes by underscoring that sexual health is not merely the absence of disease but depends on the fulfillment of certain human rights.