Advanced Practice: Neuman Model Characteristics and Application

This assignment analyzes the Neuman Systems Model, focusing on its characteristics and application in advanced nursing practice. The solution details twelve key characteristics, emphasizing the human being as an open system, the dynamic nature of the health system, and the impact of stressors. It explores preventive care, continuity of care, and the flexible line of defense. The assignment also covers intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal factors, holistic care through detailed assessment, and the line of resistance. Furthermore, it highlights the five-stage assessment process, the three types of nursing interventions (primary, secondary, and tertiary), and the importance of tailored interventions based on client needs and goals. The solution includes references to support the analysis.

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Template for Models of Practice Assignment
Model Characteristics for the
Neuman Model
Application to Your Advanced Practice
Role
Characteristic 1: Human being is an open
system and human health is dependent on
environmental factors that are not
consistent.
There is no one-size-fits-all intervention
strategy due to the specific stressors and
associated needs of individuals. Nurses
need to review all the environmental
stressors and educate patients to develop
protective strategies to promote wellness
based on the emergent risk factors. Review
of all possible environmental factors
ensures that clients give equal importance
to all the stressor factors (Gonzalo, 2019).
Characteristic 2: The health system is a
dynamic structure consisting of interrelated
segments with the human being at the
center of successive rings.
Provision of health should be tailored to
addressing the known domains/variables of
health: socio-cultural, physical, spiritual,
psychological, and developmental (Bademli
& Duman, 2017). These five domains are
interconnected and one intervention can be
used as a solution to more than one health
domain/variable.
Characteristic 3: Stressors disrupt the
balance of the healthcare system.
Preventive care is the foundation of good
health; health, preventive care strategies
should be given as much importance as
curative aspects. In the case of caregivers
for an individual with mental illness,
education and frequent follow-ups helps to
provide the needed support to the caregiver
so that he or she does not develop health
problems due to distress.
Characteristic 4: Continuity of care outside
a healthcare facility is facilitated by a care
giver.
Nursing interventions should help
caregivers to develop effective coping and
caring strategies.
Characteristics 5: The flexible line of
defense acts as a buffer system that either
increases or lowers protection of a client.
Health promotion activities are an ideal
way through which nurses can help
individuals to determine the state of their
flexible line of defense. After all, nursing
should aim reduce the role of harmful
stressors and expand the flexible line of
defense through promotion of factors that
promote good health and wellness (Fawcett
& Desanto-Madeya, 2013).
Characteristic 6: Intrapersonal,
interpersonal, and extrapersonal factors
mediate the penetration of the flexible line
of defense.
Provision of continued support to a client
while addressing the five variables of health
is meant to help him or her to deal with his
or her stressors effectively and maintain

NEUMAN MODEL
good holistic health (Jukes & Spencer,
2007).
Characteristic 7: Holistic care is possible
when a detailed assessment helps to identify
patient needs.
Effective communication is important when
assessing patient needs because it
determines the levels of patient-
centeredness through which patients get
involved in their care process and aid in the
provision of relevant, effective, and
adaptable health care (Jukes & Spencer,
2007).
Characteristic 8: The line of resistance is based
on the amount of internal energy that helps the
client system to react.
Clients need to be empowered on the concept of
symptomatology to avoid seeking healthcare
help when a stressor has caused much damage
(Gonzalo, 2019). Advocacy on early
intervention helps to increase the efficacy of
nurse prevention.
Characteristic 9: The Neuman model advocates
for a five-stage assessment process.
A patient-centered approach helps to address
all the spheres that determine health from the
perspective of the nurse, patient, and caregiver.
The perceptions of these three entities should be
addressed by use of evidence-based practice.
However, intervention plans should be agreed
upon by the client to promote adherence; hence,
integrating personal factors is necessary, to
some extent, as it determines the success of an
intervention (Petiprin, 2016).
Characteristic 10: There are three types of
nursing interventions that are engrained in
prevention modalities.
Primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention are
applied as guided by assessment results.
Primary prevention remains the best
intervention as it helps to maintain the normal
life of defense and avoid worsening of health
states in the application of the other two types
of prevention interventions (Ahmadi & Sadeghi,
2017).
Characteristic 11: Nursing interventions are
tailored to the nursing goals.
A patient-centered approach helps to provide
holistic care whose goals are based on the types
of stressors across the five health domains. The
three types of interventions can be provided
simultaneously depending on the needs,
stressors, and health domains involved, as
directed by Ahmadi and Sadeghi (2017).
Characteristic 12: Interventions tailored to
client needs and goal reformulation in the case
of non-attainment.
Interventions are specific to the health domains
which fall into either of the three stressors:
intrapersonal, interpersonal, and extrapersonal.

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References
Ahmadi, Z., & Sadeghi, T. (2017). Application of the Betty Neuman systems model in the
nursing care of patients/clients with multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis journal -
experimental, translational and clinical, 3(3), 2055217317726798. Doi:
10.1177/2055217317726798.
Bademli, K., & Duman, Z. C. (2017). Conceptual Framework for Nurses in the Use of the
Neuman Systems Model on Caregivers of People Suffering by Schizophrenia.
International Archives of Nursing and Health Care, 3(3). Doi.org/10.23937/2469-
5823/1510079.
Fawcett, J., & Desanto-Madeya, S. (2013). Contemporary Nursing Knowledge: Analysis and
Evaluation of Nursing Models and Theories. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
Gonzalo, A. (2019). Betty Neuman: Neuman Systems Model. Retrieved from
https://nurseslabs.com/betty-neuman-systems-model-nursing-theory/.
Jukes, M., & Spencer, P. (2007). Neuman’s Systems Model. In M. Jukes & J. Aldridge
(Eds.), Person-Centered Practices: A Holistic and Integrated Approach. London:
Quay Books.
Petiprin, A. (2016). Neuman’s Systems Model. Retrieved from https://nursing-
theory.org/theories-and-models/neuman-systems-model.php.