Wireless Charging for Electric Cars: Advantages and Disadvantages

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of wireless charging technology for electric cars. It begins with an overview of the increasing need for renewable energy sources and the shift towards electric vehicles. The report delves into the concept of wireless charging, explaining its advantages such as flexibility and convenience, and disadvantages like the limited infrastructure. It explores the research design, including qualitative and quantitative aspects, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of wireless charging systems, including cost-effectiveness and efficiency. The study also examines key ethical issues, processes, and considerations needed for the implementation of this technology. The report concludes by highlighting the potential of wireless charging to revolutionize the electric vehicle industry and promote sustainable transportation, with references and figures illustrating key concepts and technologies.

Running head: RESEARCH METHODS
Research methods
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note:

2
RESEARCH METHODS
Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................4
Introduction......................................................................................................................................5
Literature Review............................................................................................................................5
Overview..........................................................................................................................................5
Conceptual Framework....................................................................................................................6
Figure 1- Conceptual Framework....................................................................................................6
Definition of Wireless Charging Facilities......................................................................................7
Critical Analysis..............................................................................................................................8
Advantages and Disadvantages.....................................................................................................10
Research Design............................................................................................................................11
Research Questions........................................................................................................................11
Qualitative Research......................................................................................................................12
Quantitative Research....................................................................................................................13
Sample size....................................................................................................................................13
Research Limitations.....................................................................................................................14
Design Questions...........................................................................................................................15
Experimental and correlation designs............................................................................................16
Strengths and Weakness................................................................................................................16

3
RESEARCH METHODS
Key Ethical Issues..........................................................................................................................17
Processes and considerations needed.............................................................................................19
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................19
References......................................................................................................................................20
Appendix........................................................................................................................................23
Figure 1- Inductive Charging Technologies..................................................................................23
Figure 2- Electric Car Technology Model.....................................................................................23
Figure 3- Increased Use of Electric Vehicles................................................................................24

4
RESEARCH METHODS
Abstract
The topic of the following research is Battery and wireless charging for cars. The researcher has
chosen quite an uncommon topic that deals with one of the latest technologies involving the
revolutionizing the transport sector of the world by promoting green forms of energy and
reducing the use of oil and also curbing the pollution level. As mentioned earlier the research is
important as because very few researchers have earlier ventured into such a research and thus the
research that has been conducted stands out to be one of the sought after by any researchers who
would be undertaking a similar research. The research has been conducted mainly on a
qualitative environment but some quantitative factors were also involved during the conduction
of the research. The researcher has conducted the research ethically and was honest and effective
in every single approach of the research. After a thorough analysis of the research it was seen
that the potential aims and objectives of the research were met. The readers after going through
the research in detail can help them learn a great deal about wireless electric car charging
technology, renewable energy sources and many more as such. As a result it can be
recommended that the research is very useful and a successful piece of work by the researcher.

5
RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction
The following research is based on the analysis of the environment and the batteries and
wireless charging for the electric cars. Modern day technologies have played a significant role in
changing the global business environment. The main aim of this research is to get an idea about
wireless technology that is used to charge the batteries of Electric cars. The researcher has
provided the different researches and the inductive battery concept in the following research. The
research of Fraunhofer IWES has been mainly discussed in the literary part of the research. The
inclusion of all the elements has thus proved out to be really helpful to make the research
competitive and flawless.
Literature Review
Overview
In this particular section of the report the researcher has in details reviewed and explained
the details regarding the use of wireless technology in cars in the future. The gradual decrease in
the amount of global oil production and decreasing level of oil globally has led to the serious
considerations for searching out renewable energy sources to drive the future generation. Oil is
the largest contributor of energy at present as all Air Transport and road transport is heavily
dependent on oil. As of now electricity has been one of the main alternatives that can have a
large impact once oil is totally exhausted (Wildemuth 2016). Electric cars have now become a
reality and a number of globally reputed companies have started to produce electric hybrid cars
and are rechargeable. However the researcher has concentrated his efforts on wireless charging
for electric cars which will surely be a break taking ground for future transportation. The

6
WIRELESS CHARGING FOR CARS
RESEARCH DESIGN ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
RESEARCH METHODS
researcher has discussed in detail about all the different elements of the following research and
thus has been able to make the project effective and flawless in nature.
Conceptual Framework
Figure 1- Conceptual Framework
Source- (As created by the author)
The relatively small number of charging stations and absence of dedicated corridors for
the transportation of the electric cars renders the wireless electric charging of the cars useless and
not feasible. However the faster adoption of the electric vehicles has sped up the process of
building the infrastructure needed for wireless charging. The main challenge of building these
electric charging stations across the roads and highways though seems easier is not as easy as it
seems as because the electric charging system must be linked with the electric grid of that

7
RESEARCH METHODS
particular area to facilitate better charging. The demand for the vehicles has been gradually
increasing as experts have warned about the possible end of the car industry run on oil by the
year 2040. According to De Vaus 2013, location theory addresses questions of what economic
activities such as EV charging stations should be located where and why. This theory is rooted in
microeconomics, which studies the behavior of individual and firms in making decisions
regarding the allocation of limited resources. Organizations such as developers of the technology
charging stations/utility companies should choose locations that increase their profits and
maximize the benefits to the grid. As for the EV drivers/owners, they should choose locations
that maximize their utility (obtain the highest possible level of satisfaction) according to the
theory.
Definition of Wireless Charging Facilities
The rising levels of pollution and the ever increasing pressure on the non renewable
sources of energy has pushed the global population towards a paradigm shift and has opted for
renewable sources of energy like electricity obtained from wind power and solar energy. As
mentioned earlier a lot of giant automobile makers are producing electric cars that are believed to
be the next generation of automobiles. However electric vehicles have a high level of flexibility
and charging these is a very difficult task. The cars have high battery storage to make sure that
there is enough charge for operating the car for a long distance. However the wireless charging
system is an alternate to the wired charge system and its capacity is very much lower than that of
the traditional wired charging (De Vaus 2013). The internal combustion engine of the car is
efficient enough to go a long way. The battery is very expensive but its uses can go a long way.
It is believed to be cost effective for vehicles that run on gasoline and the vehicles that use
energy. The researchers are experimenting on further advanced technologies to remove the

8
RESEARCH METHODS
glitches of the previous technologies and make wireless the future for electric cars (Campbell,
Donald and Julian 2015).
Critical Analysis
Wireless charging for the electric cars to not only charges the cars that run on electric but
they also make sure to feed back energy into the power grid in which the system works (Li, Siqi
and Chunting Chris 2015). The cost effective charging system is capable of achieving Ahigh
degree of efficiency that ranges from a minimum of 400 watts to 3.6 kilowatts. Researchers at
the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology IWES have invented a
cost-effective technology for running such innovative charging systems. "We deliberately use
standard components that are already available on the mass market," explains Marco Jung, who
is the deputy head of the converter technology department at the mentioned institute. Apart from
this the researchers of the following institute takes the help of the coil systems that are in need of
a least number of Ferrie sheets. The sheets that are used are needed to control as well as protect
the magnetic field that is created while the charging process goes on. The total system is a bit
expensive because of the amount of coils and weight that is used in the technology (Sabki,
Syamil and Nadia 2014).
One of the main advantages of the following system is the special design of the coil and
the power electronics which implies about the efficient working of the system when the car is
more or less 20 centimeters away from the road. "Even with an air gap of 20 centimeters, we
achieve an efficiency of between 93 and 95 percent – and do so across the entire power range,
from 400 watts to 3.6 kilowatts," some of the systems can be compared to the the kind of
efficiency for very short distances which limits the system’s uses for cars that have a lartge

9
RESEARCH METHODS
ground clearance. On the other hand the coils that are built in the road and the lower part in the
body of the car, the charging system is carried out in the vehicle itself by means of the
connections used for various purposes. The designing has been done in such a way that it
provides flexibility to the drivers of the particular vehicle. Apart from providing inductive
charging it has one phase and three phase power connection because of the multi functional
concept of the technology (Aral, Sinan and Dylan 2014).
The system is also able to discharge the battery of the car apart from charging it. Some
other advantages include the stabilization of the general power grid. There are particular days
when the sun shines bright and thus helping the photovoltaic cells and the wind turbines to
provide more energy than the normal level. However supply of a large amount of electricity may
be harmful for the following system and may damage the electrical devices. Thus to avoid such
complications the grid operators control the amount of energy that is received on such days
(Musavi, Fariborz and Wilson 2014). But if the car batteries were used as a substitute the extra
electricity produced could be easily stored in the grid when the sun revolves over or the winds lie
down which further increases the proportion of the renewable energy.
The researchers of the mentioned university are presenting the wireless technology in the
international motor show. Apart from this the researchers are displaying further solutions on
electro mobility that includes an air cooled wheel hub motor and a lightweight construction. The
induction coils are integrated into the roads, parking bays and in some cases in electric charging
stations situated at different areas of the roads or highways. The coils when gets heated can pose
a danger to the objects or any animals. Therefore the researchers have created a substitute for the
product which is an induction late that supplies energy to the car from the front end located near
the license plate (Musavi, Fariborz and Wilson 2014). The following technology thus allows the

10
RESEARCH METHODS
cost effective charging system that can be implemented one weighs only 3 kgs at a charging
capacity of around 3.7 kilowatts. The time when a car brushes against any charger spot strongly
it prevents the vehicle from getting damaged.
Advantages and Disadvantages
Some of the advantages of Wireless Charging for Cars are:
1. The primary advantage of such a charging will be the flexibility that it will bring with it.
The cars can be charged at any given point while on the road
2. The authorities can build new electric corridors for these cars and also build up new
power stations for these cars at some given places alongside the road from where the car
can be charged
3. The system also helps to eradicate the problems with wired chargers as it will be
impossible for the car to charge at any given point in the road and it will really be a big
problem for such cars
4. The inductive charging technology that is much easy to use is basically much more
efficient and powerful than the wired forms of technology (Choi et al. 2015)
5. The following technology also shortens the time of charging for the cars which is surely
one of the huge advantages
6. The cars that are manufactured to fit the inductive motor technology has also an added
advantage of possessing an additional 10kw hour battery
7. Wireless charging options are also a proven game changer in its field as because it is
much safer than the traditional wired charging methods.

11
RESEARCH METHODS
However there are also some large disadvantages of the contemporary technology like;
1. The technology is much more costly than its traditional counterpart
2. The cost of the hybrid cars that will be using such a technology can also be charged high
in the market (Suh and Dong 2017)
3. Though the battery stand out time is much more higher than the traditional electric car
batteries the smaller size of the batteries does not help the cause of the technology
4. For implementing a successful all round system and to implement the technology
efficiently the authorities have to boost up the infrastructure. For example it is utmost
necessary for the authorities to set up charging points in roads and charging stations in
roads (Bi et al. 2016)
5. The setting up of the infrastructure and building a dedicated corridor in the midst of a
dense urban populated cities is a huge challenge and also involves a huge investment
6. Apart from building up the infrastructure maintain the following itself involves a huge
cost
Research Design
Research Questions
The researcher performed an extensive research on the provided research topic and was
successful to gather a variety of knowledge about batteries and wireless technologies to charge
electric cars. After a thorough analysis of the whole research some research questions can be
easily pointed out which is an ideal part in the business research. The research questions are;

12
RESEARCH METHODS
A. What are the main characteristics of wireless charging of electric cars and how are
they helpful?
B. Is wireless charging of cars more beneficial than the wired chargers?
C. Mention some of the advantages and disadvantages of wireless charging?
D. What is the stand of the latest research that is being conducted in this particular field?
Research methodology
Qualitative Research
Qualitative Research is the type of research that is involved in the use of unreliable and
unstructured information sources and information, collection of different methods and careful
observations. It also includes the conduction of the research interviews, performing surveys and
collecting information from some documents (Shin et al. 2014). Basically it is that kind of
research that can be said to be a theoretical form of research involving a detailed analysis of the
necessary documents. The readers will be well aware of the origin of the research, the date of
occurrence, the topic of the research and the collection of the research methods. Some of the
steps in this particular kind of research include;
A. Deciding the research topic
B. Preparation of the research
C. Preparation of the research Questionnaire and giving special attention to it
D. Conducting the literature review of the research
E. Evaluating the need for such a research whether it is needed or not
F. Identifying the sample size