Aerodynamics Literature Review: Analysis of Research and Findings

This literature review delves into the fundamental concepts of aerodynamics, examining research aims and objectives, and providing an in-depth analysis of existing studies. It explores the working principles of aerodynamics, its applications in various industries such as aircraft and automobile design, and the challenges associated with it. The review highlights the importance of aerodynamics in managing airflow, reducing drag, and improving efficiency. It identifies a research gap stemming from the reliance on theoretical information and secondary research methods, concluding with a proposed research question to guide future investigations. The paper references multiple studies to support its analysis, emphasizing the need for further research to address the identified gap and provide more comprehensive insights into the field of aerodynamics.

Aerodynamics

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Contents
Research aims and objectives................................................................................................................2
Literature review...................................................................................................................................2
Research gap......................................................................................................................................4
Research question..............................................................................................................................4
References.............................................................................................................................................5

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Research aims and objectives
 To analyse and evaluate the fundamental concept of aerodynamics
 To produce an individual literature review for understanding the viewpoints of other
researchers
Literature review
It is observed that the aerodynamic is one of the common topics for research and many
authors provided their views on this topic. This literature review provides complete
information about the research topic and highlights the results of previous research studies.
According to Lyu, and Xu, (2015) the term aerodynamic is defined as the process where air
transfer around things and an aeroplane is one of the best examples of aerodynamic
technique. This journal paper focused on the fundamental working of aerodynamic along
with the risks factors associated with the aerodynamic process. This journal paper discussed
the concept of aerodynamic and solved the issue of shape optimization in aerodynamic (Hsu,
Akkerman, and Bazilevs, 2012). However, the authors also conducted a survey for improving
the effectiveness of the investigation.
Churchfield, et al., (2012) identified that the problem of aerodynamic optimization cab be
resolved by managing the series of aerodynamic shapes with the help of common research
model. After critically analysing this research paper it has been found that the aerodynamic
design of transonic wings needs a technique which can represent the shock wave boundary
layer which provides better coupling between air foil shape and wave drag (Chin, and
Lentink, 2016). This research provided in-depth analysis about aerodynamic along with the
key challenges linked with this technique.
According to De, et al., (2012) the aerodynamic refers to a branch of dynamics which deals
with the motion of air and other gaseous fluids. From this paper, it has been identified that the
aerodynamic technique has the potential for achieving a high level of speed and the most
effective use of fuel. This research study involved a literature review for obtaining results and
findings of previous journal papers but the researchers did not provide in-depth analysis
about aerodynamic which create a research gap between information and research topic
(Bottasso, Campagnolo, and Petrović, 2014). It has been identified that many business

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industries use the concept of aerodynamic for designing and implementing the various kinds
of projects, for example, buildings, soccer balls and bridges.
According to Choi, Lee, and Park, (2014), the drag is one of the common forces which are
applied into the aerodynamic process and it opposes the motion of aircraft with the help of
air. This research paper highlighted the challenges and issues occurred during the
development of aerodynamic but mainly focused on the working of aerodynamic. From
recent investigation conducted by NASA it has been found that for reducing the level of drag
force from aerodynamic, an aircraft must produce thrust. It is observed that when the
aeroplane is in level flight at a constant speed then the force of the thrust is just enough for
counteracting the aerodynamic drag.
Hsu, Akkerman, and Bazilevs, (2014) evaluated that the concept of aerodynamic is mainly
used in the field of aircraft for controlling and monitoring the flow of airplane. This research
paper discussed the various applications of the aerodynamic and implemented several
strategies for reducing issues occurred in the aerodynamic. In the last few years the
automobile industry adopted the concept of aerodynamic for designing and implementing the
bodies of vehicles. Such kind of technology help engineers for improving the level of speed
by controlling and managing the flow of air. This paper provided only theoretical information
about the research topic which generates a research gap between the readers and collected
information (Sebastian, and Lackner, 2013).
However, this literature review is completely based on systematic and explicit identification
and provides a platform to the students for improving their experiences in the field of
aerodynamic. According to Othmer, (2014) the computational fluid dynamic is one of the
best approaches for reducing the issues linked with aerodynamic and solving the governing
equations of fluid mechanics. Moreover, the problems of aerodynamic are divided by the
flow of properties which involves compressibility, flow speed and viscosity. This research
paper focused on the role of aerodynamic in the field of aircraft and how this technique
manages the flow of air in the airplane. According to the theory of aerodynamics, a flow is
considered to be compressible if the density changes along with the stream line and around
5% density change produce at the stagnation point (Takizawa, et al., 2014).
Takizawa, et al., (2012) identified that the concept of aerodynamic is mainly used in the
mechanical industries for developing the various kinds of mechanical parts for example hard

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drive heads, particularly aero elasticity, and designing bodies of aircrafts. The aim of this
paper is to critically review the problem linked with aerodynamic and the authors achieved
this aim by conducted a literature review. In the last five years there are numerous researchers
have reviews missile aerodynamic in order to identify the role of aerodynamic in the field of
the airplane.
According to Taha, Hajj, and Beran, (2014) the overall performance of aerodynamic can be
enhanced with the help of transition, separation control and boundary layer. After evaluating
this research paper it has been found that the efficiency and effectiveness of the aircraft are
completely depended on the state of the boundary layer.
Research gap
The major research gap of this literature review is that the researchers focused on the concept
of aerodynamic and does not involve primary research method which produces a gap between
the information and research topic. From the above discussion and literature review about
aerodynamic it has been identified that this research study provided only theoretical
information about the research topic (Bazilevs, et al., 2012). Moreover, the authors used only
secondary research method along with the qualitative research design which provides less
effective information about aerodynamic due to which a research gap has occurred in the
literature review.
Research question
After analysing the literature review, it has been suggested that the research question of the
current paper is “what is the concept of aerodynamic and what the importance of
aerodynamic is?” Moreover, the further research is required in order to solve this research
question because this literature review provided enough information about aerodynamic. In
further research, the authors will avoid this research gap and provide in-depth analysis of
aerodynamic.

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References
Bazilevs, Y., Hsu, M.C., Takizawa, K. and Tezduyar, T.E., (2012) ALE-VMS and ST-VMS
methods for computer modeling of wind-turbine rotor aerodynamics and fluid–structure
interaction. Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 22(02), p.1230002.
Bottasso, C.L., Campagnolo, F. and Petrović, V., (2014) Wind tunnel testing of scaled wind
turbine models: Beyond aerodynamics. Journal of wind engineering and industrial
aerodynamics, 127(4), pp.11-28.
Chin, D.D. and Lentink, D., (2016) Flapping wing aerodynamics: from insects to
vertebrates. Journal of Experimental Biology, 219(7), pp.920-932.
Choi, H., Lee, J. and Park, H., (2014) Aerodynamics of heavy vehicles. Annual Review of
Fluid Mechanics, 46(5), pp.441-468.
Churchfield, M., Lee, S., Moriarty, P., Martinez, L., Leonardi, S., Vijayakumar, G. and
Brasseur, J., (2012) A large-eddy simulation of wind-plant aerodynamics. In 50th AIAA
Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition,
12(5), p. 537.
De Croon, G.C., Groen, M.A., De Wagter, C., Remes, B., Ruijsink, R. and van Oudheusden,
B.W., (2012) Design, aerodynamics and autonomy of the DelFly. Bioinspiration &
biomimetics, 7(2), p.025003.
Hsu, M.C., Akkerman, I. and Bazilevs, Y., (2012) Wind turbine aerodynamics using ALE–
VMS: Validation and the role of weakly enforced boundary conditions. Computational
Mechanics, 50(4), pp.499-511.
Hsu, M.C., Akkerman, I. and Bazilevs, Y., (2014) Finite element simulation of wind turbine
aerodynamics: a validation study using the NREL Phase VI experiment. Wind Energy, 17(3),
pp.461-481.
Lyu, W.L. and Xu, G.H., (2015) New-Trim-Method-Based Investigation on the Cyclic-Pitch-
Effected Advancing-Blade-Concept Helicopter Aerodynamics. Journal of Aircraft, 52(4),
pp.1365-1371.

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Othmer, C., (2014) Adjoint methods for car aerodynamics. Journal of Mathematics in
Industry, 4(1), p.6.
Sebastian, T. and Lackner, M.A., (2013) Characterization of the unsteady aerodynamics of
offshore floating wind turbines. Wind Energy, 16(3), pp.339-352.
Taha, H.E., Hajj, M.R. and Beran, P.S., (2014) State-space representation of the unsteady
aerodynamics of flapping flight. Aerospace Science and Technology, 34(2), pp.1-11.
Takizawa, K., Henicke, B., Puntel, A., Kostov, N. and Tezduyar, T.E., (2012) Space---time
techniques for computational aerodynamics modeling of flapping wings of an actual
locust. Computational Mechanics, 50(6), pp.743-760.
Takizawa, K., Henicke, B., Puntel, A., Spielman, T. and Tezduyar, T.E., (2012) Space-time
computational techniques for the aerodynamics of flapping wings. Journal of Applied
Mechanics, 79(1), p.010903.
Takizawa, K., Tezduyar, T.E., Mcintyre, S., Kostov, N., Kolesar, R. and Habluetzel, C.,
(2014) Space–time VMS computation of wind-turbine rotor and tower
aerodynamics. Computational Mechanics, 53(1), pp.1-15.