University Report: Affordable and Clean Energy in India (ENERGY 2)

This report provides an in-depth analysis of Sustainable Development Goal 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, with a specific focus on the context of India. It begins with an introduction to sustainable development and the importance of energy in achieving global goals. The report then defines the Aff...Read More

Affordable and Clean Energy
Running Head: ENERGY 0
S t u d e n t N a m e :
S t u d e n t U n i v e r s i t y :
Sustainable Development Goal

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Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Affordable and Clean Energy Goal............................................................................................2
Implementation and Measures...................................................................................................3
Challenges..................................................................................................................................4
Stakeholders...........................................................................................................................4
Climate Change......................................................................................................................4
Impact.........................................................................................................................................4
Achievements.............................................................................................................................5
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................5
Bibliography...............................................................................................................................7

ENERGY 2
Introduction
Sustainable Development is for meeting the needs of the present through
development, without negotiating the ability of future groups to meet their own needs. It is an
approach to development to balance different and competitive needs against responsiveness
of the social, economic and environmental limitations society faces (Bendell, 2017).
Development is done considering particular need without thinking of future aspects which
can result in damage like financial issues in large-scale companies because of irresponsible
banking, changes in global climate. Sustainable Development includes a social presence,
economic growth and environmental protection (Carley & Christie, 2017).
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) is the idea to attain a well & secured
upcoming aimed at the nation. It reports the universal experiments individuals face associated
with poverty, inequality, climate, environmental deprivation, wealth, and peace, and justice.
It is important to achieve every goal and target by 2030 (Nilsson, Griggs, & Visbeck, 2016).
Energy is the main point considered near every major challenge and opportunity the world is
facing today. It is related to jobs, security, climate change, food production or income
increment; energy is needed. It is important to work towards the goal to achieve the target by
focusing on global contact through new economic and job opportunities for creating secured
and broad groups and flexibility to environmental issues like climate change (Hák,
Janoušková, & Moldan, 2016). This report will analyse Goal: 7 Affordable and Clean Energy
which is in the context of the major developing country India and the challenges faced by
stakeholders along with significance of climate change on SDG. This report will also analyse
the achievements of the county through implementing and measuring the impact of this goal
on the country.
Affordable and Clean Energy Goal
The 2030 agenda for sustainable development is to plan an action for people, planet
and wealth. It focuses on larger freedom by strong global peace. All countries and all
stakeholders, implement the agenda through joint partnership for development and
transformation. The goal is designed to be united and protect the planet from deprivation by
securing consumption and production, managing the natural resources and urgent action on
climate change for fulfilling needs of the present and future groups (El-Maghrabi, Gable,
Rodarte, & Verbeek, 2018).

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Affordable and Clean Energy goal shows that between 2000 and 2016, from 78 to 87
per cent the number of people with electricity increased and people without electricity was
below one billion (Büyüközkan, Karabulut, & Mukul, 2018). Still, the population continues
to grow where cheap energy demand flows also get affected and an economy dependent on
fossil-fuels creates dynamic change to the climate. The energy production is improving from
investment in solar, thermal and wind power which make sure to achieve this goal by 2030.
To provide clean and resourceful energy globally through expansion in infrastructure and
technology is important for innovation to support growth and environment betterment.
Implementation & Measures
The government implemented fuel proficiency standards in vehicles and policies to
quicken the placement of fusion and electric vehicles. To carrying and electric charging base,
various policies were applied to encourage the growth and extensive placement of
consolidated renewable drive connected to mini-grids. The Intended National Determined
Contributions (INDCs) were implemented to meet climate moderation goals. The
implementation regarding laws preparation for thermal and hydropower groups, transmission,
and distribution were made for making policies in the energy sector due to responsibilities
and roles. The Indian Steel Industry took advantages to implement energy productivity
measures (Pan, et al., 2015). The Bureau of Energy Efficiency implemented Time-of-Day
(TOD) rates for extensive industries and marketable customers to compress the load bend and
improve the productivity of industrial, municipal and agricultural water pumping systems to
push for implementing effective pumping systems and shifting of pumping load to off-peak
hours. The promotion of solar hot-water systems and an important responsibility for
implementing productive lightening advantages as energy measures to work on policies;
strategy implementation for energy management with a reasonable cost for improvement in
productivity and promote accountability.
The policy measures to promote energy production are Demand Side Management
measure which includes expenses into tariff plans; technological improvements in steel
production processes, and use of modern electric curve heating system, fixing of energy
recovery coke ovens to meet power wants and emissions reduction (Abdmouleh, Alammari,
& Gastli, 2015). Other measures are Energy Conservation Act, 2001; Electricity Act, 2003;
Tariff Policy, 2006; Integrated Energy Policy, 2006; National Policy of Biofuels, 2009; 12th
Five Year Plan, 2012-2017 and more. The measures can help in capital investment, power

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costs reduction, reduction in weaknesses, securing the reliability of delicate environments and
improvement in retrieving energy (Su, Zhang, & Su, 2015).
Challenges
India is a developing and fastest-growing economy globally, contributing 1/4th of the
rise in global energy demand projects by 2030. It is the 4th largest greenhouse gas emitter
after China, USA, and the EU for creating better opportunities for people and the increment
of living standards, there will be a continuous rise of emissions. As the country is developing
so does the energy use, energy consumption per capita is 1/3rd of the global average where
237 million Indians do not have an allowance of using energy (Gielen, Boshell, & Saygin,
2016). The commitment from Prime Minister Narendra Modi is acknowledging that 27
million homes without energy will get power by 2019. The challenges faced from 2000-2014
were the authority to use energy services, greening the energy mix, and connectivity of
improving energy and other include low quantity, quality, and consistency of the power
supply, implementing and fulfilment with regulations, and the affordability of energy; most
importantly, the gap between urban and rural areas. Financing Affordable and Clean Energy
and non-investment grade countries face huge challenges (UN India Business Forum, 2019).
Stakeholders
The energy sector is characterized by multiple stakeholders. The challenge of
executing number of new technologies to be involved, from the range of more than 600,000
firms in the construction industry, 250,000 organizations through the manufacturing sector,
17,000 firms through the supply chains for machines and vehicles, more than 3,000 electric
value resources and organizations, and, mainly, more than 300 million consumers
(Quadrennial Technology Review, 2015).
Climate Change
Energy security is must and it is a challenge to maintain the security from physical
weaknesses of energy systems to natural and man-made threats like increase in climate
change leads to risks. The energy security risks include locations serious to global energy
supply, energy prices and climate change like crop-failure, water shortages or risky weather
(Quadrennial Technology Review, 2015).

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Impact
The environmental impact due to climate change results in the increase in GHG
emissions in the atmosphere which is observed and planned to increase with the continuing of
these emissions. These changes include temperature increment, rising of sea-level, and an
increase in the frequency and power of some instant weather events. In addition, increases in
distinctive focuses of CO2 unavoidably lead to increase the immersion of CO2 by the oceans
causing ocean acidification. These challenges need development and disposition of energy
supply technologies controlling emissions like carbon storage or releasing GHG emissions
like renewable energy (Quadrennial Technology Review, 2015).
Achievements
The permission has been achieved in many countries within the area globally which
results in specific gains in the average electrification rate area-wise but not very varied from
country to country. Moreover, Asia and the Pacific are in terms with the highest power
energy progress with a strong increase in energy consumption. The measures of achievement
are the creation of lower-risk investment environment and availability increment of financing
for energy. The advantages of clean energy project developers and consumers consist of
capital allowances, tax reduction, rebates, risk guarantees, and low-interest loans. To increase
the market competitiveness of renewable energies, fuel and carbons taxes are used. However,
many states member still face barriers for renewable energies development related to
procedures of limiting authorization, dominant value position and bounding in energy prices.
The standards relevant to the financial sector capturing good practices and inspire the
achievement and monitor social and environmental factors (SDG, 2019).
The requirement of low prices to sell in the market is to achieve volumes through
technology. To achieve the goal of reasonable energy conservation and real income growth is
by the mix of technology, behaviour, and price. The National Mission for Enhanced Energy
Efficiency (NMEEE) was legislated for energy saving scheme by performing, achieving and
trading. To secure energy, clean development mechanism was established to attain remaining
extra carbon isolation with left space planted, C-stock in standard, MAI of biomass and soil
carbon. These all were achieved by fulfilling the targets of the SDG (Mascarenhas, Basu, &
Bazaz, 2017).

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Conclusion
The SDGs are the universal goals for securing future and protecting the planet. The
agenda 2030 has been implemented with multiple measures for development and future
opportunities. This agenda faces many challenges related to stakeholders and change in
climatic conditions with the achievements and have many positive & negative impacts but the
major responsibility and role are to achieve the targets or goals through obtaining objectives
for the betterment of future.

ENERGY 7
Bibliography
Abdmouleh, Z., Alammari, R., & Gastli, A. (2015). Recommendations on renewable energy
policies for the GCC countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50,
1181-1191.
Bendell, J. (2017). Terms for Endearment Business, NGOs and Sustainable Development.
London: Routledge.
Büyüközkan, G., Karabulut, Y., & Mukul, E. (2018). A novel renewable energy selection
model for United Nations' sustainable development goals. Energy, 165, 290-302.
Carley, M., & Christie, I. (2017). Managing Sustainable Development. London: Routledge.
El-Maghrabi, M., Gable, S., Rodarte, I., & Verbeek, J. (2018). Sustainable development goals
diagnostics: an application of network theory and complexity measures to set country
priorities. US: The World Bank.
Gielen, D., Boshell, F., & Saygin, D. (2016). Climate and energy challenges for materials
science. Nature materials, 15(2), 117.
Hák, T., Janoušková, S., & Moldan, B. (2016). Sustainable Development Goals: A need for
relevant indicators. Ecological Indicators, 60, 565-573.
Mascarenhas, K., Basu, R., & Bazaz, A. (2017). Affordable and Clean Energy: An Indian
Perspective. Retrieved from iihs.co.in: http://iihs.co.in/knowledge-gateway/wp-
content/uploads/2017/10/Affordable-and-Clean-Energy-An-Indian-Perspective.pdf
Nilsson, M., Griggs, D., & Visbeck, M. (2016). Policy: map the interactions between
Sustainable Development Goals. Nature News, 534(7607), 320.
Pan, S.-Y., Alex Du, M., Huang, I.-T., Liu, I.-H., Chang, E., & Chiang, P.-C. (2015).
Strategies on implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) supply chain for circular
economy system: a review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 409-421.
Quadrennial Technology Review. (2015). AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY
TECHNOLOGIES AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES. Retrieved from energy.gov:
https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/09/f26/QTR2015-01-Challenges.pdf

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SDG. (2019). Goal 7: Affordable and clean energy. Retrieved from Financing Solutions for
Sustainable Development:
https://www.sdfinance.undp.org/content/sdfinance/en/home/sdg/goal-7--affordable-
and-clean-energy.html
Su, Y., Zhang, P., & Su, Y. (2015). An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in
the major biofuel producing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,
50, 991-1003.
UN India Business Forum. (2019). Energy: Clean, Affordable And Efficient. Retrieved from
UN India Business Forum: https://in.one.un.org/unibf/energy/