Case Study: Afghan Refugees - Process Theory, Causal Questions, Issues

This case study examines the health and well-being of Afghan refugees, focusing on the application of process theory, causal analysis, and the evaluation of complex interventions. The analysis begins with an overview of process theory, encompassing organizational plans, service utilization, and output specifications. It then explores two key causal questions aimed at assessing the impact of interventions, such as sanitation, medical facilities, and education for children. The study also addresses political, social, and ethical considerations, including rehabilitation challenges and the loss of cultural values. Finally, it evaluates complex interventions, like government health programs, to improve the health of refugees. The study emphasizes the interconnectedness of intervention components and the importance of minimizing the negative impacts of conflict on refugees' lives, referencing various research articles and journals to support its findings. The case study highlights how interventions can improve the health of refugees and maintain their normal life.

Case study

Table of Contents
3(b) Process theory describe by Rossi....................................................................................1
4(b) Two causal questions to evaluate its impact...................................................................1
5(b) Two issues and problems arise from political,social and ethical considerations............2
6(b) Evaluation of complex interventions..............................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................3

3(b) Process theory describe by Rossi
Process theory is made up with three basic components include organisational plan,
service utilisation plan and specifications of their outputs (Sein and et. al., 2011). This include
the inputs which are parts of organisation, activities are known as part of service utilisation and
outputs are known as products of enterprise.
As per the Rossi organisational plan encompass the nature of resources required to
effective implement the project (Yang and et. al., 2013). It also include specifications about
workers, resources of firms use in the plan, fiscal resources and many more. It covers all behind
the scenes require to implement the plan.
According to Rossi service utilisation plan how to reach with target audience in order to
offer them required services (Marom and et. al., 2011). As per the set 1 it can be said how
service providers of mental health will use various tools to provide mental services to refugees.
1. How effective the services are which are provide by service users to refugees ?
2. Is officers and staffs which are included in whole plan are doing their part effectively or
not ?
Development of organisational and service utilisation plan help in design the final
outcome of whole project (Bernon, Rossi and Cullen, 2011). With the help of this higher
authorities include in the management plan of refugees can better maintain the health of them
and their children and can contribute in maintain their routine life.
4(b) Two causal questions to evaluate its impact
By identify and evaluate the condition two question which can be rise can be rise include thee
following:
11 Where refugees are getting proper sanitation & medical facilities ?11 What efforts are done by authorities for education of their children ?
For above two questions descriptive research design can be use by researcher to collect
information. Under this researcher use various tools to describe the main cause of problem
(Matthews and et. al., 2012). Primary sources data collection will be used for this. With the help
of survey and media sources real situation about refugees can be identify (Gawronski and
Bodenhausen, 2011.). As this situation is very complex so no secondary source of data can be
use under this situation. With the answers of these questions impact on Afghan refugees can be
easily understood (Hermes and Lensink, 2011). It can be identify how all these impact on
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children's education of refugees. With the help of primary sources of data collection researcher
can collect accurate data and can identify and evaluate the real condition of refugees (Murnane
and Willett, 2010).
5(b) Two issues and problems arise from political,social and ethical considerations
Various issues which can be rise under the political consideration is rehabilitation.
Various attacks affect the normal life of refugees and they suffer from huge disturbance in their
real life (De Vaus, 2013). Further the issue which can rise under social consideration is that
refugees forget their cultural values (Bryman and Bell, 2015). Due to various attacks and
negative activities they lost the chance to celebrate festivals. Elements which can covered under
ethical considerations is privacy of individuals. Activities such as attacks negatively affect their
minds and way of their thinking (Creswell and Poth, 2017 ). Lost of privacy life is one of the
negative result which take place after the situations and conditions like war. In this, various
efforts can be done by higher authorities to handle this issue. Basically rehabilitation and lack of
personal life are the main issues which can be rise due to political and ethical issues.
Various efforts can be done by government in order to eliminate these issues and its
negative impact on refugees (Maon, Lindgreen and Swaen, 2010). With various support
activities of government personal life of refugees can be maintain and negative impact of wars
and attacks can be minimised.
6(b) Evaluation of complex interventions
Complex intervention is a process of interconnecting various parts. A community
intervention can be directed towards improving the health of people of society (Craig and et. al.,
2012). Basically a complex intervention is a combination of various various parts interrelated
with each other. Succession of a intervention is possible if all parts of intervention works in a
predictable manner. This is an effective concept while there are number of lops and emrgent
outcomes are involve in this. Various health diseases are spread in refugees and in this complex
intervention can be how government is using various components to make people healthy and
free from any kind of disease (Shekelle and et. al., 2011). Various immunization programmes
and various type of drugs can be used by government for this. Concept of complex intervention
can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of services offer to patients. This is very beneficial in
case of refugees as this increase the practices of healthy behaviour and this will reduce the
number of patients.
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Various approaches are there which recommend the complex intervention to reduce the
complexity by break down the intervention in small simple and individual components. With the
help of complex intervention government can minimise the number of patients and can maintain
the health of refugees (Cloitre and et. al., 2011). Government can make effectively use various
components in order to minimise the negative impact of wars on refugees and to maintain their
normal life (Kolandaivelu and et. al., 2011). In this way government can contribute more in
health care campaign or programme conduct for refugees.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Bernon, M., Rossi, S. and Cullen, J., 2011. Retail reverse logistics: a call and grounding
framework for research. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics
Management. 41(5). pp.484-510.
Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA.
Cloitre and et. al., 2011. Treatment of complex PTSD: Results of the ISTSS expert clinician
survey on best practices. Journal of traumatic stress. 24(6). pp.615-627.
Craig and et. al., 2012. Using natural experiments to evaluate population health interventions:
new Medical Research Council guidance.J Epidemiol Community Health, pp.jech-2011.
Creswell, J.W. and Poth, C.N., 2017. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among
five approaches. Sage publications.
De Vaus, D., 2013. Surveys in social research. Routledge.
Gawronski, B. and Bodenhausen, G.V., 2011. 2 The Associative-Propositional Evaluation
Model: Theory, Evidence, and Open Questions. Advances in experimental social
psychology. 44. p.59.
Hermes, N. and Lensink, R., 2011. Microfinance: its impact, outreach, and sustainability.World
development. 39(6). pp.875-881.
Kolandaivelu and et. al., 2011. Stent thrombogenicity early in high-risk interventional settings is
driven by stent design and deployment and protected by polymer-drug coatings.
Circulation, pp.CIRCULATIONAHA-110.
Maon, F., Lindgreen, A. and Swaen, V., 2010. Organizational stages and cultural phases: A
critical review and a consolidative model of corporate social responsibility
development. International Journal of Management Reviews. 12(1). pp.20-38.
Marom and et. al., 2011. Dispersion interactions with density-functional theory: benchmarking
semiempirical and interatomic pairwise corrected density functionals. Journal of
chemical theory and computation. 7(12). pp.3944-3951.
Matthews and et. al., 2012. Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors and cause-specific
mortality in US adults. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 95(2). pp.437-445.
Murnane, R.J. and Willett, J.B., 2010. Methods matter: Improving causal inference in
educational and social science research. Oxford University Press.
Sein and et. al., 2011. Action design research. MIS quarterly, pp.37-56.
Shekelle and et. al., 2011. Advancing the science of patient safety. Annals of internal medicine.
154(10). pp.693-696.
Yang and et. al., 2013. Spin-valley lifetimes in a silicon quantum dot with tunable valley
splitting. arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.0983.
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