Initial Privacy and Security Assessment: AFRA System Analysis

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Initial Privacy and Security Assessment

Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Q1 Discuss the possible benefits and problems that could be realized from the use of the AFRA system to
identify individual users who wish to apply for or renew a license.............................................................4
Q2 Discuss the implications for an individual's privacy from their use of AFRA to apply for or renew a
license..........................................................................................................................................................6
Q3 Discuss the ethical and privacy implications of the State Police's proposed use of AFRA....................8
Q4 Would the use of AFRA enhance the security and privacy of your digital identity if used solely for
license application or renewal? Would your security and privacy remain the same if the Police proposal
was accepted? Discuss the personal implications of these proposals.........................................................10
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................11
References.................................................................................................................................................12

Introduction
The data phase is quickly being revolutionalized the manner in which any of the transactions are
known to be completed. Daily the methods and functions are incrementally getting handled
electronically, rather than with the old tools such as pencil and paper or verbal communication.
One of the technologies that have been introduced in this scenario is AFRA. The Automated
Facial Recognition Authentication Systems (AFRA) are the systems that are having the ability to
recognize a face automatically for any task, which is mainly for accessing a file or a folder
securely, that are already recorded in its database. In the following report, the basic information
regarding the AFRA has to be shared and discussed. After going through this whole report a
learner would be having a rough idea about the AFRA and the learner would also be having the
ability to answer the questions such as discussion on the advantages and the disadvantage of
AFRA, discussion over the implication of privacy by the help of AFRA, explaining the ethical
implications of the suggested use of AFRA by the police of the state and commenting upon the
possibility of the use of AFRA in the license renewal of any individual.

Q1 Discuss the possible benefits and problems that could be realized from the use of the
AFRA system to identify individual users who wish to apply for or renew a license.
The following are the advantages and disadvantages of Automated Facial Recognition
Authentication (AFRA).
Advantages:
1. There are several advantages of using the technology of Automated Facial Recognition
Authentication (AFRA), one of the most advantageous features of AFRA is the
convenience it is having along with the social acceptability that it has. The AFRA is so
much convenient that all the user has to do in order to make it work is allow AFRA to
take pictures of the user and rest would b taken care of by the AFRA system itself
(Geekbots, 2019).
2. Another one of the main advantages of the AFRA is that it can also work privately. All it
has to do is just let the person stand in front of or pass through the camera. In some cases,
the person in front of the camera is not even having the knowledge that AFRA is working
and their facial aspects have been recorded (Bobde and Deshmukh, 2014).
3. The accuracy of the facial recognition system is also one of the most common advantages
of the facial recognition system. There are two ways of recognizing the face of the
person, one is the retinal scan and another one is the feature-based scan and both the
techniques are considered to be highly accurate (Geekbots, 2019).
4. One of the main advantages that are suggested by the AFRA techniques is that due to the
extraction of the featuring points leads to the studies that are done in order to match the
images to that of an individual who is known to the client or the user, these kind of
functions are associatively robust for the positioning of the variations in the input images
(Bobde and Deshmukh, 2014).
5. The whole configuration of AFRA is automated and hence also reduces the complete
workload for the security guard as once the installation of the AFRA System is
completed. There would rarely be any need to record the incoming or the outgoing of any
guest or visitor (Geekbots, 2019).
Disadvantages:
1. It is very hard to tell the difference between the features of 2 identical twins for AFRA. If
the technology that is being used for the recognition is retinal scan, then there would not
be an issue in recognizing the retina of 2 identical twins. But if the technology that is
being used for the facial recognition is feature-based, then, in that case, the AFRA is
known to be failing till now and is not able to find the difference (Bobde and Deshmukh,
2014).

2. The data processing as well as the storage of the data that is collected by the AFRA
System is very much complex and difficult as it stores the data for every person that
through the camera of AFRA system and to store and manage this much huge amount of
data is a highly complicated process (Geekbots, 2019).
3. The surveillance angle is also a great disadvantage for the AFRA system. There is always
a particular angle for any AFRA system which is having a blind spot. The blind spot is
the point where the AFRA system is not able to recognize the face of the person who just
crossed because the face of the individual person was at the angle from where it was not
clearly visible to the AFRA system and hence their data was not stored (Bobde and
Deshmukh, 2014).
4. One of the biggest disadvantages of the AFRA system is the rate with which it is
growing. The AFRA system is known to be growing at a very high pace. For any other
system, it would have been an advantage, but for the AFRA system, it is a disadvantage
because the AFRA system is growing even faster than the rule and the regulations that
are provided in the legislation due to which even if the growth in the technology is rapid.
The use of the latest technology takes its time (Geekbots, 2019).

Q2 Discuss the implications for an individual's privacy from their use of AFRA to apply for
or renew a license.
It is not an unknown fact that a part of the AFRA system is a great threat to the privacy of an
individual or an organization (Gurchiek, 2012). This is happening due to the fast and rapid speed
with which the technology growing in the direction of the facial recognition. It completely
represents the classic case of method creep, where the application is executed and used prior to
the entire study of the consequences that might occur (Gurchiek, 2012). The AFRA system is
known to be growing at a very high pace. For any other system, it would have been an
advantage, but for the AFRA system, it is a disadvantage because the AFRA system is growing
even faster than the rule and the regulations that are provided in the legislation due to which even
if the growth in the technology is rapid. The use of the latest technology takes its time
(Macintosh, 2019).
There is a very heavy requirement for the organizations and the creators of the technologies, to
make the citizens and the common people understand briefly about the technology and also the
ways in which they can be used efficiently. The following are the points that are to be recognized
by the public about the AFRA systems (Macintosh, 2019).
 AFRA Systems and their technologies are getting advanced at a really high speed
(Macintosh, 2019).
 The AFRA System cannot is also having some limitations and cannot be called perfect. It
is definitely imperfect. The public must be aware of all the limitation of the AFRA
Systems so that it would be easy for them to make decisions of its installation in their
house or organization (Macintosh, 2019).
 The AFRA System is currently in use by the enforcement of Law and hence might get
late in the execution even after being introduced or discovered to the new technologies
(Macintosh, 2019).
 It cannot be specifically commented that whether the technology is a good technology or
a bad technology (Macintosh, 2019). But it can surely be said that if there is a proper
balance in storing the data of people for their goodwill, and stealing the data from the
users, it can be a very useful technology and so is true on the other hand that it can also
be resulting in being very dangerous for the privacy of the people (Macintosh, 2019).
The informational age or the time is quickly being spread as well as accepted in the manner in
which any of the transactions are known to be completed (Gurchiek, 2012). Daily the methods
and functions are incrementally getting handled electronically, rather than with the old tools such
as pencil and paper or verbal communication. One of the technologies that have been introduced
in this scenario is AFRA (Gurchiek, 2012). The Automated Facial Recognition Authentication

Systems (AFRA) are the systems that are having the ability to recognize a face automatically for
any task, which is mainly for accessing a file or a folder securely, that are already recorded in its
database.
The AFRA System is also allegedly known to be unknowingly spreading into the other fields and
organizations that are working into different sectors and the uses as well (Gurchiek, 2012). The
previous studies that are done in the past in this same field of AFRA systems have stated that the
data collection and distribution result in being advantageous for solving the crime issues all over
the world, but at the same time it can also give a rise to the racial as well as ethnic categorizing
of an individual along with the social stigmas, and inaccuracy all long the systems and can also
enable the government navigation and surveillances on certain levels but not prior to their
possibilities of occurring (Gurchiek, 2012).

Q3 Discuss the ethical and privacy implications of the State Police's proposed use of AFRA
The AFRA systems are being used at almost all the events which consist of a large no. of the
crowd in the countries such as England and Wales in the last few years in order to identify any
criminal suspects or also to avoid any kind of crime (Fourtane, 2018). The AFRA system is
having the technology that is having the ability to recognize the face of the people and notify the
user if any of the faces is similar to any one of the faces that are already stored in the records of
the AFRA system and that too in real-time the storage in which the already recorded images are
stored for comparison is called the watch list, the records that are present in the watch list are
taken from the police records or any image from the social media (Fourtane, 2018).
These types of technologies are getting more and more popular and accepted among the police
forces all across the globe (Connor, 2019). If it is used properly only for solving the crimes then,
in that case, it is an amazing technology and has helped a lot yet, for example, AFRA systems
have been very helpful n finding missing children in countries like India. But it can also be a
dangerous method of the privacy breach and has also proven to be so in the past if it is not in
correct hands (Connor, 2019). Hence there must also be some norms for the usage of the AFRA
systems by the government of any nation. It is also known by almost everyone that the AFRA
can also work privately (Connor, 2019). All it has to do is just let the person stand in front of or
pass through the camera. In some cases, the person in front of the camera is not even having the
knowledge that AFRA is working and their facial aspects have been recorded (Connor, 2019).
But this same advantage of AFRA can also be an equal or maybe more disadvantageous as the
citizens or the people of the country would not be knowing that when they are being monitored
and when their privacy is being breached by any kind of anti-social elements which can lead to
the misuse of the data that has been collected by the monitoring of the person or the individual
(Connor, 2019). There are many policies that were introduced in order to reduce the misuse of
the data that is collected by the law firms and police by the help of facial recognition and all of
them were found to be useful (Fourtane, 2018).
The excessively increased usage of the Automated Facial Recognition Authentication (AFRA)
Systems and their associated technologies might lead and result to some new kinds of intrusions
into the privacy as well as the security of the people or the citizens who might not even be aware
of the fact that they are being monitored (Fourtane, 2018). The users of the facial recognition or
even the ones who are not using the same are highly required to be aware as well as vigilant and
also must always make sure that the AFRA systems and technologies that the citizens are using
are properly deployed as well as executed. In this way the whole threat of intrusion in the privacy
of anyone around the user or the user themselves (Fourtane, 2018). The previous studies that are
done in the past in the field of AFRA Systems have stated that the people are not even aware of
the fact that they are being seen at every moment and even if they are having any knowledge
about this, they are failing to fugue out that how this fact can be harmful to them (Fourtane,
2018). A privacy breach can have not been that much harm to anyone till date but the potentials

risks that it is having is too much and if those risks are not taken care of properly (Fourtane,
2018). There would be no digitally available entity that is secured.

Q4 Would the use of AFRA enhance the security and privacy of your digital identity if used
solely for license application or renewal? Would your security and privacy remain the
same if the Police proposal was accepted? Discuss the personal implications of these
proposals.
As per the information that has been provided in the above report and also the previous reports
that have been drafted in the past in the same fields, it is very clear that digital privacy is a myth.
The amount of information that is present in records of the government can tell a person about
themselves more than the people themselves can and that is just because of the constant
monitoring that the system is having over each and every citizen of the nation. The above report
also stated that the data phase is quickly being spread in a way in which any of the transactions
are known to be completed. Daily the methods and functions are incrementally getting handled
electronically, rather than with the old tools such as pencil and paper or verbal communication.
One of the technologies that have been introduced in this scenario is AFRA (Bobde and
Deshmukh, 2014). The Automated Facial Recognition Authentication Systems (AFRA) are the
systems that are having the ability to recognize a face automatically for any task, which is mainly
for accessing a file or a folder securely, that are already recorded in its database (Bobde and
Deshmukh, 2014). So it can also be said that this technology of Automated Facial Recognition
Authentication can be dangerous but also one of the most trustable security technologies around
the world. Where is does have some disadvantages like the fact that the data processing as well
as the storage of the data that is collected by the AFRA System is very much complex and
difficult as it stores the data for every person that through the camera of AFRA system and to
store and manage this much huge amount of data is a highly complicated process. There also are
some advantages to it too such as it can also work privately (Bobde and Deshmukh, 2014). All it
has to do is just let the person stand in front of or pass through the camera. In some cases, the
person in front of the camera is not even having the knowledge that AFRA is working and their
facial aspects have been recorded. It would not be wrong to term AFRA as a blessing in the curse
(Bobde and Deshmukh, 2014).

Conclusion
In the following report, the basic information regarding the AFRA has to be shared and
discussed. After going through this whole report a learner would be having a rough idea about
the AFRA and the learner would also be having the ability to answer the questions such as
discussion on the advantages and the disadvantage of AFRA, discussion over the implication of
privacy by the help of AFRA, explaining the ethical implications of the suggested use of AFRA
by the police of the state and commenting upon the possibility of the use of AFRA in the license
renewal of any individual. It is clear tried to make the learner understand that the data phase is
quickly being revolutionalized the manner in which any of the transactions are known to be
completed. Daily the methods and functions are incrementally getting handled electronically,
rather than with the old tools such as pencil and paper or verbal communication. One of the
technologies that have been introduced in this scenario is AFRA. The Automated Facial
Recognition Authentication Systems (AFRA) are the systems that are having the ability to
recognize a face automatically for any task, which is mainly for accessing a file or a folder
securely, that are already recorded in its database.

References
 Geekboots. (2019) Face recognition system and its advantages and disadvantages. [Online].
Geekboots. Available at: https://www.geekboots.com/story/face-recognition-system-and-its-
advantages-and-disadvantages. [Accessed on 27th July 2019]
 Bobde, S. and Deshmukh, S. (2014). Face Recognition Technology. International Journal of
Computer Science and Mobile Computing, 3(10), pp.192-202.
 Gurchiek, K. (2012), Facial Recognition Technology Raises Privacy Issues. [Online]. SHRM Blog.
Available at: https://blog.shrm.org/trends/facial-recognition-technology-raises-privacy-issues.
[Accessed on 27th July 2019]
 Macitosh, V. (2019), How facial recognition presents a growing threat to privacy. [Online].
Comparitech. Available at: https://www.comparitech.com/blog/vpn-privacy/facial-recognition-
privacy-threat/. [Accessed on 27th July 2019]
 Connor, K., O. (2019), Police use of facial recognition technology must be governed by stronger
legislation. [Online].The Conversation. Available at: Police use of facial recognition technology
must be governed by stronger legislation. [Accessed on 27th July 2019]
 Fourtane, S.(2018), Facial Recognition Concerns: Microsoft's Six Ethical Principles. [Online].
Interesting Engineering. Available at: https://interestingengineering.com/facial-recognition-
concerns-microsofts-six-ethical-principles. [Accessed on 27th July 2019]