Analyzing Africa's Resource Wealth and Economic Development Theories

This essay examines the argument that the discovery of further resource wealth will not solve the problems many African states face, focusing on Africa's reliance on primary commodity exports and its declining terms of trade with industrialized economies. It discusses the contribution of natural resources to economic growth, employment, and fiscal revenues, while also highlighting the disappointing growth rates, elevated inequality, and risks of civil violence often associated with resource-dependent countries. The essay employs theories such as modernization theory and Rostow's stages of development to illustrate the complexities of African development, critically assessing these theories and their impact on Africa. It concludes that while these theories offer insights, they also have limitations and that other factors, such as advancements in science and technology and urbanization, play crucial roles in the modernization process. The study references various books and journals to support its analysis.

The discovery of further resource
wealth will not solve the problems many
African states face.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Discuss the argument referring to Africa s reliance on primary commodity exports and its
decrement terms of trade with industrialised economies.......................................................4
Use of theories and concept to illustrates the thesis...............................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The concept of resources generally has expanded a very new planned importance in the
conflicts. In this, With the retraction of the taciturn conflict external support in the very late
1980s, the limited resources generally have turn out to be the mainstay of the most conflict
economies. The Sub-Saharan Africans can sustain from various critical environmental issues
consisting the deforestation, soil erosion, wetland degradation, desertification as well as the
insect infestation. The efforts in order to contract with these specific issues, though, have been
handicapped by a real disappointment to comprehend their nature as well as the possible
remedies. The accepted wiseness opinions the people of a particular county as highly careless
towards surrounding atmosphere and can appearances to the global societies to protect the people
from themselves (Ergun, Owusu and Rivas, 2019). In this, the models such as evolutionary
model is generally a grouping of both the iterative aspect as well as the incremental model of the
development of a software life cycle. The delivering of a scheme in the release of big bang as
well as carrying it in the enhancing process over a period of time is the action that is done in this
particular model. In the report, there is discussion about the given statement which is generally
refers to the Africa's reliance over the primary commodity exports along with its declining terms
of the trade with the industrialised economies (Abdulahi, Shu and Khan, 2019). In this, there is a
discussion of the theories such as modernisation theory and the Rostow's stages of development
and its relationship with ISI (Import Substitution Industrialisation).
MAIN BODY
The natural resources usually contribute towards the growth of an economic, employment
as well as fiscal revenues. In this, there are various countries who are generally rich in resources
as well as resources dependent are specifically characterized by the disappointing growth rates,
the elevated inequality as well as wide spread impoverishment, the bad governance as well as
developing risk of the civil violence (Derks and Romijn, 2019). In this, contact with the
particular resources is an enhanced supposed as the security risk of the twenty-one centuries. The
resources are usually the stock of the constituents which generally occur in the surrounding
atmosphere which are both scarce as well as economically beneficial in the both feasting and
production as well either in the raw state or it can be after a minute amount of processing (Arin
and Braunfels, 2018). It can involve both the renewable resources such as the land, forest, water
and so on and the depletable resources such as the metals, minerals, oil and so on.

Discuss the argument referring to Africa s reliance on primary commodity exports and its
decrement terms of trade with industrialised economies.
In the various states of Africa, one or the two primary commodities generally dominate
the export trades such as petroleum and its products among the Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, Libya
and many more (Dasgupta and Mukhopadhyay, 2018). In this, the countries having the elevated
requirement on a single spread product are generally concerted in various areas such as the
twenty-one regions in the Africa, fourteen in the America and so on. The high dependence on the
commodities usually makes these such countries more vulnerable to shocks and fluctuations in
the prices (Barker, 2019). The given statement is not valid as the downfall in the prices of the
commodity generally have a negative influence on the exports and fiscal revenue as well as can
decrease the economic growth and its development. The downfall in terms of the trade generally
means that prices of the exports simply fall relative to imports. In this, the current downfall in the
bulk commodity prices generally have the decreased growth of the household income, the profits
of the organization as well as the governmental revenues. The downfall mainly has been linked
with the compression in mining the spend as well as by decreasing the development of collective
demand, have reserved non-mining spend of a particular business (Young, 2019).
Use of theories and concept to illustrates the thesis.
In this, the theory called as modernisation is specifically a theory that is effectively meant
to illustrates the course of the modernisation which a country generally drives via, as its
conversions from an old-style community to an up-to-date one. The modernisation philosophy
generally has not been accredited towards the person; in its place its improvement has been
associated to the community scientist of an America in the early 1950s. In this, the theory
generally involves the various unique versions of itself (Chatterjee, Gupta and Upadhyay, 2018).
In context with Marxist Versus Capitalist, the theories were highly impacted by the dogmatic
climate among the both US and the Soviet Union. In the early while having the cold war (1947-
1991), there are the two specific versions of the modernisation theory are generally prominent.
As per the view of Marxist theory of modernisation, this theory that as developed the nation,
acquiring the collectivist tactic to leading like eliminating the isolated stuff would end the war,
disparity as well as the exploitation. The development of monetary and the communal alterations
would lead to the developing the nations to improve into a community much like that of the
Soviet Unification (Basu, 2021). As per the view of Capitalist version of the modernisation, the

explanation that as the nation developed the monetary expansion and the communal alterations
would lead to the consensus. In this, numerous of the transformation philosophers like Rostow's
have argued that when the communities are transitioned from the old-style communities to the
contemporary cultures, they would locomote a same pathway. The theorist supplementary
illustrates that each of the emerging nation could be located into a group or the growth stages. In
addition, the Rostow's expansion stages are such as old-style, pre-condition for take-off, take-off,
maturing, and the build construction or the mass feasting. It is generally a historical model of
economic growth. He generally argued that through the elevated investments, enhanced exposure
to the modernized, the western communities as well as alterations in the traditional culture and
its values, the communities will become more greatly developed (Benelli and Duggan, 2018).
In context with the modernisation theory, its concept generally integrates the full range of
the conversion as well as the severe alteration which a old-style community has to suffer to
become up-to-date. In this, the transformation is all about Africa succeeding the evolving
footpaths of Europe. As per the modernism, the plans are specifically envisioned to increase the
standards of living of the deprived habitually contain the broadcasting acquaintance as well as
the evidence about more effective methods of the creation (Campbell and Fehler‐Cabral, 2018).
The concept is specifically carped for deteriorating to deliberate the reduced as the centre piece
in the decreased creativities in poverty. In this, by ignoring the participation as well as the
involvement of the target societies, the modernity can attain the marginalisation of their
commitments, the creativity as well as the encouragement of the intercession approaches. In this,
the intrusion strategies have become a compulsory strategy and such a plan can specifically be
unsuccessful to concept the suitable ideas of the casual influences of the communal constructions
as well as the part of the social agency in reconstructing the societal kindred in general (Bosley
and Knorr, 2018). Furthermore, another fascinating dimness of this philosophy is that is
specifically built on the settled reasons that illustrates that among the lined model of the socio-
economic expansion, the alterations are generally originated externally. In this, the deterministic
reasons provide the petite area for the mutual relationships among connection from among the
more emerging area and from external the evolving area.
The ideas of modernisation generally destitute Africa. The theory generally fails to
acknowledge the ability as well as the maiden of the Africans. Rather than, it specifically places
the values on the superficially obtained aid without appearing to the suppressing conditionalities

attached to aid (Burns, 2021). In this, the failures of the philosophy to look towards such
conditionalities may exhibit the hidden hand behind the archbishop states claim of the theory to
Africa. Modernisation theory inflection on the dominance of the urban centre in the improvement
of Africa that is specifically a reason of worry in the modern-day sermon on the development of
Africa (Boykin, 2020).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it is concluded that the modernisation theory,
underdevelopment theory as well as the orthodox philosophy of the importance of the creative
forces have all been specifically forbidden in the above study. Although these such theories were
generally antagonistic towards each other, they eventually share the very three critical theories
imperfection such as each have a evolving sense, they each recite off the alterations in the
boundary from requirements of the main and the last they may part a same construct of
advancement. In this, it is concluded that there are the other factors that can effectively ease as
well as expedited the process of modernisation such as the accomplishment in the field of
science and technology, speedy increase of the urbanization as well as industrialization, the
defence mechanism of the social life, the egress of a rational prospect in each walk of the life and
many more.

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