Africa's Trade, Economy, and Health: A Comparative Analysis Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of Africa's trade patterns, economy, and health situation, with a specific focus on Rwanda, Nigeria, and Egypt. It begins with an overview of general African statistics, including trade patterns, religion, economy, and imports/exports. The report then compares the economies, trade patterns, import/export activities, and corruption levels of Rwanda, Nigeria, and Egypt. Finally, it examines the health situation in general Africa, Nigeria, Egypt, and Rwanda, highlighting key challenges such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, and access to healthcare. The report uses data from sources like WHO, UNICEF, and Transparency International to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current conditions in these African countries, offering valuable insights into their economic and social landscapes. Desklib provides access to similar past papers and solved assignments for students.

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................2
BODY................................................................................................................................................3
HEADER 1 STATISTICS ABOUT GENERAL AFRICA.........................................................................3
TRADE PATTERNS.....................................................................................................................3
RELIGION..................................................................................................................................3
ECONOMY................................................................................................................................3
IMPORTS/EXPORTS..................................................................................................................4
HEADER 2 SPECIFIES FOR RWANDA, NIGERIA AND EGYPT (COMPARISON)...............................4
ECONOMIES.............................................................................................................................4
TRADE PATTERNS.....................................................................................................................5
IMPORTS/EXPORTS..................................................................................................................5
CORRUPTION...........................................................................................................................6
HEADER 3 HEALTH AND SITUATION............................................................................................7
WHAT IS IT LIKE IN GENERAL AFRICA?.....................................................................................7
WHAT IS IT LIKE IN NIGERIA AND EGYPT?...............................................................................7
WHAT IS IT LIKE IN RWANDA?.................................................................................................7
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
The current report is going to be bifurcated in three main headers where the first one will
contain the statistical data for general Africa and the other three countries; Egypt, Nigeria and
Rwanda. The description of the statistics will be based on the general data about the business
trade patterns in these countries with the description of the religion. In addition to this, the
document will also comprise the facts and figures about the economy of these countries with
the imports and export patterns.
In the next header the report will show the specifies about the Rwanda, Nigeria and Egypt
where these three countries are compared on the subjects of economics, their trade patterns
within an outside the countries, import and export processes and the level of corruption in the
government which affect the above factors and whole economy of countries. Finally, the last
header is the report is going to be on the issue of health and the current situation in general
Africa first, then of Nigeria and Egypt and lastly of Rwanda. The overall study will be going to be
very beneficial for the people as it describes the present condition of the African countries
regarding the basic characteristics.
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BODY
HEADER 1 STATISTICS ABOUT GENERAL AFRICA
TRADE PATTERNS
Africa is amongst one of the weakest economies in terms of trade and its integration. Despite
the numerous efforts made by the governments that can improve the situation of the country’s
business activities. The whole continent is relying on the traditional ways to enhance their
business activities and explore their business to new locations, but the ear of technology has
laid back the trade position if Africa. There are countries like Egypt and Egypt where the overall
businesses are basically based on the food and spices or rather on the travel and tourism sector
(Eisenman, 2012). So, there is a need to introduce advanced technologies for several business
activities like marketing, production, research etc. to achieve the success and gain a substantial
position in business for future changes.
RELIGION
The maximum population in African countries are Muslims and Christians. Religion in Africa has
the multifaceted involvement of the culture, art and philosophies of old people. The continent’s
population is majorly adherents of the Muslim, Christian and other people from traditional
African communities resides majorly in the non-urban areas. Africa encompasses a rich variety
of the people involved in traditional beliefs and customs regarding their ancestors and
locations. The major countries like Nigeria and Egypt are quite developed in terms of
technology and beliefs as people are now moving towards the urban areas to earn their
livelihoods. In addition to this, the percentage of indigenous people is significantly high in most
of the regions of the continent which contributes a big part of the aspects that describe the
continent (Trinitapoli & Weinreb, 2012).
ECONOMY
The governments of the countries in Africa are trying really hard to attain a financial stability
situation so as to enhance the popularity of the African countries, its businesses, culture and
explore the world and event attract people from the world. Despite Nigeria is the largest
economy on the continent but even it is far away from the other countries or we can say
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developing countries of the world (Ogbonna & Ebimobowei, 2012). The governments are
introducing the possible strategies to develop their trade activities, import and export ratios
and increase visitors from the world to visit their states and understood their cultures and
history. Countries are enforcing free-market reforms, finance availability to the growing and
innovative business ideas so that they can attain popularity in the world. Most of the
economies of Africa are seen as the traditional or indigenous that affects the perception of
foreigners towards Africa.
IMPORTS/EXPORTS
Botswana and South Africa are the biggest exporting countries of Africa since Africa is the
largest producer of gold and diamonds. South Africa has developed well-equipped systems to
monitor the expansion of the trades and exploration in the world. African countries are also
rich in palm oils, cocoa, timber and some other precious metals which enables it to become a
major exporter region of the world. At the same time, the data about the imports says that
many countries in Africa have issues from the scarcity of food items and most basic facilities
which can satisfy a normal person (Rakotoarisoa, et al. 2011). These forces the governments to
import numerous items from the world regarding the basic needs of people. countries of Africa
majorly import the technology, machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products,
food and household items.
HEADER 2 SPECIFIES FOR RWANDA, NIGERIA AND EGYPT
(COMPARISON)
ECONOMIES
The economy of Rwanda has seen some advancements and achievements but the lack of
sustainable and defeating policies and fiscal policies lay back the country. The previous
structure reforms and adaption of the frameworks in the trade and economy have led to gain
some benefits. In addition to this, the government is working on making the judiciary policies to
make the business more easy and beneficial. At the same time, the economy of Nigeria is facing
problems due to lack of resources. The perception of people that the implementation of new
regulations may lead to more instability in businesses stops people from advancing. In addition
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to this, Egypt is in a more better position that these other countries in terms of economic
exposure as it has numerous factors that enhance its international trade.
TRADE PATTERNS
The patterns of trade in Rwanda describe its economic freedom position which is 69.1 which
lead it to be the 39th freest economy of the world. The business is facing rapid changes in their
businesses with respect to the advancement in technologies and lifestyle of people. these have
greatly affected the trade patterns, in addition to this, Rwanda has a government which forces
entry of multinational companies so that their economy can be increased. In Nigeria, the trade
patterns are basically run on pretty low freedom rate. Here, the position of Egypt is still high as
it has numerous business activities that relate to the international business activities (Page,
2012). While the reports of international standards described that the lifestyle of people in
Egypt is still very low.
IMPORTS/EXPORTS
In imports and exports activities of Rwanda has seen a significant increase since the 1980’s with
quite pleasant economic growth. The country is the 101st largest exporter of the world that
sums to around $620M and have import business which contributes around $1.8B to the world.
Figure 1: Rwanda’s Import/Export Situation
Source: [https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/rwa/]
In Nigeria, the situation of the imports and exports is much better than Rwanda, but it occupies
the 107th position in the list of most complex economies. The exports in the country are $47B in
2015 and imports of $40B in 2015.
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Figure 2: Nigeria’s Import/Export Situation
Source: [https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/nga/]
With respect to Egypt, the position is much high than other two. It occupies the 52nd position
in largest import and export businesses. The total imports sums to $35B while in exports were
of $57B in 2015.
Figure 3: Egypt’s Import/Export Situation
Source: [https://atlas.media.mit.edu/en/profile/country/egy/]
CORRUPTION
Most of the African countries are suffering from deep corruption in their systems and
businesses. In Rwanda, the corruption rate is very less than other countries in Africa which is
the result of the government's firm policies which are recently updated (Asongu, 2013). In
International 2016 Corruption Index, it is 50th position as of the least corrupted countries.
Contradictory to this, Nigeria is listed among one of the most corrupted countries. The report of
Transparency International and other organizations has nothing good to show for Nigeria in
terms of corruption rate. Egypt, the corruption is one of the most affecting factors in
businesses. The country is suffering from the Bribery, embezzlement, tampering with the
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official papers of the country. The people are used to with the bribe (Baksheesh) to make their
tasks fast and easy than others (Mbaku, 2010).
HEADER 3 HEALTH AND SITUATION
WHAT IS IT LIKE IN GENERAL AFRICA?
According to WHO, there are around 890million people residing in 47 countries of Africa which
clearly shows the situation of the healthcare facilities and the abilities of the governments of
African countries. People are suffering from most severe diseases in Africa even after the
implementation of several remedial actions by the governments. Africa accounts for around
11% of total population but 60% people are suffering from HIV/AIDS (Trinitapoli & Weinreb,
2012). In addition to this, around 300- 500 people are suffering from malaria due to lack of
healthcare facilities and majorly due to hygiene issues (WHO, 2018). Moreover, people in Africa
also suffering from newest born viruses which stop people of other countries to visit them.
WHAT IS IT LIKE IN NIGERIA AND EGYPT?
According to the web site of the Nigerian government, the country is committed to providing
best and universal healthcare facilities. Since most of the population is below poverty level so
there is a need to avail skilled resources in terms of doctors in the country which requires best
education systems. Currently, people in Nigeria has ranked 158 among all 177 countries in
human development index (UNICEF, 2018). While the health situation of people in Egypt is
quite stable as people are educated and know the importance of having hygiene around them.
in addition to this the government Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) provides
numerous facilities to avail best health care facilities and treatment from the best doctors. The
country is well equipped with preventive care units, primary health care units, research
laborites, endemic care units, pharmaceutical companies etc. that enables it to be one of the
healthiest countries in the globe (Chidester, 2012).
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Figure 4: Health Situation in Africa
Source: [https://www.afrika-news.com/malaria-vaccine-october/]
WHAT IS IT LIKE IN RWANDA?
The health situation of people in Rwanda is working to develop its health and social care
facilities for its people. the major problem in the country is the increasing rate of HIV/AIDS and
other diseases like malaria, dengue, etc. with some cases of newborn viral diseases. It has been
estimated that around 420,000 people are HIV positive. This epidemic is one of the major
concern of the government as they have to control their people and make them educated to
understand the consequences of HIV positive. This will require lots of resources, time and
support of the people all over the country (Martín, 2012).
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REFERENCES
1. WHO, (2018). Atlas of African Health Statistics 2016 - Health situation analysis of the
African Region, online available at http://www.aho.afro.who.int/en/atlas/atlas-african-
health-statistics-2016-health-situation-analysis-of-the-african-region last accessed on
10th March 2018.
2. UNICEF, (2018). The Nigerian situation, online available at
https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/1971_2199.html last accessed on 10th March 2018.
3. Eisenman, J. (2012). China–Africa trade patterns: causes and consequences. Journal of
Contemporary China, 21(77), 793-810.
4. Trinitapoli, J., & Weinreb, A. (2012). Religion and AIDS in Africa. Oxford University Press.
5. Chidester, D. (2012). Wild religion: Tracking the sacred in South Africa. Univ of California
Press.
6. Rakotoarisoa, M., Iafrate, M., & Paschali, M. (2011). Why has Africa become a net food
importer. Rome: FAO.
7. Page, J. (2012). can Africa industrialise?. Journal of African Economies, 21(suppl_2), ii86-
ii124.
8. Ogbonna, G. N., & Ebimobowei, A. (2012). Impact of petroleum revenue and the
economy of Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Economic Theory, 4(2), 11-17.
9. Asongu, S. A. (2013). Fighting corruption in Africa: do existing corruption-control levels
matter?. International Journal of Development Issues, 12(1), 36-52.
10. Mbaku, J. M. (2010). Corruption in Africa: Causes, consequences, and cleanups.
Lexington Books.
11. Martín, J. A. R. (2012). An index of child health in the least developed countries (LDCs) of
Africa. Social Indicators Research, 105(3), 309-322.
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