Knowledge Assessment: Aged Care Service Delivery and Wellbeing

This document provides a comprehensive overview of aged care service delivery models, focusing on residential care, respite care, and home and community care. It addresses the standards within the aged care sector, including legal and ethical requirements such as privacy, confidentiality, duty of care, dignity of risk, human rights, discrimination, mandatory reporting, and work role boundaries. The assessment further explores basic human needs (physical, psychological, spiritual, cultural, and sexual) and the concept of self-actualization in aged care. Additionally, it covers the stages of human development across the lifespan, the aspects of wellbeing (physical, psychological, social, spiritual, cultural, financial, and career/professional), and the impact of individual differences on providing support to clients. The document concludes with a discussion on the requirements for good health in older individuals and common mental health issues, including risk and protective factors.

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Knowledge Assessment
Part 1: Individualised Support
Describe the following service delivery models in aged care.
Residential care This service involves ensuring that the elderly are under a roof in
their elderly age. The number of the aged is gradually increasing
and therefore the housing services in the country should be
increased to cater for more elders.
Respite care This is a type of service that ensures the caregivers receive relief
help in the healthcare, facilities and in the homes for the elderly.
The relief help offered to them helps them in offering care services
to the elderly.
Home and community
care
This service provides palliative care to the elderly in a certain area
or location. The model ensures that there is health specialist who is
allocated in the area specifically to take care of the elderly whenever
they have an issue with their health.

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Consider the standards of service delivery models in the aged care sector.
List two standards of residential aged care as set by Accreditation Standards.
List two standards of home care as set by Home Care Common Standards.
Residential care
There are standards that must be met when offering this service:
The service providers should observe personal health and hygiene
before administering care to the service users and in this case, the
aged.
Both the providers and service users should operate in a safe
physical environment and systems.
Home and community
care
Effective management should be evident in the care delivery
services.
The service users should be exposed to their rights and
responsibilities.
Briefly explain how the following legal and ethical requirements are applied in the care
service industry.
Guidance: include how it is implemented by care service organisations and individual
workers

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Privacy, Confidentiality
and Disclosure
This legal requirement ensures that the information of the aged
under these care services are kept safe and that it is not exposed
to a third party or people outside the organisation unless the
service givers get permission to do so from them. This
information may include their names, signatures, telephone
numbers, etc.
Duty of Care
This legal and ethical requirement ensures that belongings of the
aged is not interfered with without them offering credit. This
ethical requirement service care provides preventative measures
that ensures that the aged are free from discrimination and
neglect.
Dignity of Risk
This legal requirement ensures that the privacy of the aged is not
interfered with. It also ensures that the service users are given the
respect they deserve. For instance, the privacy of their rooms
should be provided by knocking before getting into their rooms.
Human Rights
This requirement ensures that the rights and responsibilities of
the service users are made known to them. They should not be
denied their rights despite them being vulnerable.

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Discrimination
The aged in the care service industries should not be
discriminated in any way. Equality and equity should be
observed in rendering services to them without considering any
gender discrimination.
Mandatory Reporting
Mandatory reporting is another ethical requirement applied in the
care service industry which allows the people working in various
occupations to report any case of abuse or neglect of the elderly
to the government entities.
Work Role Boundaries –
Responsibilities and
Limitations
Work role and boundaries is another ethical requirement applied
in the care service industry which make sure that all the service
providers work within their respective organizations therefore
providing quality care. There are responsibilities that the aged in
these industries ought to perform such as following the schedule
set for them to follow.

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Part 2: Independence and Wellbeing
Provide a brief description of each of the following basic human needs.
Basic human needs Description
a. Physical Physical needs such as food, water, clothing and shelter should
be provided the aged in the care service organizations. Lack of
one of these needs makes their leaving unbearable and therefore
these needs should be offered for the service users to survive.
b. Psychological These needs are more of emotional needs. Emotional stability is
very crucial in one’s lifespan. It allows one to be able to operate
and perform activities normally.
c. Spiritual the spiritual need which entails individuals’ beliefs. Spiritual
needs help in dealing with inner wounds and helps in gradual
inner healing.
d. Cultural Cultural human needs include the personal backgrounds and
society’s ethics that an individual is grounded on. An individual
should be allowed to continue with the belief he/she was
brought up with as long as they are not against the law.
e. Sexual This type of need entails that no individual should be assaulted
sexually. In this case, the old people under care service should

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be protected from sexual abuse.

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Explain briefly the concept of self-actualisation as it relates to aged care.
Self-actualization encourages self-reflection and self-appreciation and this helps the aged to
feel important when they realize they have made some progress in their lifetime.
This concept enables the aged to look back how they have lived their lives and what they
have achieved and they feel good about the achievements and they sometimes extend their
knowledge to help the younger generation in achieving better in life.
Describe the following stages of human development across the lifespan.
Life Stages Description
a. Infancy This is a stage of life that starts from birth till when the infant is
one year old. During this stage of life is where an infant learns
how to trust or lack trust on other people according to how they
are treated.
b. Early Childhood This stage human development starts from 2-3 years of age.
At this stage of development, individual learn to be autonomous.
It is also at this stage that a toddler may develop self-esteem
depending on how the care giver brings them up.

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c. Preschool Age It begins from 3-6 years of age. At this stage the child is curious
and outgoing in exploring new this. If appreciated, the
individual ends up being so innovative.
d. School Age This stage of development starts when a child is 7 years old to
12 years old. At this stage of life, the kid is so active in games
and making new friends and this set a base of a relationship the
child will have with the world in future.
e. Adolescence 12-18 years of age. At this stage, an individual starts to
experience changes both physically and emotionally. They start
showing features of adults, i.e., body changes.
f. Early adulthood Early adulthood starts from 20 years to about 35 years of age. At
this stage, one can experience either intimacy or isolation. It is
at this stage of life that one gets a life partner.
g. Adulthood This stage is between 25 years of age to about 45 years. In this
stage of life, one is responsible and earns a living for himself
and those under his/her care.
h. Maturity This stage ranges from 50 years of age and above. It’s a stage of
reflection where one tries to count out successes and failures
one has had in the course of their life-time

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Describe the following aspects of wellbeing.
Aspects of wellbeing Description
a. Physical This type of wellbeing is where one is physically fit. One is not
suffering from physical pain and hurt and the individual is
healthy.
b. Psychological This is a state when on is not experiencing any emotional
torture. When one is psychologically well, they experience joy
and happiness and peace of mind.
c. Social Social well being is a state when an individual is socially
accepted and relates well with everyone around them.
d. Spiritual This type of well being is when one is in a position to serve and
follow doctrine willingly without any pressure from others or
states. A spiritually well individual serves and keeps doctrines
and beliefs without struggle.
e. Cultural This type of wellbeing enables individuals in a society to fit in
to their beliefs, ethics and norms of the community without
being forced to do so. These cultural values are mostly in line
with the law and hence one is able in live by them.

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f. Financial This is a state where an individual has enough finances to cater
for their individual needs.
g. Career/Professional This type of wellbeing is when one is contented with the career
he/she is pursuing and enjoys every minute of hi/her life in the
field.

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Consider the individual differences among people.
Briefly discuss how these individual differences are interrelated.
Briefly discuss how these individual differences may impact on the provision of support to
clients.
Every individual is unique in one way or another. The differences between individuals are
interrelated various ways such that what one individual is poor at, another person is best at
the activity. The diversity of these differences helps people to grow together as there is
dependence and this helps in bringing harmony amongst people. Also, through these
differences and the dependence amongst people, advanced ideas are made when they come
together and this helps in pursuing greater things leading to improved standards of life.
Provide a brief description of the following basic requirements for good health of an older
individual.
Requirements for good
health
How it applies to older individuals
a. mental health
Older individuals are prone to mental disorders. Some tends to
lose their memories at their older ages and hence the care givers
should be aware of this so as they may not overreact in case the

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older people under their care starts experiencing this.
b. nutrition and hydration
At their older age, people tend to find it hard to eat hard food as
their used to eat in their early ages. Therefore, their diet should
be much observed so that they may not end up consuming one
type of food which may make the lack nutrients in their bodies
and this may expose them to diseases.
c. exercise
Body exercises are very important to the older people since they
stretch out their muscles and prevents their bones from getting
compact which makes them not to get wearly too early.
Exercises also helps the aged to become active despite their old
age and this makes them pursue their activities normally.
d. hygiene
The aged should observe hygiene at close proximity because
they are prone to chronic diseases due to their poor immunity as
one gets old.
e. lifestyle
This refers to the state of living, values and attitudes of an
individual. the aged should be exposed to a good lifestyle for
them to have good health. Their way of feeding is a lidestyle in
itself that should be keenly observed for sake of a healthy life
f. oral health
This requirement ensures that the teeth of the elderly are taken
care of to avoid losing teeth which is a major problem in the
older age. The teeth should be cleaned properly and they should