Ageing Population in the UK: Analyzing Causes, Effects, and Solutions

This essay provides an analysis of the ageing population in the United Kingdom, examining its causes, effects, and potential solutions. The essay begins by evaluating four reliable sources discussing the macroeconomic implications, challenges, and future trends related to the ageing demographic. It then presents an essay outline, detailing the structure, key points, and supporting evidence for each paragraph, including topics such as the issues faced by the aged population, the reasons these are legitimate concerns, the effects on the nation's economy, and plausible areas of resolution. The essay explores factors like impaired technology use, increased pressure on healthcare, low population growth, and decline in the workforce. It concludes by recommending strategies like increasing the retirement age and involving the aged population in the workforce to address the economic challenges posed by an ageing society. The essay also includes a reference list of relevant sources. Desklib provides access to similar past papers and solved assignments for students.

Candidate Number:_______________
ACADEMIC ENGLISH SKILLS COURSEWORK 1
SOURCE EVALUATION AND ESSAY OUTLINE
Essay title:
Ageing Population in the United Kingdom – Causes, Effect and Solutions.
Part 1: Source Evaluation [Explanation of why you have selected the sources for use.]
Complete the table below for FOUR sources you have found which are reliable and relevant for
your essay. You should not use sources you were given in this section
EVALUATION 1
Reference:
Bloom, D.E., Chatterji, S., Kowal, P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., McKee, M., Rechel, B., Rosenberg,
L. and Smith, J.P., 2015. Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected
policy responses. The Lancet, 385(9968), pp.649-657.
Why have you chosen this source? Assess its credibility with reference to: authority,
reliability of evidence or data, currency, objectivity and the use of expected academic
conventions.
This source is highly relevant for the discussion on this issue since it provides the concerned
readers with an insight into the macroeconomic issues that are relevant in case of the aged
population of the country. The source has been published in one of the prestigious journals in the
recent times and thus can be claimed to have been authentic as well as reliable for the completion
of the essay.

How is the source relevant to your title?
This source is highly relevant in this matter since it sheds major light on the economic factors that
are faced by the country due to the alarming increase in the aged population of the United
Kingdom.
Useful points made in the text are:
 Economic factors within the country
 Rise of the expenditure on the part of the country
 Increased pressure on the economy of the country due to the increase of the pressure in the
health sector.
EVALUATION 2
Reference:
Parliament.uk (2015). Challenges of an ageing population. [online] UK Parliament. Available
at: https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-parliament-2015/
social-change/ageing-population/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2019].
Why have you chosen this source? Assess its credibility with reference to: authority,
reliability of evidence or data, currency, objectivity and the use of expected academic
conventions.
This source is published by the parliament of the United Kingdom in the year 2015 and is known to
have been demonstrating the several problems that are resulting from the increasing ageing
population within the country. The source was published in the year 2015 and can be considered to
be a valid source of information till date. This source can find the proper usage as an authentic
academic source given the source and the currency of the information that is stated within the
source.
.
How is the source relevant to your title?
The source is majorly relevant due to the fact that the concerned article deals with the issues that
are faced within the country due to the increase in the ageing population of the country. This
includes the pressure on the financial aspects of the country, the decline in the ratio that needs to be
maintained within the country’s working population and the pensioners. The source further
discusses the increase in the national expenditure that is caused while providing for the pensioned
citizens of the country as well as the service that needs to be provided to the elderly in terms of the
protection and the health issues.
Useful points made in the text are:
 Issues in the extra pressure on the public finance schemes
 Greater amount of national expenditure.
 The decline in the ratio between the working population and the pensioners in the
country.

EVALUATION 3
Reference:
21stcenturychallenges.org 2019. UK ageing population. [online] 21st Century Challenges.
Available at: https://21stcenturychallenges.org/britains-ageing-population/ [Accessed 13 Feb.
2019].
Why have you chosen this source? Assess its credibility with reference to: authority,
reliability of evidence or data, currency, objectivity and the use of expected academic
conventions.
This source further helps with the insight on the issues that are posed by the increase in the ageing
population of the country. The source presents a proper depiction of the current scenario within the
country and further helps with the discussion on the issues that have been on the rise due to the
ageing of a greater section of the population within the country. The source was published in the
recent years and can be considered to be a valid source of information till date. This source can find
the proper usage as an authentic academic source given the source and the currency of the
information that is stated within the source.
How is the source relevant to your title?
The source is highly relevant in this study due to the proper presentation of the facts and the major
problems that are faced by the country due to the higher number of the ageing population within the
country. The source discusses the various factors within the country that are affected due to the
increase in the ageing population of the country. The other major factor that is discussed within the
source provides an insight in to the issues faced by the country due to the increase in the ageing
population of the country, the effects of those issues and the ways that might resolve the issues.
Useful points made in the text are:
 Decline in the fertility rate
 Rise in the life expectancy of the residents of the country
 The gaps that are found in the job markets
 Increase of the pressure on the social services and healthcare systems.
EVALUATION 4
Reference:
Damodaran, L. and Olphert, W., 2015. How are attitudes and behaviours to the ageing
process changing in light of new media and new technology? How might these continue to
evolve by 2025 and 2040?. The Government Office for Science–Foresight, Future of an ageing
population: evidence review.

Why have you chosen this source? Assess its credibility with reference to: authority,
reliability of evidence or data, currency, objectivity and the use of expected academic
conventions.
This source has been chosen since it offers the readers with the proper insight in to the future of the
ageing population residing with the United Kingdom. The source has been published recently from
one of the governmental bodies that is responsible for the implementation of the scientific and
technological researches in the fields that are relevant for the ageing population of the country as
well. The data that is presented within the article can be considered to be authentic due to the major
amount of accuracy that is demonstrated by the authors of the article.
How is the source relevant to your title?
The source is hugely relevant to the topic since it provides the readers with the insight on the future
of the ageing population within the country. The source completes the major actions that are
presented due to the high amount of the increase within the ageing population of the country. The
source is important since it discusses the changes that are experienced by the aged people within
the country in terms of their own experience, the changes that are observed in the behaviours and
the attitudes of the other people towards the aged.
Useful points made in the text are:
 Changes in the ageing experience
 Changes in behaviours and the attitudes of the other people towards the aged
 Advantages and the use of technology by the aged population.

Part 2: Essay Outline
Provide a clear plan of your essay, including the key points you will include, and the sources you
will use to support your points. You can use the sources you were given, as well as your own
sources.
Title: Ageing Population in the United Kingdom – Causes, Effect and Solutions.
Plan for overall structure
Introduction
P1. Issues faced by the aged population
P2. Reasons for considering them to be proper and legitimate issues
P3. Effects of the issues on the nation
P4. Plausible areas of resolution
P5. Major activities that might resolve the issues
Conclusion
Introductory paragraph structure
Background Aged population within a country majorly refers to the residents of the nation
who have lived past the age of retirement from their services.
Outline The essay opens with the discussion on the issues faced by the aged population
of United Kingdom and proceeds to put forth the reasons that justify these as
issues. The essay then discusses the overall effects of the issues on the nation.
The essay then puts forth some plausible resolutions that might help in the
diminishing of the issues. The essay nears its conclusion with the discussion on
the most promising resolutions of the issue.
Thesis
statement
The ageing population of the United Kingdom has been posing an array of issues
within the country which might lead to serious conditions in the economy of the
country.
Paragraph 1 Topic sentence
The aged population of the country faces issues due to the lack of proper guidance and habit
of using technology.
Supporting points Evidence / example/ data Citation
Impaired use of
comparatively new
technologies.
The aged people are unable to cope up
with the latest technology with ease.
(Parliament.uk 2015)

Increase in the pressure on
the health sectors
Low amount of workforce in the health
sector as well
(21stcenturychallenges.org
2019)
Increase in pressure on
economy
The increase in the national
expenditure due to increase in number
of pensioners
(Damodaran and Olphert
2015)
Concluding / linking sentence
These issues actually pose a threat to the economy of the nation as well.
Paragraph 2 Topic sentence
The issues that are presented are known to be affecting the nation’s economy due to various
reasons.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Low population growth rate
Decline in the fertility rate
(21stcenturychallenges.org 2019)
Decrease in the workforce
of the nation
Decrease in the life
expectancy
(Bloom et al. 2015)
Decline in the income rates
within the country.
Decline in the ratio between
the working population and
the pensioners in the
country.
(Office for National Statistics 2018)
Concluding / linking sentence
These issues need to be resolved in order to maintain a healthy balance in the economy.
Paragraph 3 Topic sentence
These factors tend to affect the economy and the stability of the national economy as well as
society.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Decline in the ratio between
the working population and
the pensioners in the
country.
High rise in the number of
pensioners in the country
(Parliament.uk 2015)
Increase in the expenditure
of the country
Increase in the pension
amount that needs to be
distributed
(Damodaran and Olphert 2015)

Pressure in the health sector Increase in the number of
care takers as compared to
the caregivers
(Jung 2016)
Concluding / linking sentence
These might help in planning the expenditure of the country as well as help in arresting it.
Paragraph 4 Topic sentence
Recommendations on the ways to arrest the expenditure without compromising on the aged care.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Increase in the age of the
retirement
Expansion of the job market (Pettinger 2016)
Increase in the volunteer
force
Increasing the number of
the volunteer intake in the
healthcare industry.
(21stcenturychallenges.org 2019)
Increase in the revenue
scale thereby motivating the
workforce.
Development of the
economy through
employment of skilled
force.
(Abramson 2016)
Paragraph 5 Topic sentence
The most plausible and practical of the above discussed measures is the involvement of the aged
population in the workforce.
Support Evidence / example/ data Citation
Increase in the national
income.
Increase in the active
workforce.
(Parliament.uk 2015)
Increase in the involvement
of the aged in national
development
Development of the nation
in terms of the economy.
(Damodaran and Olphert 2015)
Alternative job offers for
people retiring from the
armed forces.
Decrease in the national
expenditure for payment of
pension.
(Bloom et al. 2015)

Conclusion
Thus, from the above discussion, it might be stated that the aged population should also be involved
in the development of the nation. This would help in the eradication of the issues faced by the
nation as well as help in the proper overall growth of the nation.
Part 3: Sources
Write a reference list for at least SIX sources which you have found yourself. You should also
include the two sources you were given if you plan to use them in your essay.
21stcenturychallenges.org 2019. UK ageing population. [online] 21st Century Challenges. Available
at: https://21stcenturychallenges.org/britains-ageing-population/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2019].
Abramson, C.M., 2016. Unequal aging: Lessons from inequality’s end game. Public Policy & Aging
Report, 26(2), pp.68-72.
Bloom, D.E., Chatterji, S., Kowal, P., Lloyd-Sherlock, P., McKee, M., Rechel, B., Rosenberg, L. and
Smith, J.P., 2015. Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected policy
responses. The Lancet, 385(9968), pp.649-657.
Damodaran, L. and Olphert, W., 2015. How are attitudes and behaviours to the ageing process
changing in light of new media and new technology? How might these continue to evolve by 2025
and 2040?. The Government Office for Science–Foresight, Future of an ageing population: evidence
review.
Jung, M., 2016. Challenges of Multimorbidities in the Era of an Aging Population. The health care
manager, 35(2), pp.134-143.
Office for National Statistics, 2018. Overview of the UK Population: November 2018. [online]
Available at: <https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/
populationestimates/articles/overviewoftheukpopulation/november2018> [Accessed 20th November
2018]
Pettinger, T., 2016. The impact of an ageing population on the economy. Economics Help [online]
Available at: <https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/8950/society/impact-ageing-population-
economy/> [Accessed 20th November 2018]
Parliament.uk 2015. Challenges of an ageing population. [online] UK Parliament. Available at:
https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-parliament-2015/social-
change/ageing-population/ [Accessed 13 Feb. 2019].