Information Systems Analysis and Design: Agile HIS Development Report

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COIT 20248: Information Systems Analysis and Design
Term 1, 2019
Assessment 1 - Systems Development
Lecturer: Lecturer Name
Tutor: Tutor Name
Prepared by:
Student Name

Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Aim....................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Objective..............................................................................................................................4
2. Approaches to System Development.........................................................................................6
2.1 Agile Methodology of system development........................................................................7
2.2 Why Agile Methodology for designing of Hospital Information system..............................7
3. System Requirement..................................................................................................................9
4. Project Cost-Benefit Analysis...................................................................................................11
5. Project Schedule...................................................................................................................... 12
5.1 Work breakdown structure................................................................................................12
5.2 Gantt chart......................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 Relationship between WBS and Gantt chart......................................................................13
6. System Information Requirement Investigation Techniques...................................................14
6.1 Stakeholders Roles.............................................................................................................14
6.2 Investigation Techniques................................................................................................... 15
7. Reflection and Conclusion........................................................................................................17
7.1 Reflection........................................................................................................................... 17
7.2 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................17

8. References............................................................................................................................... 18
List of Figures
Figure 1: System Development Approaches..................................................................................6
Figure 2: Agile Methodology of software development................................................................7
Figure 3: Cost-Benefit Analysis.................................................................................................... 11
Figure 4: Work Breakdown Structure.......................................................................................... 12
Figure 5: Gantt Chart................................................................................................................... 13
List of Tables
Table 1: Factor justifying the use of Agile Methodology................................................................8
Table 2: functional and nonfunctional requirements of the system..............................................9
Table 3: Stakeholders Role...........................................................................................................14

1. Introduction
This report is based on designing and development of a Hospital Information Management
System (HIS). The report will address the issues regarding the management and the security of
a huge amount of data that is produced throughout the year round the clock. The data
regarding the personal information’s of the patients need to be secured and efficiently
managed for ensuring proper functioning and improvement of the clinical management
practices.
1.1 Aim
The aim of this project is designing of a Hospital Information System (HIS) for the management
of data wealth that is generated throughout 365 days of a year, including the short-term visits
of patients, the outpatient department management and the long duration stays of the
patient.HIS will mainly focus on the administration requirements of the hospital. Hospital
Information System (HIS) is an interoperable and automated information system that will help
in the improvement of the public and the medical health care facilities at increased efficiency,
lower cost, reduced cost and increase patient satisfaction along with that also initiate
reimbursement for inpatient and the ambulatory healthcare providers.
1.2 Objective
Following are the major objective of the development of the Hospital Information System (HIS):
Ensuring the safety, security, and privacy of the highly sensitive data that is stored in the
hospital system.
Designing a system with the latest technologies for providing a better experience for the
patients.
Designing software for managing all areas of the hospitals, financial, administrative and
medical.

Reducing the cost of operation and the cost of maintenance of the hospital operational
systems.
Ensuring better and increased coordination between different departments and
professionals in the hospital.
A single control point is provided for the top management activities.
Generating report regarding Management Information System (MIS) on demand that
will help better management of decisions.

2. Approaches to System Development
Different standardized approaches are followed during the development of an information
system that is termed as System Development Life Cycle (SLDC) that includes common phases
of a system development that includes planning, analyzing, designing, implementing and
maintenance. There are several system development methodologies based on the flexibility of
the approached for a specific project, traditional Waterfall model, Agile Method, Rapid
Application Development (RAD), etc. (Oinas-Kukkonen and Harjumaa, 2018).
Figure 1: System Development Approaches
Source: (Acodez, 2019)
The suitability of these system development approaches is based on the way of optimization of
the project that ranges from the structured and detailed approach of development of the
system to limited simple planning approach. For the designing and development of the Hospital
Information System (HIS)Agile method of the system, development is the suitable method for
effective and efficient management of the information.

2.1 Agile Methodology of system development
The agile method of software development approach involves the evolution of the solution and
the requirements through cross-functional and self-organizing the collaborative effort. Sprints
are used in these methods that use work sequences that are interactive and incremental. The
agile method of system development follows a sequential approach that is linear and it is
known for its flexibility during the changing requirements of the project during their
occurrence. It is basically a team-based approach to software development (Abrahamsson et.al,
2017).
Figure 2: Agile Methodology of software development
Source: (segue, 2019)
2.2 Why Agile Methodology for designing of Hospital Information system
The agile method of system development is the most appropriate as it does build the entire
system at a time rather it follows the incremental development strategy. Not much time is
invested in the analysis and documentation as constant and testing and documentation are

followed in this method. The constant feedback development during the entire development
phase helps in fulfilling the user requirements.
Table 1: Factor justifying the use of Agile Methodology
Project Factor Agile Methodology
Customer Availability The preference of the user is availed
throughout the project.
Features or scope Changes in the project are appreciated and
work in the undefined project scope.
Prioritization of features Prioritization of the features is done by the
value that ensures the implementation of the
features based on their value that minimize
the risk related to the unusable product at the
time of running out of funding.
Team A smaller and dedicated team is preferred
with more synchronization and coordination.
Funding Works better in time and with the material
provided according to the budget and does
not affect the project in case of any funding
variation (Stoica, et.al, 2013).

3. System Requirement
Table 2: functional and nonfunctional requirements of the system
Hospital Information System
Primary Functional Requirements Non- functional Requirements
UHI: Unique Health Identifier is required for
the patients that uniquely defines the health
condition of the patient and does not create
any problem between the patients.
The information system is required to be
designed such that the confidentiality,
security, and privacy of the information of
the patients are ensured.
“Break the glass feature” is required for the
patients that enable the quick registration
facility that will include the records of the
activities of the patient and the doctors in
terms of who, when and what is performed.
The notes and the information regarding
the patient's record are to be provided with
remote access with authorization.
Control of the access-based user and role with
biometric and password protection.
Tracking of all the materials in the medical
store that are moving to slow is required
ensuring that the stakeholders are
informed about the movements.
Outpatients should be provided with E-
prescription.
Maintaining a Management Information
System (MIS) for serving as de facto
registrations according to the legal
requirement and prevailing regulations and
rules is required.
Computerized Physician Order Entry
(CPOE)should be provided for other patients
excluding the outpatients and that will
manage the entries of all the patients
regarding their prescription and medication.
The individual charges of the investigation
and the total costs are required to be
known by the consultant that will help in
the consultant in prioritizing the ones that
are required to be performed first
according to affordability.
The Laboratory Information System (LIS),
Picture Archiving and Communication System
(PACS), Radiology Information System (RIS) is
required to be integrated with Electronic
Medical record (EMR) so that all the images
can be compared and viewed with the archived
images.
The system is required to check the
eligibility of the insurances and abilities to
accept the upfront deposit that covers the
estimated cost regarding patient care
(Wiegers and Beatty, 2013).
Automated system for the listing of items that
are near to expiry is required at least 90 days
before the expiry date.

Automated system for checking the EOQ
(Economic Order Quantity) and the levels of
reordering is required.
The barcoding system is required for tracking
the services, medication, and materials
provided to the patients.

4. Project Cost-Benefit Analysis
The strength and the weakness of Hospital Information system (HIS) will be determined by
project cost-benefit analysis. The cost-benefit analysis of the Hospital Information System that
is provided below help in understanding the outcomes of the project based in the investments
and the generation of revenue and advantages on development of new Hospital management
system (Newcomer et.al, 2015).
Cost/Benefit Analysis for HIS
Year of Project
year 0 year1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year 5 TOTALS
Net economic benefit $0.00 $318,000.00 $318,000.00 $318,000.00 $318,000.00 $318,000.00
Discount Rate 8% 1 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 0.7350 0.6806
PV Of Benefits $0.00 $294,444.44 $272,633.74 $252,438.65 $233,739.49 $216,425.46
NPV of all BENEFITS $0.00 $294,444.44 $567,078.19 $819,516.84 $1,053,256.34 $1,269,681.79 $4,174,471.94
One Time Costs $750,000.00
Recurring Costs $0.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00 $90,000.00
Discount Rate 8% 1.0000 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 0.7350 0.6806
PV Of Recurring Costs $0.00 $83,333.33 $77,160.49 $71,444.90 $66,152.69 $61,252.49
NPV Of All Costs $750,000.00 $833,333.33 $910,493.83 $981,938.73 $1,048,091.42 $1,109,343.90 $2,933,168.78
Overall NPV $1,241,303.16
Overall ROI = (Overall NPV / NPV Of All Costs 0.42
Break-Even Analysis
Yearly NPV Cash Flow $0.00 $211,111.11 $195,473.25 $180,993.75 $167,586.81 $155,172.97
Overall NPV Cash Flow $750,000.00 ($538,888.89) ($343,415.64) ($162,421.89) $5,164.92 $160,337.89
Project break-even occurs between years 2 and 3
Use 1st year of positive cash flow to calculate break-even fraction (180993.75-162421.89)/180993.75 = 0.1026
3 years + 136 days (0.1026*365)
OR
3.273 years
Figure 3: Cost-Benefit Analysis
The project become in profit after 3 years and 136 days as the initial cost of the project is
$75000, and the recurring cost for every year is $90000. The overall ROI of the project is 0.42.

5. Project Schedule
5.1 Work breakdown structure
Work Breakdown Structure is a breakdown of the work deliverables into small components. It
helps in the management of the deliverables of the project according to the assigned work for
specific teams. It represents the hierarchical deposition of the work that is to be executed
according to the user requirement (Kerzner, 2017).
Given below is the work breakdown structure of designing and development of the Hospital
Management System (HIS):
Figure 4: Work Breakdown Structure