MIS741 - Ethical Considerations for AI in Healthcare: Dilemma Analysis

This report provides an analysis of ethical considerations for Information Systems (IS) professionals, particularly in the context of designing Artificial Intelligence (AI) for automated health insurance policy design. It discusses the ethical principles that should govern individual and group conduct, emphasizing the importance of normative judgment and morality. The report highlights potential issues like delayed claims, unethical product distribution, and the complexity of policy terms. It outlines three essential steps for AI ethics: providing the best data, ensuring good oversight, and considering the ramifications of new technologies. Furthermore, it explores the application of AI in healthcare, including its potential to lower costs, optimize services, and improve decision-making. The report also touches upon the controversial interfaces like chatbots in insurance and the development of insurance products for the evolving economy. The document emphasizes the need for proper training, organizational culture alignment, healthy competition, and a fair commission structure to overcome unethical practices.

Running head: MORAL DILEMMA ANALYSIS
Assessment 2 – Moral Dilemma Analysis report
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note :

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Discussion........................................................................................................................................2
Ethical considerations that IS professionals must address..........................................................2
Three essential Steps for AI ethics..............................................................................................4
Artificial intelligence in healthcare.............................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9

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Introduction
The following report is all about analysing ethical consideration which needs to be taken
into account by IS professionals. It is mainly needed for designing artificial intelligence needed
for automating the automate health insure design at the time of offering a new health insurance
policy.
Discussion
Ethical considerations that IS professionals must address
Ethics can be stated principles of conducting the proper governing of an individual and
group. Ethical decisions mainly require two kinds of things. The first thing is all about
involvement of normative judgement (Hengstler, Enkel and Duelli 2016). This particular
judgment focus on the fact that proper judgment is either of two kinds that are good or bad. The
second thing that needs to be taken into account that is that it requires involvement of morality.
In the present standard, moral address mainly tends to address the overall behaviour of
consequence in the wellbeing of society. It cannot be used for establishment by making use of
decision in required body. It merely tends to override the present self-interest (Capone et al.,
2016). Various people take into account the right in a given situation while it is wrong in another
situation. It merely tends to highlight the fact that it can easily trigger much strong emotion. Any
kind of violation of the given moral standard can result in feeling of ashamed. Any kind of
violation of moral standard can result in feeling that individual can feel ashamed.
Ethics code aims to memorialize the given standard which is completely expected for
various employees to look for (Jothi and Husain 2015). One of the biggest code of ethics it that it
does not allow the employee how ethically they will act. Organization culture can be stated as

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one of the key values, characteristics, behaviour and tradition which is being shared by the
employee of the organization. Value is considered to be an important aspect which is needed for
guiding channel and overall behaviour (Patel and Patel 2016). This particular aspect mainly
depends on the whole idea which is needed for guiding behaviors. At present, the culture of the
organisation needs to provide clear signal which is as per the acceptable behaviour.
The overall foundation of insurance contract is completely based on integrity trust and
complete expectation of insurer. It is all about analyzing the overall amount that is paid in such a
way that it can be easily insured by various insurance holder (Hall and Pesenti, 2017). In some
cases, the settlement claims are delayed that is completed in claims or even required procedure
comes into picture which is much more than expectation of customer. Most of customer focus on
lodging campaign against the required authorities. The main reason mainly lies in the fault in
branding an unethical (Vuong et al., 2019). The major reason is behind the fault distribution of
the given products. The biggest factor that needs to be taken into account is the fault distribution
of required products. The major reason is due to fault distribution of required products. The
biggest factor that needs to be taken into account is the unethical practices that are being
distorted by requiring agents and distribution of insurance-related products.
The first and foremost thing that needs to be taken into account is all about understanding
of overall policy term that is being needed by customers. In some of the cases, the given
customer is convinced which is needed for understanding the required products as he could not
understand the thing that is being read (Al-Bayed and Naser 2017). In general, the given policies
are entirely written in legal languages. In the last few years, due to implementation of various
amendments, policy statements come into picture which is very complex. It becomes very much
difficult to have an understanding for most of the given customer. In most of the cases, the

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agents of the organization cannot have an understanding concerning terms of policies. Agents
will sell those particular policies of which they have complete understanding. The second reason
which needs to be taken into account is all about commissioning that is completely associated
with the given policy (Diprose and Buist 2016). The given policies are very attached towards
commissioning that is sold in enthusiastically way.
At the instance of policy selling, the point can be noted that agent is misinformed about
the customer. At the similar instances they have not explained the overall implication that is
usage of policy (Ahmed and Singh 2015). In the given scenario, both organisation and agent are
not liable to convey the given thing. It has ultimately led to sale which is not as per
understanding of customer that will result in problem in upcoming days.
Due to the pressure of achieving targets on the insurance agents and its distribution. In
most of the cases, it can result in ethical practices at the given grass level (Shafique et al., 2015).
The next is all about having an understanding the current gap between the expectation of
customer and insurability of the risk that is filled due to ethical practices of the given
salesperson. There are large number of steps to overcome various kind of ethical practices like
 Providing proper training of required training of ethics to the agents.
 It needs to be aligned with the organizational culture for the given ethical behaviour.
 Creation of healthy competition between the peers.
 Coming up with a proper commission structure which is needed by various
intermediaries.
Three essential Steps for AI ethics
There is some huge power of deep learning that helps in determining the given
parameters and required features. In the upcoming days, AI system can bring huge number of

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benefits that are needed for collecting the required data (Jiang et al., 2017). In most of the present
AI based solution completely depends on human who is needed for input parameter. It merely
inclusive of required data and best result that is identified by the help of learning like
enforcement leaning. At the instance of learning algorithm for understanding the best possible
way.
Need for providing the best data: AI-based algorithm is completely trained by the help of
data which is needed for building proper algorithm. By making use of algorithm, all the required
data are provided for understanding the diverse set of humans (Liew 2018). If the given
algorithm is making use of proper accurate or unethical decision, then sufficient data is not there
to provide the required training.
Providing good oversight: By the help of system governance, a clear picture with the
stakeholders of the project of artificial intelligence. A proper definition needs to be there for
automating the given process that requires human input (Rodrigues et al., 2018). There is a need
for assigning clear responsibility for all the given parts of the process along with its
accountability for any kind of errors in AI. There is need for setting out clear responsibilities that
are needed for development of AI (Ustundag and Cevikcan 2017). It is merely inclusive of both
monitoring and auditing algorithms which are needed for ensuring the bias for both creep in and
models that are still operating.
Taking account of Ramifications of New Technologies: For proper enforcement of
policies, there is a need of human to go for adjustment. Human need to make selection and
proper adjusting of given training data along with control of database (Golden 2017). There is a
need for proper assurance of the fact of how data can be transformed. AI-based technologies

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need to provide support for required incorrect or operation that is there outside the given
boundaries.
Artificial intelligence in healthcare
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered to be as one the megatrends which are emerging
from digitization of both society and economy. Smart AI mainly focus on attracting attention on
the present e-business, consumer goods and automotive (Yang et al., 2015). Siri is known to be
automotive voice on Apple iPhone. Two kinds of technologies that is Alexa and Automotive
electronic assistant is considered to be main example for changing the perception of public
business (Wong and Bressler 2016). Two kinds of technologies that is image recognition system
and self- driving cars are marked. Private sectorcomes up with the capacity of adopting new
technologies. Both self-learning software and cognitive system can be found by the help of value
chain and are on the verge of development, pricing tools and its forecasting (Ustundag and
Cevikcan 2017). It is all about making use of range of technologies like Chabot’s for better
customer service and delivery of drone. The application of artificial intelligence can help the
organization in lowering the overall cost and optimizing the required services. It is mainly
needed for better decision making and acceleration of given processes.
Artificial intelligence is being used in healthcare sector that comes up with possibilities
that artificial intelligence. It mainly tends to offer medical care and proper management of
patient in the beginning stage (Wong and Bressler 2016). The biggest progress till date is the use
of artificial intelligence that aims to provide medical centres which have been increasing at a
rapid rate. It is mainly needed by artificial intelligence use case which is needed for providing
medical centre that has been increasing at a much rapid rate. It is completely supported by proper
algorithm and automates the recognition pattern primitive data (Lee, Cheng and Ng, 2015).

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Artificial Intelligence comes up with amount of capability where cognitive system can help
managers inefficient use of screen cases (Shafique et al., 2015). This particular aspect will help
in evaluation much better decision making. Claim management will help the hospital in certain
areas which can bring huge number of benefits.
Machine- Learning comes up with huge number of application in the domain of finance
which classifies the required digitization of document to a list of things like search, chat boats
and lastly detection of fraud. At present, the space of insurance can provide huge number of
benefits of application like application of artificial intelligence and machine learning
(Sundaravadivel et al., 2018). This particular aspect will help the insurance organization with a
list of challenges that can change the whole insurance world at the instance of attracting and
meeting the overall needs of the customer (Diprose and Buist 2016). In the coming pages an idea
has been provided regarding how insurance carriers make use of technology in developing new
products which can attract new customers.
Controversial Interface: Various Insurance organisation around the globe makes use of
Chatbot for purchasing different kind of insurance. At present, insurance firm is focusing on the
fact of making investing in various controversial interface which is needed for catering the need
of customers. It is mainly needed for understanding the research products on the given website
(Elhoseny et al.,2018). It mainly comes into picture which is defined as on-demand insurance. At
present, insurance carriers are already providing a list of ways for purchasing of customer on
their smartphone application that is provided on their smartphone. There is list of carriers like
Lemonade that comes up with ability to insurance (Hengstler, Enkel and Duelli 2016). Chatbots
are considered to be as one of the primitive use of artificial intelligence in the instance of
insurance. National language processing comes up with huge number of application like chatbot

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that huge volume of data and customer support for ticket (Ustundag and Cevikcan 2017). It is
mainly needed by making use of email and direct application like Facebook Messenger.
Developing Insurance products for Economy: Insurance carriers focus on updating their
products that can easily fit as per the lifestyle as per the people. Insurance provider focuses on
people which creates product that can easily work for the present economy (Capone et al., 2016).
Only very people find themselves on organization which provide benefits to older generation.
Faster Claim Payouts: One of the biggest way the insurance carrier can attract the
required kind of contracts is all about offering them the people claim payouts at much faster rate
(Wong and Bressler 2016). The present claim procedure is extremely nascent and there are only
few vendors of AI that provides claim automation process at much faster rate (Jothi and Husain
2015). In most of the cases, it is observed that customer can easily file claim on their smartphone
application which might not require Chabot. As soon as the customer files a claim it is totally up
to the insurance carrier for understanding the payout of customer as soon as it is needed. It is
mainly needed for retaining the business of the customer (Patel and Patel 2016). At present, AI
vendors aim to offer claims by which adjustment of automation can be done which are more
often to auto insurance space.
Personalization of Insurance Products: There is large number of messaging application
which is used in preference to highly target market. Thegrown-up world is very much connected
which is needed for providing things at much faster rate (Hall and Pesenti, 2017). It is mainly
needed for translating various kind of insurance products at very need. Artificial Intelligence
aims to provide much better decision making for insurance on the required products that are
being offered.

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Bundling Products and Underwriting Automation: Insurance carriers focus on
collecting and organization of customer data. The complete method of underwriting can be
considered to be very much tough in nature and time taking (Vuong et al., 2019). AI-based
writing can be considered as one of the key areas that will allow the insurance organization with
bundle of products. Various organization around the globe are focusing on artificially
intelligence software for decision making. Machine learning software can easily speed up the
whole process of underwriting for huge number of products (Al-Bayed and Naser 2017). It
mainly focuses on perineum number of customers which need to focus on bundle of product that
provides required data concerning insurance carrier.
Internet of Things: With the use of more number of IoT based devices, the organization
is merely moving into required prevention that provides the coverage when the diseases appear.
There is a needed for proper tracking of the overall development in the last few years (Diprose
and Buist 2016). This particular aspect merely more secure at the instance of taking care of that
particular individual. Internet of Things (IoT) stated as one of the methods of data collection that
insurance the giants of collecting the overall consumer data. Program snapshot program will help
the customer to easily various customer to open up application on their mobile phone (Ahmed
and Singh 2015). It is all about installing the required devices in the car which can collect the
required data.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, the point can be concluded that this report is all about ethical
consideration which needs to be taken into account. It is mainly done in the design of artificial
intelligence based solution needed for automating decision of health insurer. It is mainly at the
time of providing new health insurance policy.

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