Argument Visualization: Human Rights for Intelligent Machines

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TOPICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ETHICS
ASSESSMENT ITEM 3
ARGUMENT VISUALISATION
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Article topic.....................................................................................................................................4
Ethical theories and application in the case study...........................................................................5
Screenshot of Mind map..................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9
Appendix........................................................................................................................................10
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Introduction
This report helps to identify the role and importance of the intelligent machines in human lives,
along with, the argument will be represented in this report about providing human rights to the
intelligent machines as normal humankind as well. The four major and important ethical theories
such as Contract, Utilitarianism, Virtue, and Deontology will be discussed in the given context
about the article as well in this report. All four theories will be very helpful in terms of
evaluating the consequences of providing human rights to intelligent machines which must have
negative impacts on the human race as well.
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Article topic
If computers think for themselves, should they have human rights?
The article highlights the role of computers and robotic machines intelligence in human lives and
their future. Machine intelligence will be able to manage rights as humans or not, the whole
study has been conducted over this argument. The role of robotic intelligence and their
importance will be discussed as well.
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Ethical theories and application in the case study
Machine intelligence is a huge growing part of modern science and those intelligent might have a
requirement of having human rights as the blood flesh humans so far. There are many possible
advantages and disadvantages of offering human rights to the machines. The following will be
the theories and their application in this case study.
Contract – According to this theory, people must live together in a society, it will establish more
ethical and moral accordance in the people in the society as well. As per this theory, if people
will live as a social contract, it will bring more choice through their own choice. It will be helpful
to bring harmony in society as well (Ast, 2019). The article helps to understand that the machines
have their own minds and they must have their own social identity, along with all human rights
as well. The machines would not be considered as humans and must not provide them any of
human rights or social identity because it will definitely be considered as an unhealthy decision
for the humankind as well. Machines which could have possible their own minds but it will not
become possible that those machines will have their emotional bits of intelligence or feelings as
humans have because it would definitely create problems for humans because machines are not
manageable or responsible for their actions in emotional intelligence situation as well. Human
beings and intelligent machines must be share common human rights because it would create
huge negative consequences as well (Ast, 2019).
Utilitarianism – It is one of those theories which help to promote actions which would be
helpful to maximize the well being and happiness among the population of the country as well.
This theory helps to make the rightness and wrongness of any act which depends on the motive
of the task as well. it helps to understand whether the actions are morally considered to be right
or wrong as well. The article makes an argument that some machines are pretty intelligent and
now they must have all the human rights and social identity because as per the article, they can
manage those human rights as well. Providing human rights to intelligence machines would
create problems for the population in the future because it would put the human race to the
slavery position to the machines as well (Dion, 2012).
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Virtue – The virtue ethical theory holds the ethical value of an individual which would be
determined by an individual’s character. The character refers to dispose of a person who wants to
become ready to act ethically. It includes noble traits such as courage, self-discipline, gratitude,
wisdom, understanding, creativity, honesty, loyalty and empathy as well. The machines’ would
be possibly intelligent but it will definitely be problematic when it comes to feel or develop those
characteristics traits among machines as well (Cuirria, 2014). It seems really difficult when it
comes to managing those traits among to the machines as well intelligent machines and
providing them all the human rights will create problems for the humans in near future because
intelligent machines would be a problem to the human race as well.
Deontology – This theory places emphasis on the relationship between the moral level and duties
of the human actions as well. It includes duty, logos, and science as well. This ethical theory
holds that some of the acts are morally good according to consequences running for human
welfare because of that ethics as well. The thought process of offering human rights to the
machines would sound morally good for the machines and humans but it would definitely create
problems for the human race because intelligent machines that have their own mindset would be
not helpful to humans if they have their own mindsets as well. Machines get empowered, there
are chances the machine kind would easily make the human race slave to them in the near future.
It will not become helpful to the population as well because humans take time to dig out from
slavery in the past, many years ago (Filip, et. al., 2016). Machines will be a helpful and
innovative solution but if they get human rights and social identity, it would be problematic for
humans in the future. The consequences would not be helpful to human because intelligent
machines would be considered as human help, not an individual who has some human rights as
well. It will definitely become complicated for all humans as well.
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Screenshot of Mind map
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Conclusion
The report concluded the argument about providing human rights to intelligent machines as per
the four major important ethical theories as well. The advancements in technology helped the
machines to become more helpful as well develop their own mindsets as well but if they will get
the human rights as a normal human being, it would definitely create negative consequences to
the human race in future as well. The four ethical theories which are Contract, Utilitarianism,
Virtue, and Deontology those were helpful to develop a huge understanding of the subject. It also
helped to understand the consequences of the action such as providing human rights to the
machines as humans.
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References
Ast, F. (2019). The Deliberative Test, a New Procedural Method for Ethical Decision Making in
Integrative Social Contracts Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 155(1), 207-221.
Dion, M. (2012). Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership?. Leadership &
Organization Development Journal, 33(1), 4-24.
Ciurria, M. (2014). Answering the situationist challenge: a defense of virtue ethics as preferable
to other ethical theories. Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review/Revue canadienne de
philosophie, 53(4), 651-670.
Filip, I., Saheba, N., Wick, B., & Amir Radfar, M. D. (2016). Morality and ethical theories in the
context of human behavior. Ethics & Medicine, 32(2), 83.
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Appendix
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