ITC506 Assessment 4: Applying Ethical Theory to AI Rights

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SCHOOL OF COMPUTING AND MATHS, Charles Sturt University
If computers think for themselves, should they have human rights
ITC506 201960 Assessment 4: Applying Ethical Theory
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Introduction
The human rights are the rights that are provided to all human beings without having regard
to the race, nationality, language, ethnicity and religion. These include the rights that are
prescribed so as to provide life and liberty, freedom of opinion and expression. Here the
case study is related where the heartfelt social value and oppression that is related to the
minorities. The case study relates to the inevitable amount of discrimination that virtual
people in the country end up while facing the issue. Hence the current case study relates to
the plea where it focuses on whether the computers must be given human rights or not if
they have the mind to think artificially like humans. This report would analyse various ethical
theories and the concepts that are related to the case study.
Analysis of Applying Ethical Theories
The ethical theories are considered to the theories that are considered for the purpose of
making the decision when the ethics are found in the role. It is considered that these theories
help in giving the viewpoint of the individuals which helps in making the best decision for the
company (Bisk, et. al., 2016). Each and every theory helps in emphasizing different points
where the final decision is considered and summarized. Here this is seen that in order to
understand the ethical decision that is taken for this purpose of the study.
2.1 Utilitarianism Theory
As per the Utilitarian theory that is built for the ethical consideration this is seen that the act
is considered to be good if it benefits the maximum number of the people. This is seen that
from the utilitarian perspective that the downloading or the streaming of the TV shows helps
in making the people of the country happy and hence this is seen that it can be made
permissible activity. The fundamental to the utilitarian approach includes bringing happiness
in the people of the country. This is seen that the Utilitarian approach struggles in making the
decision regarding giving the computers human rights or not. Hence it is considered that
where the people feel happy, this approach supports these activities. Hence this can be
considered that where the approach makes the majority of people happy, does not mean
that it would become morally permissible also this is seen that morality should be judged for
this purpose of the study (Card, 2018). Therefore, this can be considered that where
someone who does not have anybody but has mind to control their functions can be
considered to be giving human rights. This is seen that there are various problems that are
related to the robots and various cases have been considered where the human being is
affected through the acts of Robots. These are mere the piece of tools and the data is
entered into them by the Humans. Hence it can be considered that they cannot be given
human rights for this purpose.
2.2 Deontology Theory
This is considered that in this theory of a deontological class of ethical theory that people
should make it applicable while making the decision where the ethics are considered to be in
play. Here this is seen that the actions that are taken by the deontological are considered to
be wrong or right in themselves. As in the case of computers this is seen that it would always
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be considered to be immoral for identifying and giving the computer-human rights. This is
seen that if they are given human rights then it could be considered to be the human risk for
the purpose of human survival. Hence in the current approach this is seen that a
deontologist would always find the computers being given the rights against the morality of
the county and the people of the country. this is seen that here it is considered that if the
human rights are given to the computers then it would lead to making the conflicts among
the humans and computers regarding the ethical issues. This is also seen that there is no
morals and ethics in the computers as they work according to the input that has been
entered into them (Lazar, et. al., 2017).
hence this is seen that it is always considered to be wrongful where someone’s rightful
property is taken without the prior consent of the user. It is seen that everyone in the country
should have the same access with regard to the economic condition or the stratus and every
individual must be treated fairly. While on the other hand if the computers are given human
rights than it would tremendously increase the conflicts among the computers and the
humans that can even relate to the devastation of the and can also bring war in the country.
2.3 Virtue Theory
This theory helps in judging the person through the character rather than through the actions
that may lead to making them deviate from their behaviour. Here the individual’s moral
reputations and the motivations are taken into account where rating an unusual and irregular
behaviour taken into consideration. Here the belief of the person and the focus on the belief
are depicted by the person. Here this is believed that right thing is more effective to get
followed rather than following the set of principle and rules for this purpose. Here this is also
seen that people should perform the moral acts which should come out of the habits of the
person and not introspectively. This can be seen here that computers are considered to be a
risky product and should not be given human rights as it can include risk the survival of
humans.
Here in the present case, the difficulty is developed where it is difficult to establish the nature
of virtues as there are different people, societies and cultures as there are vastly different
opinions (Urquhart & Rodden, 2017). This is seen that the central consideration for the
virtue ethics includes the characters of the different person but this is seen that it does not
contain various cultures and societies for this purpose. Hence in many countries and among
the people this is seen that giving the human rights to the computers does not result in
ethical consideration. Hence in the present context this can be considered that the Virtuous
person would not support giving the human rights to computers as this would affect their
prominence and the existence of the human beings in the world. If human rights are given to
them then it would lead to replacement of human beings in various departments that would
impact the requirement of human beings. This would also relate to increase in the conflict
between them.
2.4 Contract Theory
It is seen that we live in a society where the application of law appears at a greater extent.
This is important so as to live in the country the law must be aided. Here these must be
fulfilled so as to live in harmony with the others. So, if the rule is to break then it would result
in the negative consequence. This is seen that this serves as a method of identifying the
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wrong things (Lucas, et. al., 2015). As this is seen that it is considered to be illegal to make
fraud or to harm the person with intention. Here it is considered that contract ethicist would
be using the rules and the guidelines for the moral compass. So, this is seen that if the acts
are considered to be illegal then it would be considered to be morally permissible. Hence as
per the legal prospects it is considered that if human rights are given to the computers then it
would lead to bringing a sentiment of fight among the human race and computers. It is seen
that there is no moral sense and ethical consideration among computers. If the computer
performs their attribute in a wrongful manner then it would lead to destruction of the
computers. However, this is seen that it is an obligation to act in the moral sense where
there are rules framed in society. As the computers do not have the know-how to live in the
society hence, they cannot be given the human rights for this purpose of the issue.
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Conclusion
Hence the conclusion that is drawn from the above report is that computers cannot be given
the human rights in the society as they do not have their own mind. The mind and the
activities of the computers are prescribed by the humans and if these are given the human
rights then it would mean that one human is given protection of human rights twice. Also, the
computer does not understand the problem where they have to react and how they have to
react as they lack emotions. The computers are considered to be having problem in
analysing the effects of the task that they perform; they lack the ethical standard in them.
therefore, they cannot be given human rights as this can also lead to war among humans
and computers in the future.
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References
 Bisk, Y., Marcu, D., & Wong, W. (2016, March). Towards a Dataset for
Human-Computer Communication via Grounded Language Acquisition.
In AAAI Workshop: Symbiotic Cognitive Systems.
 Bisk, Y., Marcu, D., & Wong, W. (2016, March). Towards a Dataset for
Human-Computer Communication via Grounded Language Acquisition.
In AAAI Workshop: Symbiotic Cognitive Systems.
 Card, S. K. (2018). The psychology of human-computer interaction. CRC
Press.
 Lazar, J., Feng, J. H., & Hochheiser, H. (2017). Research methods in human-
computer interaction. Morgan Kaufmann.
 Lucas, C., Nielsen, R. A., Roberts, M. E., Stewart, B. M., Storer, A., & Tingley,
D. (2015). Computer-assisted text analysis for comparative politics. Political
Analysis, 23(2), 254-277.
 Urquhart, L., & Rodden, T. (2017). New directions in information technology
law: learning from human-computer interaction. International Review of Law,
Computers & Technology, 31(2), 150-169.
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