University IT Literature Review Report on AI and HCI

This report provides a summary of literature on Information Technology, focusing on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and software architectures. The report begins by discussing the integration of Design Thinking (DT) within HCI, highlighting the challenges and the need for new evaluation processes. It then analyzes different software architectures that support HCI, emphasizing user-centered and system designs. The report also examines the application of AI in collaborative decision-making, particularly in the medical field, focusing on the information needs of medical experts when interacting with AI assistants. The literature review includes research papers by Park and McKilligan (2018), Cruz-Benito, Garcia-Penalvo and Theron (2019), and Cai et al. (2019), covering topics such as design thinking, software architectures, and the integration of AI in medical decision-making processes. The report underscores the importance of transparency and understanding the strengths and limitations of AI models for effective collaboration and future applications.

Running head: INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Information Technology
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Table of Contents
Summary of the Literatures.............................................................................................................2
References........................................................................................................................................4

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Summary of the Literatures
According to the discussion being focused by Park and McKilligan (2018), they have
enforced on the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), which is further been discussed as a
computer-related cross-disciplinary domain. This domain is primarily associated with the
interaction, information and communication technology. Theories focused in this paper relates to
Design Thinking (DT), which is a creative and innovative problem solving process that would be
helpful for solving critical problems and help technicians for a deeper understanding of the
techniques and knowledge towards HCI. The paper focuses on the many form of challenges that
is mostly triggered with the rapid technological advancements in the field of HCI. System
designers are mostly focused on interaction systems and fast form of changing interfaces, which
further require new kind of processes for evaluations, strategies of interaction and making
developed designs. ‘Speed’ is a consistent factor that needs to be undertaken to adopt to
changing scenarios. Hence, a systematic review over both DT and HCI have been focused based
on the consideration of the stages of planning, execution and analysis of results.
The next paper helps in analysing the different kind of software architectures, which help
in supporting the HCI processes. Cruz-Benito, Garcia-Penalvo and Theron (2019) have majorly
put an emphasis on the discussion for designing and building different software architectures that
would further help in facilitating the interaction made between users. User inputs are being
recognized for generating a proper response accordingly. The paper thus presents a systematic
review over the literature, which is primarily meant for identification, analysis and classification
of published approaches based on supporting or enhancement of the HCI. This paper also
presents a theoretical combination of HCI and HMI (Human-machine interaction) practices

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focusing on designing better systems focusing on user-centred and system designs. The paper
helps in proving the fact that system features, which could have a direct impact over the system
usability factors and might not be visible for users. Based on the understanding of the system, it
can be discussed that software architectures should not be able to define the technical issues but
would also develop and further implement functionality based on presenting dialog with users.
The authors have thus focused on various software architectures, which includes modular
architectures, architectures dependent on software agents, layered architecture but also lacked a
process of standardization.
The next part of the discussion would be presented on the discussion focused on the
massive need of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies based on collaborative decision-making
process. Cai et al. (2019) have focused on the rapid form of advancements in the field of
machine learning that are applied for decision-making. In this paper, the authors have focused on
the primary kind of information that are mostly desired by medical experts when they would be
working with a diagnostic AI assistant. The theory focused in this discussion further puts
emphasis on the fact that clinicians mostly desired for upfront information in relation to the
global properties being presented by the model that included their limitations and strengths. With
the use of such models, transparency in AI would help in supporting collaborative decision-
making and further employing them for future routinely practices.

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References
Cai, C.J., Winter, S., Steiner, D., Wilcox, L. and Terry, M., 2019. " Hello AI": Uncovering the
Onboarding Needs of Medical Practitioners for Human-AI Collaborative Decision-
Making. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 3(CSCW), pp.1-24.
Cruz-Benito, J., Garcia-Penalvo, F.J. and Theron, R., 2019. Analyzing the software architectures
supporting HCI/HMI processes through a systematic review of the literature. Telematics and
Informatics, 38, pp.118-132.
Park, H. and McKilligan, S., 2018, July. A systematic literature review for human-computer
interaction and design thinking process integration. In International Conference of Design, User
Experience, and Usability (pp. 725-740). Springer, Cham.