The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Healthcare: A Detailed Report

This report provides a detailed analysis of the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare sector, focusing on King's College Hospital as a case study. It discusses the capabilities of AI, such as reducing the burden of electronic health records, bringing intelligence to medical devices, and monitoring health through wearable devices. The report also explores the benefits, including clinical decision-making, streamlining processes, and information sharing. Furthermore, it examines the challenges of AI adoption, such as human assistance requirements, the need for the right AI platform, and lack of trust. The report also evaluates the ethical, social, and legal challenges related to AI, including safety, data privacy, algorithmic fairness, injuries, privacy concerns, unemployment, and safety and effectiveness. The report concludes with a comprehensive overview of the impact of AI on healthcare, emphasizing its potential to advance treatments and provide virtual assistance while also highlighting the risks of increased dependency on technical platforms.

Principles of Health
Informatics

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................4
TASK 1.......................................................................................................................................................4
Discuss capabilities, challenges, benefits of employment of artificial intelligence in health care............4
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................8
Evaluate ethical, social and legal challenges related to artificial intelligence for patients and clinicians.8
CONCLUSION...........................................................................................................................................9
REFRENCES............................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
In current world technology is evolving at rapid rate so it is vital to adopt digital ways for
organizations in order to bring ease in performing task. Artificial intelligence is the way in which
intelligent behavior is demonstrates by machines irrespective of human behavior (Adamson,
2016) . With this, machines learn through previous experiences and perform different task like a
human being. In the current report, King’s college hospital is taken into consideration that is one
of the largest teaching hospitals of London. They provide services such as transplantation of
liver, neuroscience, haemato oncology and more. They are serving to wide number of patients at
international level and specialized in treating liver related disease. It is one of the leading NHS
foundation trust of country that provides local services with a center of special care and teaching
hospital. Now, they are using advance as well as innovative technologies in order to treat patients
in better manner. The present report is about increasing use of artificial technologies in
healthcare sectors. It comprises capabilities, applications as well as benefits of artificial
intelligence within health care field. Further, ethical, social as well as legal challenges in using
artificial intelligence in healthcare have been also discussed in the following report.
TASK 1
Discuss capabilities, challenges, benefits of employment of artificial intelligence in health care
Artificial intelligence is related to the use of new and evolving techniques so that better
services can be provide through machines, It is related to enhancing use of machines instead of
human efforts to performing a task. In healthcare sector, this technology plays a great role in
diagnosing as well as treating patients in better manner. It is monitored that King’s college
hospital use artificial intelligence to provide effective and timely treatment to patients.
Capabilities of Artificial intelligence:
In health care sector artificial intelligence is highly useful as it makes practices and task
easier. For this, capabilities of artificial intelligence are given as under:
Reducing burden of electronic health record use: With digitization in healthcare sector
data as well as records can be kept in an efficient manner (Bansal, Khan and Alam, 2019). It has

reduced down use of manual practices, documentation within the field. Now, healthcare workers
use these practices to make routine process intuitive and easier. It is stated that users spend most
of the time in documentation, order entry and more. Here, voice recognition tools are being used
in order to complete the initial formalities in minimum possible time.
Bringing intelligence to medical devises and machines: In hospitals, there are a lot of
machines are used so smart devices are helpful to monitor the condition of patients and treating
them accordingly. Use of smart devices will reduce down the burden of physicians and ensure to
provide right and timely treatment to individuals.
Monitoring health through wearable and personal devices: Now, customers have access
of such devices with which they can gather necessary information regarding health such as
tracking heartbeat and more which is crucial to get right treatment at right time. With this, they
can take care of themselves in better manner.
Application of Artificial intelligence:
Diagnosis and treatment application: Use of artificial intelligence in healthcare make it
easy for health care personnel’s to diagnose patients in right manner. In this use of higher
technologies, innovative devices are crucial to provide proper treatment to individuals so that
they get cure in minimum time. It is stated that respective hospital makes use of advance
technology to treat people in effective manner (Bini, 2018).
Patient engagement and adherence application: For getting better outcomes out of
health practice, it is imperative to ensure necessary involvement of patients that is now possible
with the increasing use of smart devices. In context of King’s college hospital, technology is
being used in order to enhance engagement of people in healthcare practices.
Administrative applications: Here, administration needs to keep proper record of data and
information related to patients as well as workers. With the use of artificial intelligence, now it is
more convenient to keep, analyze current as well as previous data of patients. In regards of
King’s hospital staff is able to save their time by using appropriate tools as well as software’s of
record keeping (Collins and Moons, 2019).

Benefit of Artificial intelligence
Clinical Decision making: In healthcare sector, artificial intelligence assists in effective
decision making by providing necessary information related to patients and their health
conditions. Here, benefit of AI is helpful in decision making as it provides real time data to
health care personnels that will further use in diagnose patients, plan treatment and more. In
reference of King’s hospital they get valuable insights with use of AI which will further guide
them to provide appropriate treatment to patients.
Streamlining processes: There are softwares available within AI for identification of
radiology images, solutions to reduce down burden of healthcare workers by providing necessary
information regarding appointments of patients and more. In context of King’s hospital, this tool
is also helpful in streamlining appointments and handle specifications related to patients. Further,
it also provides necessary recommendations for treating patients in better manner.
Information sharing: Another benefit of AI is related to share information in regards of
patients data that will be further assist healthcare people to provide better cure to patients. For
this, NHS has been established an AI lab in the year of 2019 to enhance use of technologies in
healthcare sector. In regards of respective hospital, they use AI tools in order to use information
and data in effective decision making (Emanuel and Wachter, 2019).
Barriers of adopting Artificial Intelligence:
Human Assistance: However, use of technology is increasing at rapid rate but is requires
intervention of human being. Machines, tools cannot be operated without human assistance. It is
the major drawback of AI that it requires command of a person to operate and function in an
efficient manner. It can provide necessary data but eventually this information is used by
physician for decision making. Therefore, AI can be used as helping hand to ease out working
process but requires skills, expertise of human to use results in correct way.
Implementation right AI platform: It is stated that artificial intelligence put great impact
of business by bring ease in overall working process but deployment of this practice is not easy.
There are a lot of tools, machines have been evolved that has different applications. So, it is vital

to first understand their application before apply them in real practice. For this purpose,
healthcare workers need to prepare necessary strategies, select right partners in order to ensure
appropriate use of technology. In addition, they are also required to select right platform in terms
of getting better outcomes (Hamet and Tremblay, 2017).
Lack of trust: Despite of increasing use of digital technologies, people still do not
completely rely over technical platforms. Now, there are a lot of AI platforms are being used in
healthcare for diagnosing as well as treating patients. But, individuals are not comfortable with
the increasing use of AI as they still have trust issues over excessive use of technologies. This is
one of the major constraints in using artificial intelligence in the field of healthcare.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence:
Advancement in treatments: It is stated that AI is helpful in providing better treatment to
patients by having access of appropriate tools, information and more which will further help to
healthcare workers in treating patients in an effective manner. It has capability to identify signs
of illness through medical images such as MRI, x –rays and more. So, it will provide assistance
to staff members of King’s hospital to diagnose patients in an effective manner.
Virtual Assistance: With virtual assistance, patients get revert of their queries on timely
basis that is crucial in getting right cure in timely manner. By this way, individuals are able to
increase their medical knowledge by asking relevant questions at AI platform. Here, they also get
reminders related to check up, medicines, reports and more. So, it helps patients to get
appropriate treatment to keep them healthy and fit. In reference of King’s hospital, virtual
assistance provides great help to patients as well as health care people.
Higher dependency on technical platforms: Increasing use of AI has enhanced
dependency of people over technical platforms. Now, from initial documentation to last diagnose
all is done with the help of AI platform. So, it is increasing dependency over machines, tools and
softwares that is not a good sign and may hamper personal interaction, trust between physician
and patient in real practice.

TASK 2
Evaluate ethical, social and legal challenges related to artificial intelligence for patients and
clinicians
There are a lot of challenges arise in the use of artificial intelligence as it bring several
changes in existing practices of company. In addition, it also affects overall society, ethical
practices as well as legal framework. It is analyzed that use of higher technology has bring a lot
of changes in existing societal practices so it is vital to monitor these changes in an effective
manner. In this regards, different challenges faced by king’s hospital are given as under:
Ethical Challenges:
Safety and transparency: Safety is the biggest constrain in the use of AI as here
techniques, machines are used in order to perform different functions. Now use of machines is
increasing rapidly that us creating higher threat and consider as unsafe way to treating patients.
In reference of respective hospital, they area also facing challenges in terms of safeguarding and
protecting information related to patients and workers (Nelson and Staggers, 2016)(Skurka,
2017).
Data Privacy: With increasing use of virtual platform threat of data breach is also
increasing. While using smart devices in the treatment of patients, they get access of personal
credentials of patients which can be further share with unauthorized parties. Sometimes, this data
sharing produce critical consequences for individuals. In the use of AI, data protection as well as
privacy remains at higher risk.
Algorithmic fairness and biases: Human trained algorithm remains trustworthy, fair as
well as unbiased only with the data which has been fed in the system. Therefore, there are higher
probabilities of bias behavior and discrimination through use of AI. So, makers need to maintain
system in such a manner that discrimination as biasness can be reduced at minimum level. By
this way, this bias algorithm may exhibit negative outcomes that will further enhance injustice
and discrimination.

Social challenges:
Injuries and errors: Sometimes, AI suggests wrong medicine and treatment which will
put negative impact over health of patients. Now, healthcare workers also completely rely over
AI to get necessary information regarding patients which may be wrong and turn whole
treatment in wrong direction. It might cause great injuries and errors that may create some
serious consequences (Magnuson and Dixon, 2020).
Privacy Concern: It is stated that AI requires large amount of data related to health of
patients such as their fitness condition, personal information and more. Sometimes, unauthorized
users get access of this information which can be further misused by them. However, AI has
become crucial part of healthcare services but it might create serious consequences by getting
access of personal credentials of individuals.
Unemployment: Now, machines are replacing human being as they are able to perform
task in time as well as cost effective manner. So, it is reducing requirements of human being in
different fields that will enhance unemployment. With, this, people are losing their jobs and not
able to earn adequate livelihood.
Legal Challenges:
Safety and effectiveness: It is monitored that safety and privacy is great concern in use
of AI in heath care and other sectors. Here, makers can implement AI in successful manner by
make sure that dataset is reliable as well as valid. In addition, they are also required to update
softwares, tools on regular basis and adopt transparency in services in order to gain trust of
patients. In this regard, administration of respective hospital ensures to safeguard information in
right manner (Maddox, Rumsfeld and Payne, 2019).
Liability: However, AI has intelligence like a human being still it is operated as per
command of individuals. So, they are liable for end results and outcomes. If, AI produce false
results for a patient then at the end clinician will be responsible for consequences. Therefore,
clinician needs to require to treat patients with utmost care, expertise and consideration. For this,

King’s hospital, remain careful while treating patients with the use of smart devices and
techniques.
Cyber security: It is the another crucial issue which need to consider while addressing
legal constraints related to use of artificial intelligence within healthcare sector. In the upcoming
years majority of the services will be based on AI so make need make sure regarding privacy and
security of data and information.
Evaluation of challenges for patients and clinicians:
With above stated points, it is analyzed that artificial intelligence has bring complete
revolution in healthcare in terms of storing information, treating patients and more. But, there are
ample of constraint which restricts excessive use of AI as it is not considered as highly reliable
and may cause harm to privacy of patients as well as clinicians (Israni and Verghese, 2019). In
addition, it behaves as per the algorithm which might be wrong and create serious consequences
for patients. In AI, results are produced by machines and tools but last responsibility lies in the
hand of clinician. In case of adverse results produced by AI whole liability come over clinicians.
So, they need to stay highly conscious, careful while treating patients by using technology.

CONCLUSION
With above discussion, it is summarized that artificial intelligence has been used as
recent practice in the field of health care. There are different techniques; machines are used in AI
within health care sector in order to ensure right as well as timely treatment of patients. It is
concluded that there are a lot of capabilities posses by artificial intelligence that is crucial to
diagnose patients in right manner. In addition, this practice also has some barriers such as trust
issues, selection of suitable platform and more. It is concluded that AI has been put some
negative as well as positive impacts over healthcare filed which need to analyze in correct way.
Discussion has been taken regarding, ethical, social as well as legal challenges related to
artificial intelligence that are being faced by patients and workers both. Moreover, it is vital to
monitor the impact of AI and select appropriate platform that maximize benefit of this practice
within healthcare sector.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
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