Faculty of Science: HCI Research Paper Review on AI in Healthcare

This report is a research paper review focusing on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, as part of the COS80002 Human Computer Interaction course. The student conducted a literature search using Google Scholar, focusing on keywords like "Artificial intelligence in healthcare." The review analyzes several research articles, including those by Reddy, Fox, and Purohit (2019), Price (2017), Gembaczka et al. (2019), Shirley (2018), and He et al. (2019). The papers explore AI's impact on patient management, clinical decision support, patient examination, and healthcare interventions. The student concludes that AI is crucial for healthcare, offering potential in data collection, monitoring, and decision-making, but also emphasizes the need to consider legal and ethical implications, as well as practical implementation challenges like data privacy and standardization. The report highlights the use of machine learning, natural language processing, and neural networks within the healthcare context and the importance of understanding AI's limitations to ensure effective system development. The author emphasizes the importance of further research into the legal and ethical implications of AI in healthcare before developing interactive systems.

Running head: HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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1. Literature Search
1.1 Project Topic
The topic of the project for which the papers are researched is artificial intelligence in
healthcare. Artificial intelligence is defined as simulation of intelligence of humans in
machines those are programmed to think like the humans and imitate the actions of humans.
Artificial intelligence in healthcare is utilisation of complicated software and algorithm in
order to copy the cognition of human in the examination of complicated medical data.
Artificial intelligence is the ability of algorithms of computer to draw conclusions without the
direct input of humans.
1.2 Keywords
The keywords those are used in order to search the literature include Artificial
intelligence in healthcare, use of artificial intelligence in healthcare and application of
artificial intelligence in healthcare.
1.3 Databases
The database that is searched to find out research articles is Google Scholar. Google
Scholar provides research papers from various years with a single search. It has huge
collection of research articles and is a great help to this literature review report.
2. Paper Review
 This research article is very much relevant with to the project. The project is to develop
an interactive system with the help of Artificial intelligence. This paper deals with four
major areas of healthcare. With these, a health system will be developed where artificial
intelligence will be playing an important role.

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According to (Reddy, Fox and Purohit 2019) in the recent years, there has been huge
advancement in Artificial intelligence with the creation of deep neural networks, computer
vision, processing of natural language and robotics. These methods are applied actively inn
healthcare with various services of health activities. The administrators and the clinicians are
presently delivering these activities and they are predicted to be taken by Artificial
intelligence in the years those are coming. Conversely, there has been publicity about the
abilities of artificial intelligence with a wrong idea that artificial intelligence will replace the
physicians and the clinicians. These perspectives of various humans about artificial
intelligence are not accurate. If a perspective of the drawbacks those are balanced and
promise of Artificial intelligence is taken then a person can measure the parts of the health
system in which artificial intelligence can be combined for a good impact. The four fields
where Artificial intelligence will have a great impact is management of the patients, clinical
decision support systems, examination of the patients and interferences in healthcare. This
system of health where artificial intelligence plays an important role can be termed as health
system that is AI-augmented. In this research paper, the authors of the article discusses about
the way the healthcare system can be created is based on realistic evaluation of present
technologies of Artificial intelligence and the developments those are predicted.
 This research paper is important to the project topic because before developing the
interactive system using the artificial intelligence they need to know about the legal issues
of the artificial intelligence in artificial intelligence so that while developing the
healthcare system, they do not need have any legal issues.
According to (Price 2017) Artificial intelligence is quickly moving in order to change the
system of healthcare. Driven by the combination of big data and powerful techniques of
machines learning, the developers and the innovators have begun to create tools in order to
upgrade the procedure of clinical care, in order to advance the research in medical and to

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upgrade the efficiency. These techniques and tools depend on algorithms, programs
developed from data of healthcare that can easily make recommendations or predictions.
Conversely, the algorithms are complicated for their reasoning to be understood by anyone.
These algorithms can be referred to as back box. This research article describes the concept
of artificial intelligence in medicine consisting the applications those are possible. The
research article also considers its legal implication in four fields of law including tort,
regulation, privacy and intellectual property.
 This research paper is relevant with the topic as the project topic is to develop an
interactive system of healthcare. This research article provides an overview of sensor
embedded and server distributed artificial intelligence for the applications of healthcare.
Using this approach, it will be easier to develop the systems of healthcare.
According to (Gembaczka et al 2019) the use of artificial intelligence in the areas of
healthcare provides chances but it includes great dare. The ethical and the requirements
associated to data security exist for the recording of data and storage of data related to
patient. The global players push the artificial intelligence as a service for the applications of
consumers and it implies storage of data on the external server of database. Conversely, the
solutions those are available do not meet the needs. Moreover, the medium and the small
sized companies in the area of healthcare dread the loss of sovereignty of data and outflow of
information. In this research article, the authors of the paper have proposed a resource
efficient and a secured approach by implanting AI to the sensor and it is integrated with the
server. For this objective, the authors have developed the Artificial intelligence for the
systems those are embedded in platform independent library of machine learning. It includes
configurable neural networks those are artificial with structure that is feed forward. The
applications of healthcare include processing of the data of patients. Calibration of sensors,
recognition and classification of patterns.

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 This research paper is essential and relevant as it is important to know about the role of
artificial intelligence in healthcare before developing the project that is developing the
interactive systems. It is important to know the technology before making the project as
the scope of artificial intelligence is huge. It is also important to know the applications of
artificial intelligence and applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare.
According to (Shirley 2018) the main aim of the artificial intelligence is to imitate the
cognitive functions of humans such the solving of problems and learning and with the help of
artificial intelligence, great changes can be brought about in the healthcare. This maximizes
the data of healthcare and fast progress of analytic methods. This has further led to the
applications of artificial intelligence in healthcare. The popular techniques of artificial
intelligence include various methods of machine learning for the data those are structured
such as support vector machine and the neural networks and the deep learning. Another
technique is natural languages processing for the data those are unstructured. The important
areas of diseases that utilise tools of Artificial intelligence include cardiology, cancer and
neurology. AI will not replace the physicians and the clinicians but artificial intelligence will
help the doctors in order to make proper decisions and it can replace the judgement of
humans in certain areas of healthcare those are functional.
 This research article is important and relevant as it is important to know the
implementations of AI in healthcare. The way artificial intelligence can be implemented
is important for the development of the system. Therefore, it is important to know the
practical implementation of technologies of artificial intelligence in medicine.
According to (He et al 2019) the development of the technologies those are based on artificial
intelligence in medicine is quickly advancing, but the implementation of AI in the real-world
clinics has not been implemented in real. In this research article, the author have discussed

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about some of the important practical problems that is surrounding the deployment of
Artificial intelligence into the clinical workflows that exists consisting of sharing of data and
privacy, the transparency of AI algorithms, the standardization of data, the interoperability
across more than one platform and the concern for the safety of patients. The authors
summarize the present regulatory environment in the United States and highlight the
differences with various other regions in the world including China and Europe.
3. Conclusion
From the literature search and reviewing the literature, I can conclude that artificial
intelligence is an important technology that must be implemented in healthcare. I think that
the scope of artificial intelligence is huge and before developing the system, one research
about the artificial intelligence. I have studied that artificial intelligence will help the
clinicians in order to take important decisions but it will not replace the clinicians and the
doctors. I think that before moving forward with the project one should study the legal and
the ethical implications of the technology so that they do not have to face these issues in
future. I have also studied about the various techniques of artificial intelligence such as
machine learning, natural language processing, neural networks and many more than can be
implemented in order to develop the system. I have learnt that AI will help healthcare in
various areas such collecting the data of the patients, monitoring the data of the patients and
many such applications. Lastly, I think it is important to study the issues that can come across
while implementing the artificial intelligence in healthcare so that the issues can be mitigated
and they do not hamper the development of the system.

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References
Gembaczka, P., Heidemann, B., Bennertz, B., Groeting, W., Norgall, T. and Seidl, K., 2019.
Combination of sensor-embedded and secure server-distributed artificial intelligence for
healthcare applications. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering, 5(1), pp.29-32.
He, J., Baxter, S.L., Xu, J., Xu, J., Zhou, X. and Zhang, K., 2019. The practical
implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine. Nature medicine, 25(1),
pp.30-36.
Price, W.N., 2017. Artificial Intelligence in Health Care: Applications and Legal Issues.
Reddy, S., Fox, J. and Purohit, M.P., 2019. Artificial intelligence-enabled healthcare
delivery. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 112(1), pp.22-28.
Shirley, M.A.J., 2018. Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.