Collaboration of Humans and AI in the Workplace: An Analysis

This essay critically analyzes the collaboration between humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the workplace, focusing on its impact on the human experience and drawing on innovation theories. The essay begins by highlighting the increasing capabilities of AI in various human-related tasks and the associated fears of job displacement. It then explores how companies are leveraging AI to optimize collaboration between humans and machines, emphasizing the importance of innovation and customer-centric approaches. The essay discusses specific examples like Amazon Go to illustrate the practical applications of AI in the workplace. The analysis incorporates the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to explain how employees adopt and use AI, and highlights the potential for AI to enhance cognitive diversity and increase skills. Furthermore, the essay addresses the challenges of AI implementation, such as skill gaps and the need for up-to-date data, while emphasizing the importance of collaboration between employees and employers to keep pace with technological advancements. The essay concludes that companies should embrace collaborative intelligence to transform operations, improve organizational performance, and redesign organizational structures, recognizing the complementary roles of humans and AI in driving innovation and challenging assumptions.

Running head: MANAGEMENT
Management
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1MANAGEMENT
Introduction
The essay throws light in identifying and analysing the collaboration of the human
beings as well as artificial intelligence will be helpful in collaborating in workplace of the
entire future. Artificial Intelligence is becoming the good at different human related jobs
which includes diagnosing the different diseases, providing proper customer service along
with translating the languages (Ted.com 2019). Due to the same, it is raising reasonable kind
of fears that Artificial Intelligence will be ultimately replacing the human workers in the
entire economy. In the respective essay, the main aim and purpose is to identify the analysis
of the collaboration of the human beings as well as Artificial Intelligence for influencing the
human related experience at work with the inclusion of innovation theories.
Collaboration of Humans and AI in Workplace for impacting human related experience
at work
As commented by Steels and Brooks (2018), the different companies try benefitting
from optimizing the collaboration among the human beings as well as artificial intelligence.
Certainly, the various companies have used the AI for automating the processes, however,
there are different instances which have been noticed wherein the organizations deploy such
kinds of technologies in the workplace and reduce the number of workers. In such scenario,
the entire productivity increases for a short span of time and it will be negatively impacting
the workplace in the long-run.
Moreover, as opined by Russell and Norvig (2016), in the current scenario, the
business leaders constantly think on how to transform the different activities to make the
company more lean, innovative and agile. In the today’s scenario, business is driven by the
different customers who are considered to be the new focal point. In addition, customers
prefer and demand innovative products along with better experiences and the businesses will

2MANAGEMENT
be able to comply through embracing emerging kind of technologies such as Artificial
Intelligence, deep learning along with Internet of Things. Over the last few years, it has been
noticed that technology has been capable of making the different advances in approximating
the human related interaction, especially when it is coming to the speech related recognition
along with detection of the emotions, visual cues as well as voice intonation (Moravčík et al.
2017). From Alexa to Siri to Google Home, these are the different technologies which are
becoming ubiquitous at the tremendous pace and it will be creating a high level of impact on
how the different individuals perform their jobs in the coming years.
In the present scenario, Artificial Intelligence is set to impact the work in three major
manners: Human to Machine Interaction, Smart Process automation along with advanced
analytics. In the Human to Machine Interaction, the respective aspect is becoming more
advanced and the goal is to make the different machines interact in human like techniques. In
this manner, the Artificial Intelligence master the different complex things and individuals do
not need to undertake the complex aspects and complete the tasks successfully. As opined by
Momoh and El-Hawary (2018), the Artificial Intelligence can be boosting the analytics along
with decision-making abilities along with heightening the overall creativity successfully.
In many instances, it has been noticed that human-machine collaboration enables the
different organizations for interacting with customers as well as employees in more novel and
effective manner. In fact, as commented by Konar (2018), the different companies are
becoming highly customer-centric in nature as the digital technologies pervade day to day
experiences. Due to the same, it is important for understanding the likes and dislikes of the
customers as well which will be helping them in managing their effectiveness.
For instance- Amazon Go announcement in the month of February has been able to
catch the attention of retail industry. It has implemented the concept of the cashier less store

3MANAGEMENT
which is devoid of the different POS machines along with check out operators. In such
scenario, the different customers walk into the store, pick up the different products which are
required to be adopted by them and they do not have to stand in queues or the long checkout
lines. The store relies heavily on cameras along with AI as well as sensors which is
considered to be the technology for tracking who is shopping along with what they are
purchasing. When the shoppers purchase the different items from the store and walk out, in
such scenario, the transaction is being completed through the utilisation of the application
(Jarrahi 2018).
With the help of the Artificial Intelligence Technology and the respective instance of
the Amazon, it can be seen and analyzed that Artificial Intelligence has become a highly
important aspect in the different companies and the different individuals are capable of
making the correct utilisation of the same (Hassabis et al. 2017).
Analysis with help of Innovation Theories
With the help of Technology Acceptance Model, it is considered to be one of the
information systems theory which helps in modelling how the different users come for
accepting and use the technology. In the different companies wherein, they are making the
utilisation of the innovation such as the usage of the Artificial Intelligence, in which the
involvement of the employees plays a crucial role in managing the effectiveness. TAM
asserts the fact that it is the potential adopter’s attitude along with expectations of the
innovation which will be affecting chances for the adoption (Harvard Business Review
2019).
Artificial Intelligence aspects will be helping the companies in delivering the most
effective services and products to the customers that will be making them efficient. AI has the
potential for enhancing the cognitive kind of diversity within the different groups. Both

4MANAGEMENT
human beings as well as machines are complimenting one another as per their strengths for
coming up with diverse ideas which will be showcasing the strength of implementation of the
AI. Through the introduction of the AI, the human beings will be toned for increasing their
skills as to accept and adapt with the changed settings of the company and the existing jobs
will be replaced (Gunning 2017). From the different researches, it has been noticed that both
workers along with leaders for making the advancements for redesigning the processes used
in the company.
From the different surveys, it has been noticed that of the 1200 senior executives
surveyed, more than 72% said and commented that the intelligent kind of technology will be
playing a critical role to the organization’s market differentiation and more than 61%
percentage felt that the share of roles requiring the collaboration with AI will be rising in the
coming three years. For instance- With the help of the robotic aspects in Artificial
Intelligence, there has been inclusion of robotic surgeries in the different hospitals which is
increasing the effectiveness of the different kinds of operations and making it effective.
Challenges of Inclusion of AI in Workplace
In the current scenario, from the different researches and surveys which have been
conducted, it has been analyzed that in United States of America, more than 6 million
individuals are unemployed and there are more than 6 million job vacancies as well. In such
scenario, it can be seen that there is skill gap which is affecting the performance of the
company and it impacts the growth of the companies (Fang et al. 2019). The companies are
trying to incorporate the AI in the workplace, however, there has been unemployment among
the different individuals which led to the ineffectiveness in the services which have been
provided by them.

5MANAGEMENT
Moreover, the other challenge which is faced while implementing AI is ensuring the
fact that the data which have been incorporated is up to date or else the company may not be
able to compete in the competitive business environment. From the analysis, one thing has
been clear that digital related technologies will be continuing to accelerate at a great pace,
however, the problem will be solved when the employees and the employer will be working
together in a proper manner which will be enhancing the growth and keeping up with the
accelerating kinds of technology that will be impacting the growth prospects of the company
(Fang et al. 2019).
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be inferred that most of the activities at the human-machine interface
require people for doing new along with different things and do the things in an appropriate
manner. Only a few numbers of companies which have been surveyed have become capable
in answering the aspect which is that in the near future, the companies which will be using
the artificial intelligence technologies, they should not be displacing the different workers
through automation as they are the integral part of the company and it will be helping them in
improving their aspect in managing the effectiveness.
The leaders need to try and embrace the different kinds of collaborative intelligences
which will be helpful for transforming the level of operations and improve the effectiveness
of the overall organizational performance within the short span of time. In the near future, the
role of the company needs to redesigned in such a manner which will be reforming the rigid
organizational structure in a suitable manner. While the human beings can be working
towards bringing up new ideas along with creativity, Artificial Intelligence will be beneficial
in working as devil’s advocate and challenge the inherent assumptions. The respective

6MANAGEMENT
systems will be capable of negating the flaws such as the vampire creativity along with group
think among many others.

7MANAGEMENT
References
Fang, F., Tambe, M., Dilkina, B. and Plumptre, A.J. eds., 2019. Artificial Intelligence and
Conservation. Cambridge University Press.
Gunning, D., 2017. Explainable artificial intelligence (xai). Defense Advanced Research
Projects Agency (DARPA), nd Web, 2.
Harvard Business Review 2019 Collaborative Intelligence: Humans and AI Are Joining
Forces (online) Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/07/collaborative-intelligence-humans-
and-ai-are-joining-forces [Accessed on 15th January 2020]
Hassabis, D., Kumaran, D., Summerfield, C. and Botvinick, M., 2017. Neuroscience-inspired
artificial intelligence. Neuron, 95(2), pp.245-258.
Jarrahi, M. H. (2018). Artificial intelligence and the future of work: human-AI symbiosis in
organizational decision making. Business Horizons, 61(4), 577-586.
Konar, A., 2018. Artificial intelligence and soft computing: behavioral and cognitive
modeling of the human brain. CRC press.
Momoh, J.A. and El-Hawary, M.E., 2018. Electric systems, dynamics, and stability with
artificial intelligence applications. CRC Press.
Moravčík, M., Schmid, M., Burch, N., Lisý, V., Morrill, D., Bard, N., Davis, T., Waugh, K.,
Johanson, M. and Bowling, M., 2017. Deepstack: Expert-level artificial intelligence in heads-
up no-limit poker. Science, 356(6337), pp.508-513.
Royalmarsden.nhs.uk 2019 UK first robotic surgery (online) Retrieved from
https://www.royalmarsden.nhs.uk/uk-first-robotic-surgery-royal-marsden [Accessed on 15th
January 2020]

8MANAGEMENT
Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2016. Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia;
Pearson Education Limited,.
Steels, L. and Brooks, R., 2018. The artificial life route to artificial intelligence: Building
embodied, situated agents. Routledge.
Ted.com 2019 Ideas Worth Spreading (Online) Retrieved from
https://www.ted.com/talks/peter_diamandis_abundance_is_our_future?language=en
[Accessed on 15th January 2020]