Impact of AI and Robotics on Performance Management in Australia

This essay delves into the significant impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics on performance management, particularly within the Australian context. It examines the transformative effects of these technologies across various sectors, including healthcare, transportation, and education. The essay discusses the rise of robotic surgery, the potential for autonomous vehicles to reshape the taxi industry, and the use of robots in educational settings. It explores the benefits and challenges associated with these advancements, such as increased efficiency, reduced costs, and potential job displacement. The essay also highlights the ethical considerations and future trends related to AI and robotics, providing a comprehensive overview of their influence on performance management and the workforce. The essay also discusses the application of AI in various fields and its limitations.

Running head: PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT
Performance Management
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................7
Discussion........................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13
References......................................................................................................................................15

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Introduction
According to Ashrafian, Darzi and Athanasiou (2015), robotics is the branch of
engineering as well as science. It has been observed that mechanical engineering, computer
science as well as electronics engineering are included in robotics. It has been observed that
robotics is concerned with design and construction of robots. It is also concerned with operation
as well as usage of robots, along with computer systems for controlling the robots, sensory
feedback as well as information processing. It has been observed that robots are often used for
detecting the bombs. They are also used for deactivating the bombs. It should be noted that
robots are capable of taking any disguise but there are some robots who look like human beings.
They are designed for replicating actions done by humans. Like humans, robots can walk, talk,
lift etc. In the opinion of Jinet al. (2018), there are many robots that can do jobs which seems to
be hazardous for human beings. It has been noticed that robots can defuse bobs, can search
survivors from the ruins. Not only this, robots ate also capable of ding tasks like exploring mines
along with shipwrecks. It has been found that Robotics is used in teaching sector. It is used in
STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering as well as Mathematics.
As per Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics, robots are not allowed to cause any kind of
harm. Robots need to adhere to the instructions given to them by humans without breaching
rules. In addition to this, robots need to safeguard themselves without breaching other rules. In
accordance with the opinion ofHuang, Chen and Li(2018), artificial intelligence gives
importance to the formation of machines which works as well as react like people. Artificial
Intelligence is a branch of computer science. In accordance with the opinion of Tirgul and
Naik(2016), artificial intelligence refers to the capability of the digital computer to complete task

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which is mainly associated with people. The main purpose of artificial intelligence is to
formulate systems which understand and think like human beings. In the opinion of Huang,
Chen and Li(2018), It aim is to formulate systems which learns as well as behave like people. On
the other hand, Russell and Norvig (2016) commented that artificial intelligence replicates
‘cognitive’ functions, which individuals related with rest human minds like ‘learning’ as well as
‘problem solving’. In other words, artificial intelligence is stimulation of the human intelligence
procedures by machines. Learning, reasoning as well as self-correction are included in its
procedures. It has been observed that artificial intelligence can be categorized into weak artificial
intelligence and strong artificial intelligence. In 1956, John McCarthy, an American computer
scientist has coined the term ’artificial intelligence’. It has been noticed that Weak AI has been
designed as well as trained for the particular task. The other name of weak AI is narrow AI. It
has been observed that the strong AI has been designed as well as trained for resolving any sort
of issues. In other words, strong AI applies its intelligence for offering solutions to any sort of
complex problems (Bond and Gasser 2014).
Discussion
It has been observed that about 70, 000 doctors are working in the medical industry of
Australia as per 2011 statistics. About 43, 400 General Practitioners (GPs) as well as 25, 400
specialist doctors work at Australia (Abs.gov.au, 2018).It has been observed that artificial
intelligence and robotics has transformed our lives. It has been noticed that nowadays, robotic
surgery has gained immense popularity among the doctors, especially the surgeons. It has been
observed that a highly trained surgeon is required for controlling the robot in order to remove
infected cells from the body of the person. It has been observed that robotic surgery is less

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painful than that of the traditional surgery. In addition to this, a less bleeding occurs at the time
of robotic surgery (Abs.gov.au, 2018). Softwares are capable of detecting tumors in technology
is capable of detecting tumors at the initial stage. Not only this, a cheap and effective manner.
Diagnostic imaging technology, a form of artificial intelligence is capable of detecting tumors
with more accuracy than that of any person. However, patients are showing interests to take help
of new technologies like artificial intelligence and robotics because they want quick recovery
from their illnesses. The framework of connecting medical devices, which is also known as
internet of medical things (IoMT) is made possible due to the resurgence of artificial intelligence
(Accountantsdaily.com.au 2018).
It is seen that nowadays medical practitioner’s reviews as well as interprets the
mammograms 30 times quicker due to the emergence of artificial intelligence. In most of the
cases, 99% accuracy is achieved by doctors while reviewing as well as interpreting the
mammograms (Accountantsdaily.com.au 2018). In future, it might happen that doctors are
replaced by robots at the time of detecting, or diagnosing the diseases of the patients. In this
context, it can be stated that artificial intelligence along with robotics is becoming an important
aspect of our life (Yang et al. 2018) In other words, there are high chances that medical
practitioners might lose their jobs due to emergence of artificial intelligence along with robotics.
In accordance with the opinion of Ashrafian, Darzi and Athanasiou (2015), it is expected
by the surgeons that robots can perform the complex tasks more efficiently than that of human
beings. It has been observed that robotics has been used in curing heart diseases of the patients
(Spiro, Bruce and Brewer 2017). In this context, it can be stated that robotic prostatectomy has
been used in private health and social care settings of Australia for treating prostate cancer
(Accountantsdaily.com.au 2018). Robotic miral valve surgery has been used for curing patients

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suffering from heart failures. It has been observed that robotic surgery is much more expensive
than that of normal surgery. It costs a minimum of $5000 more than that of normal surgery
(Abc.net.au 2018). It has been observed that if a patient is suffering from prostate cancer and
opts for robotic surgery, then he or she might not have to take chemotherapy and can return
home within 24 hours.
In 2014, about 5231 taxies had carried 42,000, 000 passengers in Victoria, Australia. In
2014, about 7162 taxies are carrying 174, 600, 000 passengers in New South Wales, Australia
(Atia.com.au 2018). Global Positioning System (GPS) can be explained as the navigation
technology which provides information about a place or the location. It has been noticed GPS, a
new kind of artificial intelligence has helped the taxi owners of Australia the address of
consumers. It has also aided the taxi drivers to obtain the details of destination chosen by the
consumer. In the opinion of Ding et al. (2018), artificial intelligence is imprinted on every gadget
like washing machines, cars, automobiles, mobile phones etc. It is expected that autonomous cars
including taxis will dominate the competitive market of Australia (Wang et al. 2018).These
autonomous cars will curtail job of many individuals. It is expected that these driverless cars
including taxies will take over the market of Australia by 2020 (Atia.com.au 2018). Not only
this, approximately 40% jobs will become automated by the year of 2025 (Atia.com.au 2018). As
a result, many people will become jobless and this is raising concerns among the common people
staying in Australia.
In the opinion of Müller and Bostrom (2016), self-driving taxis will save more fuel in
comparison with normal taxis. In this context, it can be stated that networked car fleets will
decrease consumption of energy by decreasing traffic congestion (Kim et al. 2016). This is also
applicable for taxis of Australia. It has been observed that it might happen in future that robot

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drivers are driving the taxis instead of humans. It has been observed that most of the accidents
happens due to mistakes committed by drivers. In this context, it can be stated that in order to
avoid accidents, robots can drive the taxis of Australia. In this regard, it can be stated that there
are high possibilities that many drivers will lose their jobs. Therefore, the individuals are feeling
scared of losing their job. It has been observed that within the next 4-5 years, robotic taxis will
capture the market of Australia (Fei et al. 2018). It is expected that these taxis can be summoned
completely autonomous taxis by people through their mobile devices. It is expected that these
taxis will pick up the passengers from their home and take them to the nearest metro station. It
has been observed that autonomous taxis will save the consumption of energy than that of the
normal taxis. It has been noticed that robot taxis can carry at least 60% of its passengers (Steels
and Brooks 2018). As commented by Huang, Chen and Li (2018), number of taxies will be
reduced by at least 40% after the emergence of autonomous cars in the streets of Australia. As a
result, there will be few taxi manufacturers in the market. It becomes easier for the taxi owners to
track the location of these automated taxis they do not have to monitor the activities of the driver.
These robot taxies are capable of saving fuel. From the perspective of Steels and Brooks (2018),
resurgence robot taxies will cause uncertainty in the employment sector because many of the
cabdrivers will lose their job and the will become completely unemployed. Therefore, a sense of
fear and uncertainty regarding job loss is associated with the introduction of robotics in
Australian taxi industry.
It has been observed that robots are often used as teaching tools in the educational
institutes. Steels and Brooks (2018)commented that robots are used within the premises of
schools for teaching them subjects like Mathematics, Science along with language. It is seen that
students seem to enjoy this human-like communication with the robots. On the contrary, teachers

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do not believe in the technical abilities of a robot. These tutors do not want these robots to
become teachers for the children. They want to control the activities of the robot. In this context,
Russell and Norvig (2016) commented that a majority of the students want more expression as
well as emotions from the robot. In other words, they want the robot to be more expressive
whenever the robot communicates with them. It is seen that smaller robots are usually used for
teaching robotics and computer science. It has been observed that humanoids are capable of
offering real-time feedback. Kim et al. (2016) asserted that the physical shape of humanoid
enhances engagement. In this regard, it can be commented that this kind of humanoid is capable
of offering solutions to various problems such as shyness and reluctance, which might arise at
the time of dealing with the human teacher. Not only this, humanoid is capable of providing
solutions to different problems such as frustration as well as confidence which might arise at the
time of communicating with the human teacher (Tirgul and Naik 2016).
It has been found that tutor also remotely connects to students of classroom through robot. This
is another way of teaching English to its students. It has been observed that inaccurate speech
and emotion recognition are some of the technological limitations of humanoid robots. From the
perspective of Steels and Brooks (2018), admission procedure can be completed quickly through
the usage of artificial intelligence. In addition to this, AI is of decreasing the excessive pressure
of the tutors by streamlining the process of admission. It is expected that human grading system
will be soon replaced by automated machines Fei et al. (2018). Automating the procedure of
paperwork along with support for the learners with common questions through chatbot as well as
interactive website materials improves the procedures for the administrators as well as students
(Fei et al. 2018). In other words, it can be stated that it becomes easier for administrators that
they do not have to do paperwork; they can rely on machines for doing the paperwork with more

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accuracy. On the other hand, students are getting educational support from chatbot in order to get
admission in schools and colleges. Therefore, it is expected that teachers will lose jobs after the
emergence of machines. Moreover, the emergence of robots and machines has created a sense of
fear as well as insecurity among the humans. In other words, incorporation of artificial
intelligence as well as robots in the schools and colleges will compel the authorities to curtail the
jobs of several tutors and administrations. In the opinion of Bond and Gasser (2014), it will
create a negative impact on the employment sector of Australia.
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be stated that machines are replacing humans at the
workplace. In some cases, teachers are controlling robots for teaching diverse subjects to their
students. In addition to this, medical practitioners also control robots at the time of surgeries. It
has been observed that artificial intelligence along with robotics is considered as an
indispensable aspect of life. Highly experienced people are operating the robots. Individuals with
vast knowledge in computer science and health informatics can handle artificial intelligence in
an appropriate manner. Not only this, people having thorough knowledge in information has
technology as well as engineering handled artificial intelligence as well as robotics. In other
words, highly experienced individuals with knowledge in subjects like computer science,
engineering, information technology, health informatics can incorporate artificial intelligence as
well as robotics in their respective fields. It has been observed that many skilled professionals
have to lose their employment as machines will take over the employment sector. As a result, the
leaders as well as the managers will have to terminate many employees in order to incorporate
artificial intelligence and robotics in a proper manner. In other words, the managers along with