An Analysis of AI and Robotics: Implementation in the Workplace

This report delves into the integration of AI and robotics in the workplace, examining its transformative impact on various sectors. It begins with an overview of AI and robotics, highlighting their advantages, such as increased efficiency, reduced errors, and the ability to perform dangerous tasks. The re...Read More

Running head: AI AND ROBOTICS
AI AND ROBOTICS
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Abstract
Technological developments have been bringing in revolutions in different sectors. The
incorporation of AI and robots in the operations of the organizations play a vital role in the
growth of the organization towards the virtual world. The advantages of AI can help in
reducing the complexities of work. There are advantages as well as disadvantages of AI and
robots. The paper will discuss on both the aspects and why this should be considered by the
organizations. Lastly, the paper discusses the research methodology that will be used to
analyze the topic.

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Background............................................................................................................................3
Aims and objectives of the research.......................................................................................3
Research Questions................................................................................................................3
Literature Review.......................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology...............................................................................................................8
Data Collection Method.........................................................................................................8
Data Analysis Method............................................................................................................8
Sample Size............................................................................................................................9
Ethical Issues..........................................................................................................................9
Risk associated with the research methodology.....................................................................9
Milestones in the research work...............................................................................................10
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................12

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Introduction
Background
Modernization in information technologies and developments of different machines
that are powered by AI or artificial intelligence has been a revolution in the workplace. The
use of computer systems, complex algorithms and software are helping in simplifying day-to-
day tasks and organizations are trying to adopt these technologies in their framework to
provide better customer services. The various factors which can be a hindrance in adopting
this technology are a vital factor that needs to be considered by the organizations (Wachter,
Mittelstadt and Floridi 2017). There are various fields of AI and among these robotics will be
focused on. In this paper, the use of AI and robotics in the workplace will be discussed on.
The various advantages and disadvantages of adopting this technology will be found out from
the existing literature. The perspective of people on the same will be analyzed as well so that
the scenario can be understood in a better way.
Aims and objectives of the research
The aims and objectives of this research are given below:
1. To analyze the need for implementing artificial intelligence and robotics in workplace.
2. To understand the issues related to this technology.
3. To find out why organizations should consider adopting this technology.
Research Questions
The research questions are given below
1. What is the need for implementation of artificial intelligence and robotics in the
workplace?

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2. What are the various issues that the organizations have to face in order to implement this
technology?
3. What are the advantages that the organizations will get after adopting this technology?
Literature Review
As per the research done by Chaus, (2019), the rapid developments in artificial
intelligence and robotics cane be linked with the automation of work. The replacement of
humans by machines for some specific tasks such as in production will help in enhancing
work efficiency. The technology is helping the organizations to provide better customer
services by the use of chatbots and many such things. Artificial intelligence is also getting
engaged to various activities that previously required human judgment as well as experience.
Many examples proof that artificial intelligence and robotics has already found its application
in the work place. The University of Hertfordshire has come up with a humanoid robot
named KASPAR that is made use of as therapeutic toy for kids with autism so that their
social interaction skills. Artificial intelligence can help in doing the repetitive tasks with ease
and hence save a lot of time. AI has the potential to automate processes in case of repeating
tasks such as those that are executed in workstation of a specific manufacturer’s production
line that were otherwise driven by the humans. When there is repetition for several times, the
software can identify various patterns and develop an algorithm that in turn can help in
accomplishing routine tasks in a much easier as well as quicker way. Studies suggest that AI
bring in improvisations in the quality at the same time enhancing productivity. Human error
has a drastic effect on the projects and thus by making use of AI software there are less
chances of malfunction (Rajan and Saffiotti 2017). AI can be made use of to execute certain
dangerous functions that are performed in labor-intensive industries. It can be made use of in
detecting health and safety related violations with the help of visual recognition software.

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This will help the organizations to monitor behavior of the employees at the workplace in real
time thus enforcing policies which can minimize risks.
As per the research done by Russell and Norvig (2016), the long term effects of AI
and robotics in the workplace can affect the employment of the workers. AI and robotics is
progressing at a rapid rate and there is a common perspective in the society that in near future
robots will take away all the jobs from the humans. The effect of the robots and AI on various
norms related to work, employment and concerns related to the same in developing
economies are not well understood. This is because their social acceptance differs between
developed and developing economies. The researchers are of the opinion that in the labor-
intensive economies such as Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa the consequences
of automation will be felt hugely. When considering the full replacement of humans with
robots there emerges some doubt as though laced with artificial intelligence, robots lack in
understanding emotional feelings and take sudden decisions. Another major concern is
adapting to the changing work environment. This has a vital role to play as in an environment
where robots and humans are working together, the humans need to bring in changes in their
work behavior and understand that they are now working with machines. The collaborative
workforce is considered by the researchers as wave of the future and is seen to have
enormous implications for employment in the age of automation (Russell, Hauert, Altman
and Veloso 2015). The robots deployed in different factories require frequent reprogramming
when they have to face different situations thus it can be said that it is not possible that robots
will completely replace the robots. In this context knowledge management is more important
and the employees in the organization need to be given proper training to work with
machines around. Studies suggest that the technology can be a success only when the humans
accept the robots as their co-workers and change their resistant mindset with the changing
technology.

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As per the research done by Dirican (2015), incorporating AI and robotics at the
workplace will have various impacts on organization of work. In the economic context, it can
be said that many of the jobs will be done by intelligent software and machines instead of
humans. The parameter for this differentiation will not be physical and cognitive work but
rather be routine and non-routine work. Robots have been used mostly in the manufacturing
industries and studies suggest that 66 industrial robots have been installed per 10,000
employees in manufacturing sector (Wisskirchen et al. 2017). International statistics suggest
that Japan has the maximum density of robots in the automotive industries. There is no doubt
that when working with robots, humans have to handle task complexity and this will increase
by the interfaces in between ICT and the robots. Other aspects that may contribute
complexity of tasks at the workplace are multitasking, anticipation of the actions of the robots
as well as the decisional procedures. With the increase in the number of complexities of these
interfaces, the capacity of human intervention will be limited and add to the problems.
Amidst all these concerns related to the technology, there are positive aspects as well that can
help the organizations to grow. The successful implementation of the technology in the
workplace depends on the social scientists, computer scientists and the engineering scientists.
There has been an increase in the robotic applications in sectors such as agriculture, surgery
and healthcare revealing its potential and associated challenges of the use of the same in
almost all spheres. As per the research done by Laird, Lebiere and Rosenbloom (2017), there
has been an increase in the intuitive use of technology specifically in case of ICT products.
Automated systems are being chosen by the society so that they can make use of the modern
technology to simplify their work.
As per the research done by Grace et al. (2018), artificial intelligence and robots can
perform different repetitive as well as demanding tasks in less time. The robots can be made
use of to increase safety level in the workplace by performing such tasks that involve life

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risk. They can work with corrosive acids and hot materials. The problem is that the robots are
still not sophisticated to work with humans. Studies suggest that there are very less such
instances where robots are found to cause accidents in workplace (Dirican 2015). Accidents if
any take place in the programming and maintenance processes. Data analytics helps in
providing deeper insights to businesses and natural language processing permits for
intelligent search engines, better accessibility as well as better accessibility for those people
who have visual disabilities. Some of the major uses of AI in the business sector are as
follows:
1. Transfer and cross-reference data
2. Updating files
3. Forecasting behavior of consumers and recommending products
4. Detecting frauds
5. Customer services
As per the research done by Siau and Wang (2018), the most important aspect of using robots
at the workplace is safety. Humans can be relieved by delegating dangerous or critical tasks
to robots and they will also help in increasing the speed of work. Studies suggest that AI and
robots can handle effectively one of the main constraints of project management that is time.
Robots unlike humans will never get stressed out or distracted thus accuracy can be expected
in the work done by robots. Robots can be made to do such tasks that generally people do not
want to do and thus employees can utilize their time in learning new concepts, participating
in innovative workplace projects and many more. Some of the researchers are of the opinion
that robots will not take away jobs rather they will bring a change in the existing jobs. They
will require programmers and scientists to handle them rather monitor or supervise them.

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Research Methodology
Data Collection Method
There exist two different methods of data collection that are primary and secondary
data collection methods. Secondary data refers to the data that are collected from books,
magazines, online portals, journals and many more such existing sources. This type of data is
available in abundance and gives a clear idea about the ideas of the experts of the field. There
concept regarding the same helps in analyzing the topic in a better way (Mohajan 2018).
Contrary to this, primary data collection methods have two different sub categories that are
quantitative data collection method and qualitative method. Quantitative data collection
methods rely upon mathematical calculations of different formats including questionnaires
having close-ended questions and many other such methods (Mackey and Gass 2015).
Qualitative research methods are related to feelings, emotions and other such non-
quantifiable elements. This ensures deeper level of understanding and the methods consist of
interviews, questionnaires having open-ended questions and many more such things. In this
research, both primary as well as secondary data will be considered. In the primary data
qualitative data analysis will be done and survey will be conducted to understand the
perception of people about AI and robotics in work place.
Data Analysis Method
Qualitative data analysis will be used in this research. The data collected will be got
familiar with so that basic patterns and observations can be found out. The research
objectives will be revisited and questions identified that can be possibly answered by the help
of the data that will be collected. The broad ideas, related concepts and behaviors will be used
to develop a proper framework that in turn will help in structuring as well as labeling the
collected data (Fletcher 2017). The patterns identified in the collected data will help in
identifying the themes so that appropriate conclusion can be drawn from the same.

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Sample Size
Sample size is important in case of surveys as bigger the sample size more accurate
the result. In this research, survey will be conducted and open-ended questions will be there
in the survey. Sample size being too large leads to wastage of resources and the study having
small sample size will produce inconclusive results (Silverman 2016). Thus in this research,
the opinions of 50 respondents will be considered.
Ethical Issues
The ethical issues should be considered in the research and dealt with properly. The
respondents in the survey must be well informed of the use of the data being collected. The
data collected will be relevant to the topic. The personal data if collected will not be misused
in the research work (Roberts 2015). The sources from where the data has been taken will be
disclosed and cited. The content taken from different journals will be cited giving credit to
the same. It will be ensured that from planning to publication ethics will be given highest
priority and no unethical work will be done. The respondents taking part in the survey will
not be influenced to support or go against the topic.
Risk associated with the research methodology
Qualitative research raises various concerns related to the protection of confidentiality
of the participants and the third parties referred to in the transcribed narratives as well. There
are instances where qualitative research has induced negative psychological states and give
rise to ethical concerns. In the case of secondary data, there are high chances that the sources
are misinterpreted thus while conducting the research the journals and other secondary
sources will be understood properly so that data collected is relevant. While conducting
surveys the questions should be appropriate so that the respondents are a part of it and proper
results are obtained (Townsend and Wallace 2016). There are instances where researchers

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disgrace from the research questions while referring to too many secondary sources which
affect the research work. It will be taken care of that at each step the research questions and
objectives are revisited so that the content at the end is topic relevant. There are various other
risks in the primary data collection methods such as cost and time. In this case as online
survey has been selected the cost has been reduced to a greater extent. But the time factor is
there as creating a survey and sending it people, then obtaining results and analyzing the
same will take time.
Milestones in the research work
Research Activities Time taken for the activities
Selecting the topic 0-2 weeks
Reviewing the literature 3-6 weeks
Collection of relevant data 7-8 weeks
Analysis of data 9-10 weeks
Final Thesis 14th week
Table 1: Milestones of the research
Figure: Gantt chart
(Source created by author)
Conclusion
From the above
discussion it is clear that,
organizations are trying to
0-2 3-6 7-8 9-10 14th
Research
Activities
Weeks Weeks Weeks Weeks Week
selection
of Research
topic
*
Literature
Review
Data
collection
Data
analysis
Final
business
Research
thesis

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adopt AI and robotics but certain perceptions such as robots will take away the jobs hold back
many organizations to bring in the new technology to their premises. The various advantages
of using robots and AI in the organizational operations are the reasons why organizations
want to implement this technological change in their organization. The other major factor is
that in order to successfully implement AI tools in their operations, organizations are required
to provide proper training to the employees about the new technology so that they can
connect themselves well with the new developments. Examples of the use of robots and AI
suggest that these have already started revolutionizing the businesses operations. The
increasing use of automated vehicles in countries like Japan suggests that there are chances
that in near future this technology will be widely used in different sectors as well. The
research methodology is clearly stated and the research will be conducted as per the selected
methods. The ethical concerns will be given maximum priority while conducting the research
and the risks associated with the research methodology will be handled accordingly. Thus, it
can be concluded that the negative aspects of the technology can be handled if proper
measures are taken and proper training given to the workforce.

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References
Chaus, O., 2019. Artificial intelligence and robotics. In Modern technologies: improving the
present and impacting the future. Дніпровський національний університет залізничного
транспорту імені академіка В. Лазаряна.
Dirican, C., 2015. The impacts of robotics, artificial intelligence on business and
economics. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, pp.564-573.
Fletcher, A.J., 2017. Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets
method. International journal of social research methodology, 20(2), pp.181-194.
Grace, K., Salvatier, J., Dafoe, A., Zhang, B. and Evans, O., 2018. When will AI exceed
human performance? Evidence from AI experts. Journal of Artificial Intelligence
Research, 62, pp.729-754.
Laird, J.E., Lebiere, C. and Rosenbloom, P.S., 2017. A standard model of the mind: Toward a
common computational framework across artificial intelligence, cognitive science,
neuroscience, and robotics. Ai Magazine, 38(4), pp.13-26.
Mackey, A. and Gass, S.M., 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design.
Routledge.
Mohajan, H.K., 2018. Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related
subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), pp.23-48.
Rajan, K. and Saffiotti, A., 2017. Towards a science of integrated AI and Robotics.
Roberts, L.D., 2015. Ethical issues in conducting qualitative research in online
communities. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 12(3), pp.314-325.

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Russell, S., Hauert, S., Altman, R. and Veloso, M., 2015. Ethics of artificial
intelligence. Nature, 521(7553), pp.415-416.
Russell, S.J. and Norvig, P., 2016. Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia;
Pearson Education Limited,.
Siau, K. and Wang, W., 2018. Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and
robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31(2), pp.47-53.
Silverman, D. ed., 2016. Qualitative research. Sage.
Townsend, L. and Wallace, C., 2016. Social media research: A guide to ethics. University of
Aberdeen, pp.1-16.
Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B. and Floridi, L., 2017. Transparent, explainable, and accountable
AI for robotics.
Wisskirchen, G., Biacabe, B.T., Bormann, U., Muntz, A., Niehaus, G., Soler, G.J. and von
Brauchitsch, B., 2017. Artificial intelligence and robotics and their impact on the
workplace. IBA Global Employment Institute, pp.2012-2017.