Analyzing the Effects of AI: A Semester-Long Computing Project

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Computing Research Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LO1..................................................................................................................................................1
P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis
supported by a literature review..................................................................................................1
P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research
[M1].............................................................................................................................................4
LO2..................................................................................................................................................6
P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing
research project that consider costs, access and ethical issues[M2]............................................6
P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data................................10
LO3................................................................................................................................................15
P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience.[M3]
...................................................................................................................................................15
LO4................................................................................................................................................16
P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods applied for meeting objectives of the
business research project[M4]...................................................................................................16
P7 Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view of the
outcomes[M4]............................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19

LO1
P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported
by a literature review.
Topic: To understand impact of Artificial Intelligence.
Research Background
McCarthy was the first person to coin to term Artificial Intelligence for this research project in
year 1856 at Dartmouth College. During the period Artificial intelligence was referred as science
and engineering used for making intelligent machines. The project of McCarthy was just a
catalyst that supported AI to be a particular discipline individually. AI ever since has continued
to progress in its field. But predicting future for AI is quite difficult as it is very vastly spread.
Current progression in the field of AI, can be used for estimating that development in AI will
effectively fit and will also shape the advancing technologies as well as societies as a whole in
future (Amodei et al 2016). Currently, in this project, studies will be regarding AI to establish
perception regarding importance and impact of AI upon on human live and society. With the
advancing science and technology the rate of integrating AI upon different machines is
increasing for performing different activities to minimize the efforts of human for performing
tough task and calculation Advancing AI and its implementation states that in future AI has high
potential and scope, thus making it a eminent topic among different researchers.
Research questions
As a baseline to conduct the research project, the researcher has considered some questions
related to the topic of understanding various present and future impact of AI on human and the
society.
1. How does AI aid the in-depth exploration of an environment or system?
2. What role may AI play in generating content for big brand products and services?
3. How does AI and machine learning contribute to the innovative use of technology e.g.
robotics, automotive transportation?
4. What impact will the future influences of AI have in our daily lives
1

Project Aim:
The current research project aims to analyse and evaluate various prospective of Artificial
Intelligence along with its probable impacts upon on society and human.
Project Objectives:
● To examine and investigate regarding Artificial Intelligence along with its impacts.
● To discuss various negative and positive characteristic of AI.
● To elucidate experiences of user regarding integration of AI upon various business
operations and daily activities.
Literature review
Automation has been effectively capable of reducing the overall labor and material cost along
with time required for performing a particular action traditionally as per Barr, and Feigenbaum,
(2014). With proper implementation of automation the overall product quantity and quality has
been enhanced as the machines are not affected by fatigued and same repeated function can be
performed by the machine consistently without distraction unlike human workforce. But simple
machines are restricted to perform only repetitive and monotonous tasks. But, advancement in
the field of technology has supported in the integration of AI on machine making it efficient to
perform complex and unpredictable task automatically without much human need.
As per Charniak, (1985), the machine and AI will be effective in replacing all the human labor in
about 100 years. Presently, one of the common area that are gaining interest of many
organizations and investors is technology of driverless cars. These cars according to Crawford,
and Calo, (2016), are having robotic reaction to different situations with constant alertness of the
environment with a focus upon enhancing the safety of traveler seating in the car. Roads with
driverless and machine operated autonomous car will be effective in reducing the chances of
accident, congestion and level of pollution. However, the same technology will result in reducing
job security and job oppurtubity of millions of drivers.
2

AI is also becoming common among user as it proves to be an effective assistant. Example, AI
integrated car can alert the drivers seating in the car by predicting the emergency situation
through prediction, apply emergency brakes if required, can control speed etc. Thus, Artificial
Intelligence can be used for increasing the overall efficiency and performance of human being
for performing various tasks through monitoring and controlling. According to Minsky (1961),
Machines offers data consistency and accuracy, along with that machine are capable of
computing various multifaceted calculation in less them second unlike human being. Therefore,
AI can be considered to generate different solution for a specific problem even in presence of
quantifiable or limited resources. Genetic algorithms and generative design of AI is very much
effectual in producing precise outputs.
3

P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research
[M1].
Research design: For the current research project to understand and identify various impacts of
AI, the first step is to choose the research design that provides outline for the project roughly.
Research design is effective in defining different factors and methods which must be considered
for actual research on the topic (Burke, 2013). Research design effectively provides a structure
involving descriptive, casual, and exploratory manner. For the current project descriptive
research design has been chosen by the researcher for conducting and coming into a precise
outcome.
Research philosophy: It supports in data collection together with analysis. Research philosophy
in general deals with character classification and knowledge regarding AI in the current project
for achieving project aims and objectives. Generally, Research Philosophy is Interpretivism,
Positivism and Realism. For the current project, positivism philosophy has been selected by the
researcher for effective completion and execution of the project.
Research approach: This provides guidance to the researcher for conducting research by
gathering various data and information for interpreting conclusion regarding the selected topic.
Deductive approaches have been used in the current project for deciding hypothesis for the
research done (Burke, 2013).
Research strategy: This is required for establishing link between theory and selected research
question. Research strategies are of two types i.e. qualitative and quantitative. In case of
Quantitative research, the approach is deductive. And in case of qualitative research it is a
inductive approach. Being a research project, more information and data are to be collected for
project completion hence both approaches has been effectively applied.
Data collection: It is a considered as important element for a research project to gather various
information and knowledge regarding the selected topic from various sources. All the data
collected become base line, and effectively supports researcher to get proper understanding of
the selected topic to make effective conclusion accordingly. Data collection can be done through
ether primarily or secondarily method. Fresh data are collected in case of implementing primary
4

method while in case of secondary research; data are collected by referring different mediums
and sources like books, Journals and internets. In the present project mixed method of data
collection.
Sampling techniques: This technique is considered as an important element to be considered for
conducting survey to collect data and information (Heagney, 2016.). Surveys are conducted for
selecting the size o sample and on the basis of observations sample size for respondents are
selected for understanding various prospective of Artificial Intelligence. Currently, for the
research project random sampling techniques along with 30 respondents were chosen.
5

LO2
P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing research
project that consider costs, access and ethical issues[M2].
Threats and Project Expenses: Project execution and completion includes various expenses.
Main expenses involved in a research project are regarding data collection using different
primary and secondary resources (Heagney, 2016). For the current project the overall project
expenses are moderate. Being a research project to understand the impact of AI the main focus is
given upon collection of data via interviews and by designing questionnaire distributed to 30
respondents randomly. Other source of data collection was books, online article, internet etc.
There were no or less threats, the only threat involved in the project was related to timely
completion of the project.
Ethical consideration: Various constraints regarding the project have been considered by the
researcher even before execution and completion. Some issues that could impact the overall
project were related to ethical issues including data integrity and confidentiality of the
respondents. Therefore data storage was done securely using excel sheet that was also effective
in offering error free outcome (Chapman, and Ward, 1996). The questionnaire designed for
respondent was designed careful without any directly question harming the respondent’s
sentiments or values in anyways.
Action plan:
6

Figure 1: Action Plan
Figure 2: Gantt chart
7

Questionnaire Designing: The researcher of the current project has developed a questionnaire
consisting a series of question that are then distributed among random respondents for getting
their opinion and views on the chosen topic. The data collected as responses from the
questionnaire are then analysed for coming into a conclusion about understanding AI and its
various impacts. In the questionnaires, researcher has asked open ended questions to the
respondents.
Questionnaire:
1. Have ever heard about Artificial Intelligence?
i. Yes
ii. No
iii. Maybe
2. According to you “Advancement of AI will have what kind of effect in human lives
and society?”
i. Better
ii. Worse
iii. Won’t change
3. Where do you prefer AI?
i. Smart Virtual assistance
ii. Chatbot
iii. Market research
4. What is the common benefit of artificial intelligence technology?
i. AI and poverty
ii. AI and everyday life
iii. AI and Travel
iv. AI and business opportunities
v. AI and industries
5. What is your main concern regarding AI and automation implementation?
8

i. Loss o information and data due to hacking of AI machine
ii. Machine with AI becoming more intelligent
iii. Unreliability in AI integrated machined
9

P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools analyse research findings and data.
1. Have ever heard about Artificial Intelligence?
Yes 21
No 5
Maybe 4
70%
17%
13%
Yes No Maybe
Almost 3/4th of the population covering 70 % of the respondents has prior information about
Artificial intelligence. However, there were other 30 % of the respondents who were not aware
of automation or the term Artificial Intelligence.
2. According to you “Advancement of AI will have what kind of effect in human lives
and society?”
Better 15
Worse 10
Won’t change 5
10