Exploring the Dual Nature of AI: Threat and Aid (CS101, Module 2)

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This essay explores AI's impact on humanity.

Is Artificial Intelligence a threat or an aid to the future of
humanity?

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Thesis Statement..............................................................................................................................4
Discussion........................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
Reference List................................................................................................................................12
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Introduction
Application of intelligence is the main characteristics of human behaviour that has helped the
species to acquire the position in the environment. Artificial Intelligence is the latest
technological inventions, which has massive impact on contemporary processes. Artificial
intelligence is a replication of human cognitive behaviour and it is often considered that it
introduces better result than human beings do. In recent times, company authorities are acquiring
help from artificial intelligence more than they are relying on employees as both internal and
external factors have lesser effects on AI. This essay highlights different positive and negative
effects of Artificial Intelligence. With available examples, positive effects of AI on medical
industry and other different jobs and negative impact on society and data protection is also
mentioned along with their dimensions in contemporary society. Arguments and counter-
arguments are expressed with proper pieces of evidence and better use of artificial intelligence is
recommended.
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Thesis Statement
This essay will introduce an argument whether artificial intelligence is improving human society
and human being or hampering the future. Fundamental risks of using Artificial Intelligence in
different daily life operations are also mentioned through proper ways.
Discussion
Artificial Intelligence is the fruit of contemporary technology advancement. It is designed to
mimic different cognitive functions of human being and this process is acting as catalyst
regarding paradigm shift to the systems of healthcare. According to Russell and Norvig (2016),
in contemporary healthcare system, Artificial Intelligence is generally applied to different
healthcare functions such as structuring data in healthcare through methods of machine learning,
processing natural language and different tools of Artificial intelligence are used in neurology
department, cardiology department and cancer diagnosis and treatment processes. On the other
hand, Peek et al. (2018) opined that in cases of cardiac, brain arrests, application of artificial
intelligence can be used in three main areas such as detection, diagnosis, and treatment and it can
help to predict certain malfunctions in human body.
In healthcare system, assessment in health care data is essentially important. It is mentioned by
Park and Han (2018), prior to the introduction of AI in medical field, it is seen that companies
were used to provide training to manage huge data and authorities of healthcare providers had to
introduce special training to employees regarding data protection. There are different aspects of
data types such as Diagnostic Imaging, Electro diagnosis, genetic, Disability Evaluation and
Mass Screening, which are maintained by artificial intelligence in medical industry.
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Figure 1: AI use in different health care Data
(Source: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2017)
There are different devices available in and all Artificial Intelligence devices are generally
divided into major categories. Machine Learning (ML) is the first category through which
analysis of EP data, genetic data and data regarding imaging is done properly. On the other hand,
Jiang et al. (2017) mentioned that Natural Language Process (NLP) is one of the major aspects
that improve the structure of medical data by acquiring important information from unstructured
data. In clinical decision making aspect, importance of machine learning is very high as it has the
capabilities to improve the agility of medical processes and better service can be used to care
users.
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Figure 2: Use of AI Devices in Medical processes
(Source: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2017)
AI system has created huge impacts on Cancer, Neurology and Cardiology department.
Hengstler et al. (2016) mention it, in order to improve the medical service in oncology, IBM
Watson is one of the most reliable systems of Artificial Intelligence through which diagnosis
processes of cancer are improved and it becomes more agile. On the other hand, Jiang et al.
(2017) mentioned that in recent time, an AI system is developed in order to control and monitor
movement of Quadriplegia Patients which is one of the stepping stones regarding the usage of
AI to cure neuro-patients. According to Hengstler et al. (2016), potential application of AI
systems can be introduced through three-dimensional images of heart by which better diagnosis
and treatment can be introduced properly.
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Figure 3: Use of AI in different diagnostic processes
(Source: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2017)
Contemporary world is submerged in the influence of Artificial Intelligence and it has certain
impacts on society regarding the need of human being in different service sectors. AI is changing
the context of transportation industry (forbes.com, 2018). In recent times, companies such as
Uber and Lyft are changing the contemporary condition of the conventional taxi services. GPS
navigation through software is introducing huge changes in the industry as new applications such
as Car Pool, which has more than 50 million users all over the world. Conventional taxi drivers
are facing challenges because of new trends in the industry. On the other hand, companies such
as Tesla has introduced self-driving cars with the system of autopilot therefore, huge driving jobs
are in jeopardy in recent times.
Artificial Intelligence is also interfering in criminal justice systems as facial recognition process
is making the concept of fingerprint obsolete. On the other hand, start-up businesses are mostly
encouraged to use AI in order to maintain legal aspects of doing business. On the other hand, it is
seen in contemporary criminal justice cases that judges are introducing their judgments by using
Artificial Intelligence (forbes.com, 2018). According to overuse of AI systems can make the
whole process vulnerable as data security in legal context is given the highest priority. Social
credit system is being applied in different countries in order to introduce virtual identity and
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employability of a person is depending on the social credit score. A recent report regarding the
advancement of Artificial intelligence has shown that different jobs are in jeopardy as it is
estimated that by the year of 2053, AI will conduct capital-working share of the medical industry
including surgery (forbes.com, 2018).
It is mentioned in a recent report that automation in different business processes has their
vulnerabilities because of cyber attacks. Automation in every sector provides opportunities to the
hacker to hack different database according to their needs through simple and improved tools.
Database security system is needed to be improved through which false position of the use of
technology can be mitigated through perfect way.
It has been observed from different instances that profoundly applied Artificial Intelligence can
be represented as an aid from the perspective of humanity’s future. Artificial Intelligence can
reproduce enormous amount of useful applications for day-to-day use. As an instance, Artificial
Intelligence helps to bring out different applications and software like Cortana, Siri, Android
Google and many more. All of those applications are digital personal assistant and it is not
possible to build those applications without the aid of Artificial Intelligence. In addition to that,
Artificial Intelligence can help to reduce the errors of different applications at a far greater
extension in order to move up the efficiencies of different applications and software at a far
greater extension (Wang and Srinivasan, 2017).
Artificial Intelligence in addition with robotics usually helps at fuel exploration and mining
process at far greater extension. Additionally, the diverse applications of Artificial Intelligence
can help to build up complex machines. Other computed methods such as automated reasoning,
perception and learning can be done through the diverse applications of Artificial Intelligence.
Applications like Siri and Cortana, which has been made out of Artificial Intelligence helps at
doing those perceptions and automated reasoning at a greater extension.
The extensiveness and efficiency of things like translators and GPS can further be enhanced
through the applications of Artificial Intelligence. Human error into different work forms can be
identified and rectified by Artificial Intelligence. Different banking and financial institutes
extensively use the diverse applications of Artificial Intelligence in order to manage and organize
data in a profound manner have. Fraud detection is also possible by the aids of Artificial
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Intelligence (Daut et al., 2017). In addition to that, digital assistant can be crafted through the
help of Artificial Intelligence. Many organizations that are highly advanced generally use
Artificial Intelligence in order to make interaction with their consumer base at certain extension.
Artificial Intelligence moves down the prefabricated need of human resources.
Since Artificial Intelligence does not have any form of emotional sides, which make the
applications of Artificial Intelligence to think in a logical way. Jobs that are very repetitive in
nature can profoundly carry out through the help of Artificial Intelligence. Since machines can
think faster in comparison with human intelligence, very complex works are generally being
done through the help of Artificial Intelligence (Ernest et al., 2016). The need of multitasking
can be fulfilled through the help of Artificial Intelligence. Faster calculations of different
parameters can also be done through the help of Artificial Intelligence.
Despite the fact that Artificial Intelligence can bring out lots of aids towards the human society,
it is not deniable that in some instances Artificial Intelligence can represent some threats towards
the prefabricated future of humanity. The key disadvantage of using Artificial Intelligence is
associated with its usage cost (Wang and Srinivasan, 2015). The machines that have been created
through Artificial Intelligence are generally very complex in nature and the maintenance costs of
those machines are very high. Server breakdown is also a very complex and regular problem
from the perspective of using Artificial Intelligence. Since a machine that has been crafted
through Artificial Intelligence does not have any moral values and emotions into them, they
cannot control their productivity. Thus, Artificial Intelligence cannot judge what is wrong and
what is right, which represent the biggest threat towards the future of humanity. Applications that
have been created through Artificial Intelligence generally work incorrectly in unfamiliar
situations since those applications has been designed to be used only in familiar situations.
The intelligence of human being has the capability of improving with different experiences.
However, it is not possible for Artificial Intelligence to grow and learn from different
experiences. Additionally, it is not possible for any kind of Artificial Intelligence to learn from
outer nature. Machines are generally unable to make responses into any changing environment.
Thus, it is not entirely possible to replace human intelligence with Artificial Intelligence at
greater extension (Jalalkamali et al., 2015). In addition to that, any form of concern and care
does not present into Artificial Intelligence and it cannot help to make distinction in between
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hardworking employee and inefficient employee. Creativity and imagination is also not possible
into the applications of Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence can help human intelligence
to be creative, but it is not possible for AI to be creative and imaginary.
The biggest disadvantage of Artificial Intelligence is it creates a very large scale of
unemployment, which is the most undesirable social phenomenon. If people lose their job due to
Artificial Intelligence, they can use their minds into destructive jobs in order to make money for
themselves. In addition to that, people generally will become very lazy and will certainly lose
their creativity by the extensive usage of Artificial Intelligence (Verónica Bolón et al., 2015). If
applied in by wrong hands, Artificial Intelligence can be very destructive and people can create
havoc through the help of AI applied machines. These are the main threats of Artificial
Intelligence in context with the future of humanity.
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Conclusion
Based on this entire essay, it can be concluded that the advancement of Artificial Intelligence
generally has two different key objectives, which are to advance and develop the prefabricated
science behind Artificial Intelligence and to promote the responsible usage of Artificial
Intelligence at a far greater extension. Through the help of this assignment, it is possible to find
out the prefabricated risks that have been associated with Artificial Intelligence at a far greater
extension. With proper skills and traits, it is possible to create an Artificial Intelligence system
that is dedicated towards conducting careful researches. The industry of technology and the
companies that are associated with technological advancement can move up the quality of their
software at a greater extension through the help of Artificial Intelligence. It can be concluded
from this assignment that any form of human error and software error can be identified and
solved by using Artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence generally empowers and arguments
human intelligence at a far greater extension, thus it can also be concluded that Artificial
Intelligence can help to grow human civilization despite the fact that it has some limitations and
disadvantages.
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Reference List
Daut, M.A.M., Hassan, M.Y., Abdullah, H., Rahman, H.A., Abdullah, M.P. and Hussin, F.,
2017. Building electrical energy consumption forecasting analysis using conventional and
artificial intelligence methods: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 70,
pp.1108-1118.
Ernest, N., Carroll, D., Schumacher, C., Clark, M., Cohen, K. and Lee, G., 2016. Genetic fuzzy
based artificial intelligence for unmanned combat aerial vehicle control in simulated air combat
missions. J Def Manag, 6(144), pp.2167-0374.
forbes.com (2018) 120 AI Predictions For 2019 Available At:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/gilpress/2018/12/09/120-ai-predictions-for-2019/#c193339688cd
[Accessed 5th January 2019]
forbes.com (2018) Is Artificial Intelligence A Detriment Or A Benefit To Society? Available At:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/06/19/is-artificial-intelligence-a-detriment-
or-a-benefit-to-society/#609f73649a5b [Accessed 5th January 2019]
forbes.com (2018) Three Impacts Of Artificial Intelligence On Society Available At:
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/06/13/three-impacts-of-artificial-
intelligence-on-society/#50a5249b6ec0 [Accessed 6th January 2019]
Hengstler, M., Enkel, E. and Duelli, S., 2016. Applied artificial intelligence and trust—The case
of autonomous vehicles and medical assistance devices. Technological Forecasting and Social
Change, 105, pp.105-120.
Jalalkamali, A., Moradi, M. and Moradi, N., 2015. Application of several artificial intelligence
models and ARIMAX model for forecasting drought using the Standardized Precipitation
Index. International journal of environmental science and technology, 12(4), pp.1201-1210.
Jiang, F., Jiang, Y., Zhi, H., Dong, Y., Li, H., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Dong, Q., Shen, H. and Wang,
Y., 2017. Artificial intelligence in healthcare: past, present and future. Stroke and vascular
neurology, 2(4), pp.230-243.
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