The Future of Humanity with AI: Threats and Opportunities (AI Ethics)

Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students. This essay explores the impact of AI on humanity.

Is Artificial Intelligence a threat or an
aid to the future of Humanity?
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
BODY...........................................................................................................................................................4
Definition of AI........................................................................................................................................4
THREATS OF AI TOWARDS HUMANITY....................................................................................................5
AIAS AN AID TOWARDS HUMANITY.........................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................9
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INTRODUCTION
There have been many types of changes being done in the field of science and technology, in order to
develop the certain set of facilities and services which serves as the boon for the lives if the people in
making the life of the people more comfortable and easy. One such major innovation which has been
done towards the life of the people is introducing the concept of Artificial Intelligence towards the daily
life of the people with an aim to provide the better set of facilities towards the various people all over
the world (Baum, 2015).
The term Artificial Intelligence is defined as the boon in the field of innovation, which provides a
different and unique way of thinking towards the best possible solutions for the upcoming problems. It
has been defined as the accurate set of codes being processed to serve the specific information by the
help of implementing various different codes used in order to develop the specialized set of instructions.
There are many applications of the AI which have been used such as Siri, Alexa, Google Assistant and
many more. Thus, in today’s world AI has been majorly used to construct the robots which functions in
same way as that of the human, where the set of programs and codes are developed in such a way that
they serve to function same as that of the human brain, having the high level of thinking along with the
defined set of functions and programs as the reason of which the robots are majorly developed
(Virgillito, 2017).
The AI is based on majorly three functions such as deep learning, neural networks and machine learning
which includes the in the detailed analysis of the collection of the concepts applied within the world of
Artificial Intelligence which includes processing of the natural language, mining of the data, software
driving (Recht and Bryan, 2017).
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BODY
Definition of AI
Artificial intelligence is the set of programs which are being made in order to develop the set of various
facilities which serves as the boon towards the working of the humans. In the today's world, the major
concentration has been done to apply the concepts of the Artificial Intelligence in such a way that the
robot is being constructed which has all the characteristics as per the humans such as the ability to
think, emotional behavior, solve the upcoming problems, etc. Thus, it serves difficult to construct the
robot which have the ability to think and act same way as the human, due to the reason that the human
brain has been defined as the collection of the incredible set of the data and the information which has
been gifted by default to every single human brain (Gurkaynak et al., 2016).
Over the centuries there have been many new set of the innovations and techniques which are applied
towards the living of the humans, among which the most profitable machine which has been developed
over the centuries is the development of the computer which has made the life of the humans more
easier and more flexible, where the computer has been defined as an electronic machine which takes
the input in the human-readable form and executes the input by converting it into the binary language
of 0’s and 1’s which computer understands and after the execution of the information the output is
again provided into the human-readable form. Thus, the computer works as per the set of the
instructions and the type of the input provided to them, they cannot think and perform the set of tasks
on their own. Thus, in order to resolve this problem the scientists have the aim to develop the computer
or the system in such a way that it has the ability to think and work in an independent form the same as
that of the human, which has been known as the concept of Artificial Intelligence (Złotowski et al.,
2017).
In the year 1956, the great computer scientist who was an American coined the term Artificial
Intelligence as the result of which he is also known as the father of AI, named as John Mc Carthy at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT). The field of an AI has been defined as one of the most
popular fields towards the growth and development of the living standards of the people, which
includes the combination of the various different fields which includes engineering, computer science,
biology, linguistics, mathematics, and psychology, etc. As per the latest information, the major aim of
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artificial intelligence is to mimic the intelligence of the human brain towards the creation of the
intelligent set of machines (Bundy, 2017).
The term Artificial Intelligence has been broadly divided into two categories which includes the strong
(general) and weak (narrow) AI, where the narrow AI serves to perform the single set of tasks which has
been defined in the existing set of software and hardware such as in Apple Siri, homes, cars, traffic
control, where it has been found that the set of such types of task are performed more efficiently by the
set of the gadgets as per the of a human. The other type of AI known as the general or the strong AI has
been trying to be implemented at the high speed where the AI has the capability to perform the
majority of the tasks at the same interval of time, which also has the ability to work same as that of the
human thinking and capabilities (Makridakis, 2017).
THREATS OF AI TOWARDS HUMANITY
As per the information of the Director of Engineering of Google, named as Ray Kurzweil AI will capture
the human intelligence till 2029, and by 2045 AI will become the most intelligent species over the
planet, as the development towards the achievement of this objective has been started over the past
few years where there are many sets of the applications based on the AI such as the computer
developed by the IBM in 1997 as Deep Blue beat Garry Kasparov in the field of chess has become the
first computer to defeat the world champion , despite of this Microsoft has developed the software in
the past few years which has been termed better in terms of the image classification as that of the
capability of their human (Russell et al., 2015).
The major issue related to an AI is the introduction of the new set of the techniques and intimidations
defined in AI towards the intelligence of humans. As per the thinking of the famous developers and the
researchers it has been analyzed that the development of an AI towards the environment of the human
would lead towards the rise of the various set of problems in relation to the lives of the humans. As the
objective of the AI is to develop the system in such a way that the system has the capacity to think,
create, build logic same as the human which may lead towards the generation of the threat among the
people in terms of the safety of the humans, where the AI systems which are self-optimize have the
probability to become most intelligent and define the human intelligence, which can serve to be tough
in order to limit them from achieving their goals which may create the unintentional types of situations
(Hamet and Tremblay, 2017).
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According to Stephen Hawking who has been recognized among the best influential scientists of the
today’s world, defined that an efficient development of the general AI may lead towards the self-
destruction of the humans, as AI developed super intelligent will be highly capable of developing the
goals, which may serve to be opposite of the human ethics and laws, thus leading towards the danger of
the lives of the humans. Apart from this the another scientist named as Michael Vassar who is defined as
the chief science officer of Machine Intelligence Research Institute stated that the if the super intelligent
system has been developed prior to human intelligence than it would lead towards the extinction of the
humans in a short period of time (Fast and Horvitz, 2017).
According to the Nick Bostrom who is the Swedish philosopher and is popularly known for the work
towards the AI said that before the development of the super intelligent system the problem in terms of
the control must be resolved before introducing the superintelligence system towards the environment
and the lives of the humans. Another threat which was defined in relation to the AI was the abolishment
of the rules and regulations done by the AI systems, in order to resolve this threat an open AI is
developed which serves to be non-profitable organization in terms of the AI research which aims to
provide safety and security towards the development of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), in terms of
generating benefits towards the humanity (Ziemke et al., 2017).
Another threat of AI in terms of humanity is the loss of jobs in the future, as the AI systems serves to
perform the set of the tasks in a more effective way, there is the possibility that the upcoming of the AI
systems will snatch the jobs from the humans, which leads towards the decrease In the rate4 of
employment affecting the overall economic growth of the humans, where at present 47% of the
employees in the UK are at the threat of losing their jobs, due to the prior preference towards AI, as the
result of which in next 10-20 years the jobs in the UK are at the risk of abolishment with about 35%.
The ability of an AI to serve as a high-performance rate will decrease the performance capability of the
humans leading towards the decrease in the major development and innovations to be made by the
humans, which serves as the threat towards the AI development.
AI AS AN AID TOWARDS HUMANITY
As AI has been considered as one of the major fields of development in the existing and the upcoming
world, where the idea of introducing the AI in the lives of the humans is to enhance the major areas,
where the AI has the capability to convert the large and complex set of data into the simpler form which
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ultimately serves as the helping hand towards the problem-solving capabilities of humans (Sheridan,
2018).
In our current lifestyle, we are acquired by the concepts and the applications of the AI whether it be a
transaction done by our credit or debit cards, use of the GPS systems which helps us to find the accurate
route and destination, using the web search engines such as Google and Microsoft which helps in
providing the most suitable web page as per the requirement of the information and the data entered
by the user, use of hi-tech features in mobiles such as fingerprint and face detection facilities, use of the
Google assistant in android phones and use of Siri in the Apple iPhones which provides the information
randomly as per the demands of the customer, which uses the electronic translator which has the ability
to translate read the data in more than 70 languages which is dependent on the machine learning done
in statistical way. AI has been also used in the field of scientific discovery, robotics, stock trading, remote
sensing, and medicines (Liew, 2018).
The trend of developing effective Artificial Learning towards the future development serves
advantageous as it provides the way of resolving the problems in an effective way, being super
intelligent than the humans serves beneficial has it will provide the best suitable solutions in terms of
leading towards the faster way of taking the decision, decreasing the uncertainty leading towards the
increase in the permanency, cost-effectiveness, reliability which serves to be beneficial for the set of the
people.
The important feature of the AI is the reinforcement learning which provides the AI system to enhance
itself as per the new trends being introduced and learn from the failure of the real world problems,
which would serve as the reason for increasing reliability along with the self-modification as per the set
of the changes being introduced.
In the sector of automation and industries, AI serves as the boon towards the sector, as AI has the ability
to work tirelessly without getting affected by the emotions, which decreases the probability of failure of
the rise in errors, leading towards the decrease in the operational costs. AI can also serve effective
towards the better understanding of the set of information with respect to various elements of the
universe without getting physically affected (Jha and Topol, 2016).
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CONCLUSION
In today’s world AI has been majorly used to construct the robots which functions in same way as that
of the human, where the set of programs and codes are developed in such a way that they serve to
function same as that of the human brain, having the high level of thinking along with the defined set of
functions and programs as the reason of which the robots are majorly developed.
The field of an AI has been defined as one of the most popular fields towards the growth and
development of the living standards of the people, which includes the combination of the various
different fields which includes engineering, computer science, biology, linguistics, mathematics, and
psychology, etc.( Recht and Bryan, 2017.)
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REFERENCES
1. Baum, S.D., 2015. The far future argument for confronting catastrophic threats to humanity:
Practical significance and alternatives. Futures, 72, pp.86-96.
2. Virgillito, M.E., 2017. Rise of the robots: technology and the threat of a jobless future. Labor
History, 58(2), pp.240-242.
3. Recht, M. and Bryan, R.N., 2017. Artificial intelligence: threat or boon to radiologists?. Journal of
the American College of Radiology, 14(11), pp.1476-1480.
4. Gurkaynak, G., Yilmaz, I. and Haksever, G., 2016. Stifling artificial intelligence: Human
perils. Computer Law & Security Review, 32(5), pp.749-758.
5. Złotowski, J., Yogeeswaran, K. and Bartneck, C., 2017. Can we control it? Autonomous robots
threaten human identity, uniqueness, safety, and resources. International Journal of Human-
Computer Studies, 100, pp.48-54.
6. Bundy, A., 2017. Smart machines are not a threat to humanity. Commun. ACM, 60(2), pp.40-42.
7. Makridakis, S., 2017. The forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution: Its impact on society
and firms. Futures, 90, pp.46-60.
8. Russell, S., Dewey, D. and Tegmark, M., 2015. Research priorities for robust and beneficial
artificial
9. intelligence. Ai Magazine, 36(4), pp.105-114.
10. Hamet, P. and Tremblay, J., 2017. Artificial intelligence in medicine. Metabolism, 69, pp.S36-S40.
11. Fast, E. and Horvitz, E., 2017, February. Long-term trends in the public perception of artificial
intelligence. In Thirty-First AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
12. Ziemke, T., Schaefer, K.E., and Endsley, M., 2017. Situation awareness in human-machine
interactive systems.
13. Sheridan, T.B., 2018. 21 Speculations on Future Relations Between Humans and
Automation. Automation and human performance: Theory and applications, p.272.
14. Liew, C., 2018. The future of radiology augmented with artificial intelligence: a strategy for
success. European journal of radiology, 102, pp.152-156.
15. Jha, S. and Topol, E.J., 2016. Adapting to artificial intelligence: radiologists and pathologists as
information specialists. Jama, 316(22), pp.2353-2354.
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