ITC506 - AI War Machines: Ethical Theories & Rationale Arguments

This report analyzes the ethical implications of using artificial intelligence in war machines, focusing on the Department of Defense's (DOD) ethical principles for battlefield AI. It visualizes arguments related to AI-based war machines and explores ethical theories such as Utilitarianism, Deontology, Virtue theory, and Contract Theory to address moral issues. The report discusses challenges like the lack of social consideration, complexity, hacking risks, job displacement, and trust deficits associated with AI in warfare. Recommendations include implementing ethical programming, ensuring correct machine placement, and maintaining secrecy and security. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of ethical frameworks and continuous education for stakeholders to mitigate unethical uses of AI in defense, advocating for ethical programming as a constitution for AI-based machinery.

ITC506
ASSESSMENT 3
RATIONALE ARGUMENTS

Contents
Overview....................................................................................................................................3
Topic description....................................................................................................................3
Task -1........................................................................................................................................4
Task – 2......................................................................................................................................5
Execution of ethical theories......................................................................................................6
Utilitarianism Theory.............................................................................................................6
Deontology Theory.................................................................................................................6
Virtue theory...........................................................................................................................7
Contract Theory......................................................................................................................8
Recommendations......................................................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................10
References................................................................................................................................11

Overview
Title - War machines: DOD's ethical principles for battlefield AI
Topic description
The artificial intelligent is the technique which intended to decrease the people's endeavours
and utilizes progression inadequate administrations, for example, – navy, aircraft, military,
and so forth. Basically these are the segments which are profoundly included under artificial
intelligent anyway the AI based war machine (robotics) go about as a warrior in all the
division since it focused around wellbeing, security, compelling results as well as win
circumstance (Geis et al., 2019). A large portion of the military office had utilized the
mechanical technology at the fringe so as to diminish the odds of psychological warfare
however it is broke down that robots are not morally prepared, they don't think about set in
stone, they just follow the order subsequently, which care hazardous for all the people. From
there on, it wipes out the positions accessibility from various area, for example, – producing,
amassing, CNC, and so on subsequently, the greater part of the association are conveying the
advanced mechanics innovation so as to dispose of the human blunders and upgrade the work
proficiency. But, it requires high support segment and venture. Aside from these moral issues
are the serious issue that are raised and to alleviate it moral speculations are joined (Carrillo
2020).

Task -1
Argument visualization
(Source: author 2020)
Task – 2
Introduction
The aim of the report is to cover the concept of rationale arguments with its aspects in the
different sectors. The report has been developed with complete evaluation and validation
which involves the evidence analysis. It involves the mind mup development which
showcases the arguments on the selected war machine topic. Apart from that, it involves the
four ethical theories which helps in elimination of the issues.

Execution of ethical theories
Utilitarianism Theory
This hypothesis depends on the correct results by fusing it through the off base sides. It is
primarily utilized for zeroing in additional on further results. This hypothesis which depends
on consequentialism by following the overall systems. Its principle centre is that it conveys
the ideal moral inside the individual so as to complete the ideal great in enormous amounts. It
is utilized to dispose of the moral issues that raised and faces the moral issue by applying the
hypothesis viably (Mori 2015).
Circumstances
Basically, it is distinguished that all the robots are subject to the human's order so as to settle
on a choice and playing out any exercises. On the off chance that these AI based war machine
are begun performing naturally, it will make issues in the activity just as in different
exercises. In a case these AI based machines are begun performing naturally, it will make the
issues in work just as different exercises. Subsequently, by execute this hypothesis it will
decrease the moral issues and convey compelling results.
Absence of social consideration with AI based war machine
Also, it is distinguished that, war machine are slacked regarding social incorporation, for
example, – society standards, qualities, and culture which brings about moral issues.
Accordingly, by applying this hypothesis all the moral issues will be eliminated so as to meet
proficient results.
Deontology Theory
The theory like deontology are likewise known as far as moral hypothesis that is subject to
the successful dynamic cycle just as has confidence in the idea of the individual that are not
ethically however imprudent towards something great. The deontology hypothesis is
convictions in settling on the correct choice simply in the wake of dissecting the idea of a
person's for example choice are made by the moves that are made not by the outcomes it
might bring about future. Numerous moral issues have been brought up in robots however to
limit that issue this hypothesis should be actualized for meeting powerful outcomes (Bench-
Capon 2020).

War machineare based on the complex programming of artificial intelligence
Basically, it is recognized that it requires profoundly prepared specialists and architects to
work mechanical technology with the AI based technique and machine learning without this
it can't be worked. Consequently, for work such innovative dialects which brings about
tremendous intricacy in the results. From that point, executing this hypothesis it will lessen
the moral issues for example multifaceted nature and excess.
Hacking and malware issues of war machine
Also, it is the significant moral concern that must be looked by numerous mechanical
technology organization and its outcomes in significant negative results. Security is the factor
that expresses that advanced mechanics required a profoundly made sure about neural
framework that can't be hacked by some other. Consequently, for limiting these moral issues
this hypothesis is executed to relieve these issues and meet successful results.
Virtue theory
The virtue hypothesis are distinguished as the ethical way of thinking which tends to the bits
of character for example it is a sort of mission which is subject to the viable comprehension
and going through a time on earth with conspicuous good character. This hypothesis depends
on the component - based strategy so as to accept morals that can be gotten a handle on
through prudence practice. Subsequently, this hypothesis is utilized in understanding the
character and virtue of a person so as to carry on with a standard life. There are different
good issues which are brought up in advanced mechanics and it tends to be moderated
subsequent to actualizing the goodness moral hypothesis (Meng et al., 2020).
Redundancy
Apart from this, it is archived that artificial intelligent are the part that can dispose of or
gobble up the activity of the 100 workers for example dominant part of work. Hence, this is
moral issues which emerge in the joblessness level and make issue in human's life. Along
these lines, in the wake of actualizing this hypothesis this issue will be killed and convey
powerful results.
Poverty level rises
Basically, it is reported that when war machine are executed it bring progression and way of
life however with this, it additionally brings about a gigantic destitution level which goes

about as a moral issue. Accordingly, subsequent to executing this hypothesis this issue will be
taken out and convey successful results.
Contract Theory
The contract hypothesis is likewise perceived as an implicit agreement hypothesis which
represent about the ethical standards. This hypothesis is subject to conveying the motivation
for people so as to consume their time on earth with ethical quality. This hypothesis is chiefly
focus around the ethical framework through which people can carry on with their existence
with profound quality and social framework. Consequently, contract hypothesis focused
around propelling people and the ethical framework as it isn't existing in two given two
hypothesis for example utilitarianism and deontology. Albeit, numerous moral issues have
been raised to relieve that agreement hypothesis are actualized (Kutaula et al., 2019).
Absence of trust as well as durability
It is analysed that when robots are utilized for the benefit of a human, they impart less trust,
sturdiness, and dependability factor inside people which go about as a moral issue. In this
way, these moral issues can be moderated subsequent to actualizing contract moral
hypothesis which convictions in inspiration and building trust factor and results in compelling
outcomes.
Disappointment due to in-degenerate coding
Also, it is analysed that when robots are utilized and people are liable for coding and
programming on the off chance that it isn't customized with powerful coding aptitudes it
might bring about enormous disappointment. Consequently, this moral issue brings about
significant devastation anyway it very well may be controlled after agreement hypothesis
which imparts viable results.

Recommendations
From the report and generally understanding from contentions, it is recognized that numerous
moral issues can be reduces after executing and following the recommended that are as per
the following –
Execution of the moral programming - It is distinguished that AI based war machine are
functioning admirably in various area for example military, producing, and so forth however
it is likewise essential to execute moral programming to make them mindful of the morals for
example powerful dynamic, distinguish right or wrong. Along these lines, executing moral
programming it will deal with the advanced mechanics status and resolve moral issues. Moral
programming should be developed as a co-owned body of rules that govern the functioning of
AI tools when applied in the field of defence. The moral programing code can be developed
that can be equated to the Nuclear non-proliferation treaty agreed upon by the nuclear
powered nations. This agreement is ensured that no nation makes use of AI in an unethical
manner and the collective strengths of other global powers has the capability to act as a
harness to control the rogue use of technology for purposes other than constructive.
The correct machine at perfect spot - It is perceived that if AI based war machine are made
and in the event that it is actualized in the correct spot, it will dispose of the apparent
multitude of moral issues through which successful outcomes are accomplished. For
example, – in the event that assembling and gathering must be done, at that point robots can
be executed yet where workers are required it ought not be actualized there (Kohli & Geis
2018). The decisions that need to be taken by the decision makers in the ranks of militaries of
the world need to be based upon sound knowledge of the AI application in defence. The
knowledge of AI application in defence should be actively taught in the military institutions
of the world. Ethics in the use of AI in defence should be a major part of this body of
knowledge so that the front end soldier can decide for himself.
Secrecy and security upkeep - It is normal that when an AI based war machine is used under
various divisions it is collected and made through information security mystery, just as
disguise to dispense with all the moral dangers and issues.

Conclusion
From the above report, it can be concluded that the war machine rationale arguments has
been implemented and developed effectively and efficiently. Apart from that brief knowledge
is given about the arguments made on the architecture along with the successful
implementation of the different ethical theories for the maintenance of ethical perspectives. A
complete framework of the current ethics environment in regards to the use of AI in defence
has been presented in this report. The use of theories has informed that there are certain
concerns that need to be addressed on an international as well as national level so as to ensure
that the technology is not out to unethical use. The recommendations have been made hence
in this report to educate the stakeholders on the ethics involved. A recommendation has also
been made to embolden the practice of ethical programming which will act a a constitution
for all AI based machinery in the defence application. These recommendations are expected
to act as flood gates for future ethical safeguarding steps for the use of AI in defence.

References
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