Pearson BTEC Business Strategy Report: AIG Transport Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive business strategy analysis of AIG Transport. It begins with an evaluation of external factors using PESTLE analysis, considering political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental influences, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report then delves into AIG Transport's internal environment and capabilities, utilizing the McKinsey 7s framework to assess structure, strategy, systems, skills, staff, style, and shared values, alongside a value chain analysis to evaluate inbound logistics and operations. Next, Porter’s Five Forces model is applied to assess the competitive landscape, followed by a strategic overview that integrates relevant ideas, principles, and models to formulate recommendations for AIG Transport. The analysis aims to provide a clear understanding of the company's business climate and strategic direction, offering insights into its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

ASSIGNMENT SUBMISSION SHEET
Please note this this page MUST be submitted with your assignment.
COURSE: PEARSON BTEC Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Business
RQF LEVEL: LEVEL 5
AWARDING
BODY:
PEARSON
YEAR/
SEMESTER:
Year 2 / Semester 1
UNIT NAME: Business Strategy
UNIT NUMBER: 32
UNIT LEVEL: 5
SUBMISSION
METHOD:
Please email your assignment to [e-mail]
Document Format: Microsoft Word (doc, docx.) or Powerpoint
(pptx.) for presentations only.
LECTURER: Ishmael Bartimeus
DUE DATE: 19/02/2021
LEARNER NAME:
LEARNER ID NUMBER:
DATE SUBMITTED:
1ST SUBMISSION 2ND
SUBMISSION
Please note: For late submission or Extenuating circumstances, please use another
form. You will see this on the Student Portal (POLICIES & FORMS).
Learner Declaration:
I hereby declare that any assignment that I submit for assessment:
1

 Is entirely my own work
 Is not prepared with the assistance of any other person, except those
permitted within the college
 Any internet sources, published or unpublished works from which I have
quoted or drawn reference have been fully referenced using Harvard
Referencing
 Has not previously been submitted for assessment at this college or
elsewhere
I acknowledge that I must take reasonable steps to ensure that my assignments and
related preparatory work for submissions are kept secure so that I do not enable
another person to copy my work, other than what is acceptable for the specific
assessment guidelines for the group work.
I accept that the college will check the originality of my work using a range of
techniques, including computer based plagiarism detection software.
I confirm that I have read and understood the college’s guidelines and regulations
on plagiarism and I accept that any suspected malpractice in my work will be dealt
under the college’s Malpractice policy.
Learner Signature: Date:
2

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
LO1..................................................................................................................................................5
Evaluation of the external factors that are affecting the business of AIG transport....................5
LO2..................................................................................................................................................8
Study of AIG transport's internal environment and abilities using suitable mechanisms...........8
LO3................................................................................................................................................13
Application of Porter’s Five Forces model on AIG transport and the evaluation ofits
competitive................................................................................................................................13
LO4................................................................................................................................................16
Usage of relevant ideas, principles and models, interpretation and strategic strategy for AIG
transport.....................................................................................................................................16
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................24
Reference.......................................................................................................................................25
3

Introduction
External variables have a huge influence on any company in the industry. This report describes
the external factors that occur in AIG transport. To test the macroclimate, the PESTLE analysis
approach is used here. Via this, we will learn about the external variables that affect the external
environment of AIG transport (Ghemawat, 2013). AIG transport's internal ecosystem is also
established in this paper, applying Mackinsey's 7s and value chain analysis. Then the assessment
of competitors is studied here. At the bottom of this report, strategy preparation is also offered.
This analysis will make the business climate of AIG transport easier to interpret. At the end of
this post, a tactical overview is also given.
4

LO1
Evaluation of the external factors that are affecting the business of AIG
transport
A PESTEL evaluation is a method or tool that is often applied to analyse and monitor external
factors that can have a big influence on an institution's performance. This approach is incredibly
beneficial when launching a new venture or entering a foreign market. PESTEL is a word for
political, economic, social, environmental, technological, and legal causes (Zalengera, et al.
2018). A PESTEL evaluation on AIG transport will figure out the external factors that are
affecting the business. By addressing the external variables that are actually affecting the
business, AIG transport’s decision-makers can make appropriate decisions regarding that. These
factors have been analysed here using the PESTEL analysis model;
Political
These variables are mostly about who as well as what point in the market of a particular sector a
government gets involved in. Practically, all the impacts on the organisation which a state has are
sometimes categorised here. Government policies, political peace or turmoil, taxation,
international trade policies, tax regulation, employment law, environmental regulation, and limits
on trade may be included (Srdjevic, Bajcetic, and Srdjevic, 2014). The state will also have a
profound impact on a country's learning environment, infrastructure, as well as medical
regulations. Both aspects should be taken into account when assessing the appeal of a potential
sector. In this present situation of global pandemic, the government has imposed various travel
restrictions that are affecting the business of AIG transport.
Economic
Factors of the performance of a given industry are economic factors. Variables include financial
prosperity, currency rate, recession, debt rates, household income, job rates, etc. Such conditions
may have a substantial or unintended lengthy impact on a corporation as they affect consumers'
purchasing power and could theoretically change the economic development patterns of the
nation. And, however, it also changes the way businesses market their commodities and services.
5

For the COVID-19 global pandemic the whole world’s business is going through an economic
crisis so is AIG transport.
Social
This element of the general climate is reflected by the societal patterns, customs, activities, as
well as values of the society within which the company operates. It includes demographic trends
such as population growth rate, age range, earnings allocation, job expectations, security
attention, health literacy, lifestyle perceptions, as well as cultural boundaries. These factors are
particularly critical for manufacturers when addressing certain consumers (Harb and El-
Shaarawi, 2017). Moreover, it also tells much about the community workforce as well as the
ability to operate in some circumstances. For stopping the transmission of the coronavirus, WHO
has suggested social distancing and discouraged travelling. This changed the lifestyle of people
all over the world as well as the transportation industry.
Technological
These factors refer to technological developments that may have a favorable or detrimental effect
on both the organisation and the marketplace's operations. This refers to growth opportunities,
the degree of imagination, automation, and investment in product creation, technical
advancement, and the amount of technical expertise an organisation requires. These factors will
influence options for joining or not joining certain industries, introducing or not introducing
those products, or exporting overseas manufacturing operations. People will be eligible to
prevent their company from spending lots of cash on upgrading a technology that will become
obsolete very soon by knowing what's going on in innovation due to fast technological
advancements. For the COVID-19 global pandemic, AIG transport has to undergo some
technological changes. They are thinking about some innovative ideas that will keep the
coronavirus away.
Legal
While these considerations intersect with legislative considerations, they involve more particular
laws, like laws on segregation, trade laws, rules on housing, regulations on customer rights,
regulations on patents and trademarks, and policies on security and nutrition. To compete
6

effectively and legally, it is apparent that firms ought to learn about right and wrong (Khan,
Mohammad Khan, and Nur Alam, 2015). When an entity works internationally, while each
nation maintains its specific system of laws and legislation, this becomes particularly
complicated. Furthermore, people need to be notified of any possible regulatory reforms as well
as the effect they will have on their company in the coming years. The government has created
several new laws and restrictions due to the COVID-19 global pandemic and along with other
industries, AIG transport has to obey them.
Environmental
This is a recent issue. The growing lack of resources, emissions goals, and carbon emissions
goals established by policymakers have made them significant. These factors include biological
aspects like geography, economics, climate compensation as well as global warming, which will
have a particular effect on industries such as travel, forestry, agriculture, and insurance. The
understanding of the potential effects of global warming also affects the way businesses run and
the items they market (Dahlhamer, 2019). As AIG transport is has a great impact on this, they are
also concerned about these environmental issues. This has contributed to more and more
engagement by many firms in activities like organisational corporate responsibilities and
conservation.
7

LO2
Study of AIG transport's internal environment and abilities using suitable
mechanisms
The internal environment and capabilities of AIG transport can be explained thoroughly using
McKinsey's 7s model and operational clarification step by step value chain analysis will add
sophistication to the explanation of the company's capabilities. Using the mentioned two
frameworks the relevant discussion regarding AIG transport's internal business environment and
capabilities is given below;
McKinsey’s 7s Framework
McKinsey 7s framework is a method that evaluates the organisational architecture of the
enterprise by examining 7 main internal components to determine whether they are coordinated
successfully and help the organisation to meet its goals.The purpose of the concept was to
illustrate how the business's 7 aspects can be integrated collectively to achieve productivity in an
organisation (Hanafizadeh and Ravasan, 2016).The key concept of the framework is how all
seven aspects are intertwined and can be used by the majority of an organisation to work
efficiently, a transition in one region needs change in others too.
Figure 1: The elements of McKinsey’s 7s Framework
Source: (Dahlhamer, 2019)
8

Structure
AIG transport has developed a progressive business operational structure. even though the
advantages of following such a structure are lucrative the drawbacks cause incompetent inter-
departmental communication resulting in disrupted long-term objectives or targets of the
company.
Strategy
AIG transport follows authoritative marketing and promotional strategies. The management of
the company is trying to optimise the customer satisfaction level. Thus the company is trying to
acquire a long-term sustainable competitive advantage over its rivals to maintain the productivity
of the company.
Systems
Systems are an organisation's processes and protocols, revealing the daily actions of the
corporation and the stages of decision-making within the business. The company's area that
dictates how deals are executed and the primary priority during change management for
managers (Ravanfar, 2016). In AIG transport the company offers dispatch and fright planning
services following OTR system operation. In this way, the management takes the position of its
employees.
Skills
Skills apply to the qualities that the corporation's workers practice very well. Also, skills and
eligibilities are included. The dilemma often comes from an organisational change as to what
expertise the organisation will need to expand its existing strategy or a revolutionary system. The
employees of AIG require to have teamwork tendency, experience in a certain field, flexibility,
and stress handling ability.
Staff
The employee factor is related to the type and quantity of workers needed by an organisation and
the aspects in which employees are appointed, educated, motivated, and paid. To the workers of
AIG transport, teamwork is the core motto. The staff is hired in a competitive manner
9

considering competency and expertise over certain fields according to the job requirement of
AIG transport.
Style
Style demonstrates the forms the company is managed by top-level executives, how they
interact, what actions they perform and their symbolic significance. The management strategy of
the institution's members deals with the interpersonal form (Channon and Caldart, 2017). In
AIG, the management follows democratic styles considering the opinion of managers and
employees of the company.
Shared Values
The pre-determined norms as well as standards guiding the employee behaviour along with
organisational actions are the core shared values of the company. this element works as an
organisational foundation and within AIG transport, the management shares the value of
providing great service to its customers with the most effective transportation quote.
Value Chain Analysis
Evaluation of the value chain is a method in which a company identifies its principal operations
that add benefit to its finished item and then analyses these operations to decrease costs or
enhance differentiation. The supply chain reflects the inbuilt activities in which a company is
engaged when converting inputs into outcomes.
Figure 2: Value chain analysis framework.
Source: (Ghemawat, 2013)
10

Inbound Logistics
Inbound logistics deal with the materials purchased from the manufacturers of the company and
to be utilised for the production of the finished product (Kaplinsky, 2020). In the inbound
logistics for AIG transportation, the carriers and owner-operators have a partnership relation with
the company.
Operation
Through this process, the raw materials are converted into finished final products. As the
production of the goods finishes, the management expects that the product will add value to the
customers of the company. Once, AIG transport receives an order, the company contacts its
transportation partners to execute that order.
Outbound Logistics
After the goods or products are properly processed, the manufacturer of the goods sends those
products to the distribution centers from where the goods will be supplied to its users. The
distributors of the product include wholesalers, retailers, agents, etc (Hergert and Morris, 2019).
In AIG transport, through the operational process, the quotes for specifies orders are developed
and the company contacts its partners for relative supports. Once the process is done, the
management of AIG transport sends the propositions and other significant factors to the
customers as the outbound logistic activity.
Sales and Marketing
During this stage of the value chain, the company makes sure that the offered goods and services
are targeted to the right customer group marinating a balanced marketing mix to establish a
productive strategy. In AIG transport the management focuses on the customers requiring cargo
and auto-shipping quotes, dispatch services.
11

Service
After the products are send off to its buyers, the companies must track the order and provide
after-sale service to maintain a good relationship with the customers of the company. The after-
sale service includes training, warranty, guarantee, etc (Donaldson, Ishii, and Sheppard, 2014).
AIG transport offers to book to delivery service toits customers and as for the after-sale service;
the company introduces insurance service as well.
Along with the above mentioned primary activities of AIG transport, the company managers the
supporting value chain activities like proper procurement process, infrastructural capabilities,
human capital management, and finally the technological touch to its operational and
management process.
12

LO3
Application of Porter’s Five Forces model on AIG transport and the
evaluation ofits competitive
Porter's Five Forces is a technique that identifies and assesses 5 tactical variables that make up
each industry and helps to define a company's restrictions and effectiveness. The Five Powers
analysis is commonly used to classify a company's configuration for evaluating corporate
strategy. The Porter methodology could be stretched towards any corner of the industry in order
to take into account the level of rivalry within the business and expand the lengthy feasibility of
an enterprise (Grundy, 2016). To assess both the market landscape of a company and its
corporate tactics, this methodology is widely applied. Porter defined 5 inevitable forces, along
with few constraints, that play an influence in forming every company on the planet as well as
the business sector. The five factors are commonly seen to calculate a business or market's
competition enthusiasm, popularity, and productivity. Below the impact of these five factors on
the business of AIG transport has been discussed;
Existing competitors
It relates to the sum of rivals and their potential to overtake a firm. The larger the range of
competition, the weaker a company's power, including the range of similar items as well as the
facility they offer. If others are able to produce a lot at reduced prices, suppliers and consumers
check out the competition from a firm. Similarly, while actual rival is weak, an organisation has
more power to spend more taxes and determine the terms of contracts to obtain better sales and
benefit (Dobbs, 2018). Loews, Berkshire Hathaway, Swiss Re, Liberty Mutual Insurance,
Western & Southern Financial Group, Crystal Clear transport, Howard Specialised Transport is
some of the existing competitors of AIG transport.
The threat of new entrants
The possibility of emerging entrants entering the logistics industry appears to be immense.
Whatsoever about the task strategy of AIG transport or its execution is a mystery. Overall,
considering huge amounts of investment specifications, each company will duplicate the activity
strategy of AIG transport or even its execution. Each corporation actually uses the internet as a
13

forum, and new market members will not get the burden of looking for delivery channels. In
addition, owing to the web-based design of the business strategy, it may not have been
impossible for potential company participants to identify channels for distribution. Over the
following few years, the volumes of AIG transport's neighborhood and foreign rivals have risen
consistently. The absence of transferring prices from AIG transport to some other industry for
consumer’s further increases the risks of new entrants.
Bargaining power of consumers
Buyers' negotiating power is unbelievable. The existence of rivalry in the company inevitably
boosts the bargaining power of its consumer. AIG transport consumers trust sensitive deeply.
When another brand tries to raise fares in his attempts to get favorable, the use of AIG transport
administrations will deter enormous amounts of clients. Despite AIG transport's large volume
and variation of humiliation in the recent few days, customers may choose to use their bargaining
power with the company to have negative repercussions.
Bargaining power of Suppliers
In the context of the 5 powers, the next principle explores how easily vendors can drive up
production costs. It is determined by the number of main suppliers of a good or service, how
unique these providers are, as well as how much it would cost an organisation to switch to other
suppliers (Narayanan and Fahey, 2015). The fewer stores on the market, the more dependent
AIG transport would be on a seller. The manufacturer has extra power with this and will push the
price of input to climb as well as press for many other economic benefits. Again, AIG transport
could hold its production expenses cheaper and increase its income because there are multiple
vendors or low swapping prices among competing distributors.
Threat of substitutes
This last element is focused on replacements. Substitute commodities and facilities that could be
used instead of the commodities or facilities of a firm cause a menace. Companies producing
commodities or services which do not possess similar replacements would have so much control
to raise profit margins and shackle in reasonable rates. Consumers would also have the
alternative to relinquish the purchase of a firm's item if similar replacements are present, as well
14

as the control of a firm, can be destabilised. The biggest threat to AIG transport is their existing
competitors who are providing similar services they provide.
15

LO4
Usage of relevant ideas, principles and models, interpretation and strategic
strategy for AIG transport
There are different models, managerial theories, strategic models, and concept helping
businesses to make overall management and operation more efficient and effective. The theories,
models, and concepts are quite technical to figure out and implement within a firm. To develop
strategic planning for AIG transport, some relevant theories, discussions regarding different
concept as well as models are given below;
Porter’s Generic Strategy
Porter’s generic strategy model is basically a business framework consists of four tactical
methodologies. AIG transport can use this framework for their strategic planning.
Figure 3: Porter’s generic strategy for AIG transport.
Source: (Kim and Lim, 2018)
 Cost Leadership
It is a strategic approach that an organisation actively searches out. It makes effective large-scale
manufacturing plants, reduces prices, incorporates economy of scale, gathers manufacturing
insight as well as applies strict cost management to outperform rivals in the manufacturing of
16
Focus Approach

goods or the provision of services. The target is to become the business sector's lowest-cost
manufacturer (Kim and Lim, 2018). By using this strategy, AIG transport can reduce their
manufacturing costs as well as will be able to offer the same services at a cheaper rate. This will
help them to draw more customers.
 Differentiation
It's a kind of strategic approach in which a company aims to differentiate itself from its
competitors' products and services in order to stand out. AIG transport can utilise creative
promotional strategies, unique product features, high pricing, superior performance, exemplary
service, as well as advanced technology to enable an item to stand out. If customers remain
faithful to the brand, this strategy will help minimise competition.
 Focus Approach
It is a form of strategic approach which focuses on a small and specific demographic. The
corporation would utilise a differentiation strategy or cost-cutting tactic, but just for a certain
consumer group, instead of the whole market. The corporation first chooses a target
demographic within a market, and then designs its approach to better fit those categories (Kim
and Lim, 2018). This approach has two variations, one is differentiation focused and the other is
cost-focused. AIG transport can add some premium features to their services, which will attract
upper-class people. Again if they adopt the cost-focused approach, they can offer a cheaper rate
for just a small portion of the market. For example, they can offer a cheaper rate for just students.
Students would be more likely to use their service more than before.
Ansoff Matrix of AIG Transport
The Ansoff Matrix, often considered the Layout for Brand Advancement, is a method used by
organisations to evaluate and schedule relative growth strategies. The matrix demonstrates four
approaches that can be adopted to help a company grow and evaluates the risks involved with
each approach as well. The four approaches for AIG transport is given below;
17

Figure 4: Four strategies of Ansoff matrix for product and market development.
Source: (Ravanfar, 2016)
 Market Development
Considering the pandemic condition nationwide, market development strategies of AIG transport
are the most important strategies the company needs to develop to handle the stressed situation
as this will help to deal with the promotion and development of existing services of the company
into the new market situation of the industry due to pandemic (Meldrum and McDonald, 2015).
The strategies that AIG transport can adopt include advertisement and promotion of existing
products, quotations, and services of the company. The mentioned strategy will educate potential
customers about the products and services and remind the existing ones.
 Market Penetration
For current industry conditions, AIG transport needs to consider market penetration from two
different aspects. The management can primarily focus on geographical expansion to widen the
scope of operation and chances to increase sales of the company (Lawrence, 2019). Along with
18

geographical expansion, AIG transport can increase the virtual reach by establishing retail outlets
to connect with the customers and partners directly.
 Product Development
To satisfy the customers of the business, AIG needs to introduce product differentiation along
with a cost-effective strategy. For new product development in the existing distresses industry,
AIG transport will require additional budgeting for research and development purposes thus the
company can aim to fulfill the current market gap (Taylor, 2017). Besides, the newly developed
product will need market testing before the final commercialisation of the newly developed
services.
 Product Penetration
Finally, for the newly developed product penetration into the untapped market, AIG transport
will require strategic marketing to understand the market potential and customer demand in the
upcoming business cycle. Thus, the product penetration will need a strong market presence,
portfolio diversification to avoid market risk from the pandemic situation, and other relative
factors.
Bowman’s Strategy Clock
This framework was introduced by Bowman. It was drawn like a clock, which has 8 different
positions. Each of these positions represents different strategies.
19

Figure 5: Bowman’s strategy clock
Source: (Echchakoui, 2019)
 Low Price & Low Value Added
The main objective of this strategy is to sell a huge quantity of products. The perceived value of
such commodities and services is usually minimal, as well as the price level is as low as possible.
It is the weakest zone on this framework.
 Low Price
The low price strategy offers products and services to the customers at the cheapest price. As it is
a strategy of fewer revenues, system reliability, as well as cost savings, is critical to its
performance. If firms are unable to sell large quantities, they will end up failing to see the face of
profit (Echchakoui, 2019).
 Hybrid
In this position, firms offer products and services to the customer that has a perfect combination
of logical and competitive price as well as differentiation. They always use innovative strategies
and features to be more successful.
 Differentiation
This approach enables a firm to be one step ahead of its rivals. Nowadays, firms look for
innovation to add unique product and services feature. It increases the perceived value of a
product and service. This is an amazing idea to increase the market share (Echchakoui, 2019).
 Focused Differentiation
It offers products and services to the customers that have a greater performance as well as a
higher price. If firms implement this strategy appropriately, they will be able to make a great
profit but the reality is, it is not that easy to sustain.
 Risky High Margins
20

Firms in these positions produce inferior goods and services at a higher price for the customers.
They are likely to face losses in the long run as customers will try to buy from different brands
that offer similar product and service features but at a cheap rate (Shakhshir, 2016).
 Monopoly Pricing
When just one firm rules the market, other factors like price ranges, quality, and rivals do not
even matter. Every monopoly always ends at some point; therefore these corporations need to
check their outer forces frequently.
 Loss of Market Share
This position is a nightmare for every organisation as they are losing their market shares. Firms
that offer products and services with low value and standard price have the chance to face this
situation. The value of their goods and service used to be very low, but they set standard prices to
make their brand competitive in the market.
AIG transport uses the differentiation strategy. They always try to add different and innovative
features to their services to maximise customer satisfaction. This approach helps them to make
the best results and gets more customers.
Strategic Planning for AIG Transport
To deal with the present COVID-19 global pandemic condition, strategic planning is expected to
upgrade conventional methods, build, as well as track innovative techniques for AIG transport.
Here, in details some key strategies that might help the company to cope up with the current
competitions have been discussed;
Objectives Activities Resource Requirement Time Frame
Increasing market
share by providing
top-notch service
First, AIG transport
should conduct
researches to determine
their target
demographics and then
they should implement a
Using social networking
sites, they can enhance
their virtual presence
and visibility.
2-3 Years
21

few promotional
activities (Bryson,
2018). They should also
improve the service
quality and add
innovative service
features to ensure top-
notch services to the
customers.
Ensuring the security
of the customers
They should take
appropriate measures to
ensure the safety and
security of the
customers. They should
deliver this message to
the customers that they
are very strict about this.
Logistics, operational
efficiency, and expert
human resource will be
required.
1-2 Years
Decreasing the
operation cost
The company needs to
recruit an efficient
workforce. If they
recruit efficient workers,
the company will not
need to train them. The
cost will be reduced.
They can save other
operational expenses by
hiring an efficient
workforce. The added
benefit is, these workers
will help to promote the
brand also.
An experienced and
skilled workforce 6 Months
22

23

Conclusion
AIG transport is a company that provides various transportation services along with some other
financial services. To address the external forces that are affecting the business operations of
AIG transport, a PESTEL analysis has been conducted here. By doing it, decision-makers will
know particularly which outer business factors are affecting the business operation and can make
effective plans and choices according to that. To figure out the internal business environment as
well as capabilities of AIG transport, McKinsey 7S, and supply chain analysis have been
evaluated here. Also, the Five Forces model of Porter has been also evaluated here. This will
help the authority to figure out the competitive forces of the business sector. And finally,
applying various effective theories and models such as Ansoff Matrix, generic strategy theory,
etc., A few strategies have been recommended.
24

Reference
Bryson, J.M., 2018. A strategic planning process for public and non-profit organizations. Long
range planning, 21(1), pp.73-81.
Channon, D.F. and Caldart, A.A., 2017. McKinsey 7S model. Wiley encyclopedia of
management, pp.1-1.
Dahlhamer, J.M., 2019. Rebounding from environmental jolts: Organizational and ecological
factors affecting business disaster recovery.
Dobbs, M.E., 2018. Guidelines for applying Porter's five forces framework: a set of industry
analysis templates. Competitiveness Review.
Donaldson, K.M., Ishii, K. and Sheppard, S.D., 2014, January. Customer value chain analysis.
In International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in
Engineering Conference (Vol. 46962, pp. 993-1001).
Echchakoui, S., 2019. An analytical model that links customer-perceived value and competitive
strategies. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 6(4), pp.138-149.
Ghemawat, P., 2013. Semiglobalization and international business strategy. Journal of
international business studies, 34(2), pp.138-152.
Grundy, T., 2016. Rethinking and reinventing Michael Porter's five forces model. Strategic
Change, 15(5), pp.213-229.
Hanafizadeh, P. and Ravasan, A.Z., 2016. A McKinsey 7S model-based framework for ERP
readiness assessment. International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems (IJEIS), 7(4),
pp.23-63.
Harb, N. and El-Shaarawi, A., 2017. Factors affecting business students' performance: the case
of students in United Arab Emirates. Journal of Education for Business, 82(5), pp.282-290.
Hergert, M. and Morris, D., 2019. Accounting data for value chain analysis. Strategic
Management Journal, 10(2), pp.175-188.
25

Kaplinsky, R., 2020. Globalisation and unequalisation: What can be learned from value chain
analysis?. Journal of development studies, 37(2), pp.117-146.
Khan, E.A., Mohammad Khan, S. and Nur Alam, M., 2015. Factors affecting the growth of
entrepreneurship in small-scale business. Business Review, 5(1), pp.33-37.
Kim, L. and Lim, Y., 2018. Environment, generic strategies, and performance in a rapidly
developing country: A taxonomic approach. Academy of Management journal, 31(4), pp.802-
827.
Lawrence, G.F., 2019. The SWOT analysis: Using your strength to overcome weaknesses, using
opportunities to overcome threats. North Charleston: Createspace Independent Publishing
Platform, p.78.
Meldrum, M. and McDonald, M., 2015. The Ansoff Matrix. In Key Marketing Concepts (pp.
121-126). Palgrave, London.
Narayanan, V.K. and Fahey, L., 2015. The relevance of the institutional underpinnings of
Porter's five forces framework to emerging economies: An epistemological analysis. Journal of
Management Studies, 42(1), pp.207-223.
Ravanfar, M.M., 2016. Analyzing Organizational Structure based on 7s model of
McKinsey. Global Journal of Management and Business Research.
Shakhshir, G., 2016. Positioning strategies development. The Annals Of The University Of
Oradea, 977, pp.416-437.
Srdjevic, Z., Bajcetic, R. and Srdjevic, B., 2014. Identifying the criteria set for multicriteria
decision making based on SWOT/PESTLE analysis: a case study of reconstructing a water
intake structure. Water resources management, 26(12), pp.3379-3393.
Taylor, E.C., 2017. Competitive improvement planning: Using Ansoff's matrix with Abell's
model to inform the strategic management process. In Allied Academies International
Conference. Academy of Strategic Management. Proceedings (Vol. 11, No. 1, p. 21). Jordan
Whitney Enterprises, Inc.
26

Zalengera, C., Blanchard, R.E., Eames, P.C., Juma, A.M., Chitawo, M.L. and Gondwe, K.T.,
2018. Overview of the Malawi energy situation and A PESTLE analysis for sustainable
development of renewable energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38, pp.335-347.
27