Impact of Carbon Footprint Reduction Strategies on Airline Industry

This report delves into the critical issue of carbon footprint reduction within the airline industry. It begins by defining carbon footprint and its environmental impact, including the emission of greenhouse gases and the contribution to climate change. The report then examines the aviation sector's role in emitting these gases, detailing the specific gases released by aircraft and their adverse effects. It explores the dynamic forces influencing carbon footprint reduction, such as ecological and technological factors, and analyzes the relationship between these forces and strategic decision-making within the industry. The report also discusses the need for airlines to reduce their carbon footprint, its impact on the competitive environment, and potential future scenarios. Furthermore, it outlines decision-making tools and strategies, including fuel efficiency improvements, biofuel utilization, technological advancements, and carbon capture methods. The report emphasizes the importance of sustainable practices and offers insights into how airlines can mitigate their environmental impact and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
Review the evidence that demands for a diminution in the carbon footprint of business
establishments.........................................................................................................................1
LO1 DYNAMIC FORCES IMPACTING ON BUSINESS AND SOCIETY................................3
LO 2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORCES IN STRATEGIC DECISION MAKING..............4
Need of reducing carbon footprints in business....................................................................4
Impact on competitive environment:......................................................................................4
Foreseeable future:.................................................................................................................5
LO4 DECISION MAKING TOOLS FOR ADDRESSING THE CONTEMPORARY DRIVERS
FOR CHANGE ...........................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Carbon footprint is also enabling climate changes to occur through emission of
greenhouse gases. Climate change is also knows as global warming, and the biggest danger is
climate change is not affecting a particular area but to he entire Earth (Attari, Krantz and Weber,
2016). This report is based on the role of airline industries in increasing carbon footprints
through manufacturing g and operational activities.
PART 1
Review the evidence that demands for a diminution in the carbon footprint of business
establishments.
Carbon footprint: Carbon footprint is the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
to the atmosphere through a particular individual or an entity. It is essential for all organisations
to reduce carbon emission in order to improve environmental conditions. The steps taken for
business entities to reduce carbon footprint involves, calculations, aim, reduce, offset,
communicate and comply (Chen and et. al., 2017). Once the size of a carbon footprint is known,
a strategy can be prepared to suppress it.
Impact of carbon footprint on environment: There are many hazards of carbon footprint over
environment. Some major risks associated with the emission of carbon footprints are increased
emission of greenhouse gases which is really dangerous for our surroundings, ozone layer
deletion is the result of increases greenhouse gases. Carbon footprint is also enabling climate
changes to occur through emission of greenhouse gases (Farmery, A. K. and et. al., 2015).
Climate change is also knows as global warming, and the biggest danger is climate change is not
affecting a particular area but to he entire Earth. This climate change is resulting in:
 Increased sea level.
 Increased sea surface temperature.
 Reduction in the size of glaciers.
 Acidification of oceans.
 High fluctuation in precipitation.
 Depletion of resources.
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 Hazard of theses gases to health and safety of an individual.
Emission of carbon footprint by Aviation: In this study, the role of Airlines in carbon footprint
emission is stated along with the plan of actions they should take to reduce the amount of carbon
footprints. Airlines business is the most significant business in present times, all other
improvements lag behind it, thus, it is highly used by people, creating obstacles for foreseen
future (Kennedy, Krahn and Krogman, 2014). The Aviation effects environment by emitting
heat, disturbance, particulates and gases. The major gases which are emitted by flights are carbon
dioxide (CO2), water vapour (H20), hydrocarbons (CH), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides
(NO-), sulphur oxides (SO-), lead (Pb), black carbon (C). All these gases are hazardous for
atmosphere accounting in increased climate changes, global warming, etc. Moreover, soot and
water vapour when combined together can cause contrails and in case of cold air, cirrus clouds
are formed (Reducing our carbon footprint 30% by 2030. 2017.). Airlines are considered to be
awful news for the atmosphere. In context to UK, there is about 6.3% of global CO2 emission.
According to the report of IPCC, around 3.5% of anthropogenic climate changes are due to
aviation (Li and et. al., 2017). Also, flights are mostly used by wealthy people, thus developed
countries are more prone to the risk associated with the footprint. Further, these flights produce
lots of climatic change in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during altitude flying.
Actions taken or should take by Airline sector to reduce carbon footprints:
Aviation industries should take some steps to reduce the amount of carbon footprint. In
37th assembly of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), it was exclaimed that airline
sector should have to improve fuel efficiency by 2% every year. In order to reduce its quantity,
they should use bio-fuel. Also, by encouraging use of fuel-efficient technologies can help in
reducing the emission of CO2 (Lin and et. al., 2017.). Consistent testing and preparation of
biofuels is also needed. Entities should install software for sustainability performance indicators,
which allows them to analyse sustainability data. Moreover, advancements in operations are
needed such as advanced communications system which helps in effective navigation, air
aggregation management, etc. that can decrease the excess air time.
Airline sectors should also suppress the private jets business, it is more harmful for
environment and should try to convince customers for public transport. In addition to this, there
is an effective way to suppress the CO2 emission and that is building carbon capture and storages
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to seize the emitted CO2. In this learning the main objective is to evaluate the impact of
reduction in carbon footprint over airline sector. There are many dynamic forces which are
implying carbon footprint reduction that impacts upon the airline organisations. These forces are
ecological, socio-culture, legal and political (Reducing our carbon footprint 30% by 2030.
2017.).
LO1 DYNAMIC FORCES IMPACTING ON BUSINESS AND SOCIETY
Impact of ecological force- The major factor that impacts it is ecological factor as carbon
footprint is mainly concerned with the environment. To reduce the amount of these gases a
committee is set up by ecologists, The committee on climate change to advise the government on
emission targets. The ecological law The climate change act (2008), is a plan of government to
reduce carbon footprint. According to this act, It is necessary for all airline companies to reduce
the level of carbon footprint till 80% of the 1990's time and to make carbon-neutral industry by
2020 (Pablo-Romero and Sánchez-Braza, 2017). Thus, in order to achieve this, entities will have
to invest a lot of money in environment friendly fuels. They will also need to suppress the
number of passengers which is direct loss to the business value of enterprise. In order to reduce
the effect, advanced technologies are required which are expensive and investment associated
with green technology is also there.
Impact of technology force-
Technological force are considered as major factor of carbon footprints. As all the
technologies that are implemented requires some energy sources. All the resources are break
down into various components that either directly or indirectly affects environment. According
to various research implementation of technologies is a major factor of affecting environment.
Carbon footprints are gradually increasing due to various reasons such as production,
manufacturing, transportation and much more (Pandey, Agrawal and Bohra, 2015). They all are
implementation of technologies. Therefore, in order to control impact of technologies various
backups are also considered. Along with this all the processing should require limited use of
resources. For this various acts and rules are implemented in order to control its adverse effect on
environment. Some technologies are revised in order to reduce its effects or control emission of
carbon dioxide.
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LO 2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORCES IN STRATEGIC DECISION
MAKING
Need of reducing carbon footprints in business.
Carbon footprints refer to the presence of carbon dioxide in environment. It is responsible
to increasing various environmental causes such as gradual increase in temperature, depletion of
ozone layer. These all factors are resulting in the form of global warming. In order to control
emission of carbon dioxide in nature, various strategies are introduced. Business groups and
plants of companies are considered as an important factor of this. According to a research 60%
of carbon dioxide released by various business groups (Patra, 2017). They are directly affecting
the configuration of greenhouse gases. Annually 3% of carbon dioxide is increasing, up to 2020
it.
Business organisation needs to reduce carbon footprints. As they are considered as major
contributor of carbon dioxide. Along with this various consequences can be measured such as
change in climatic condition and depletion of resources. These are the two factors that are
directly influencing business organisation. As every company needs resources in order to
develop products and services (Wiedenhofer and et. al., 2017). It is considered as a primary
element of firms in order to start operations. Lack of resource directly affects the development
and processing of resources. Another important factor is change in climatic conditions, it is also
affecting some organisation. The operational strategies are not effectively implemented due to
this.
Impact on competitive environment:
Airline industries are directly influencing environment. Around 1.5% to 2% of emission
of carbon dioxide done by this industry during travelling from one to another. Along with this
they are contributing through manufacturing and operations also. During the manufacturing
process of plains, various energy sources are required that releases energy sources. Those
sources results in the form of carbon footprints after reacting with environmental gases. In order
to reduce, some companies are developing advance engine that are consuming low amount of
energy resources. As a result small amount of gases are releases. The re;leased gases are reduced
into small components (Reducing our carbon footprint 30% by 2030. 2017). Due to the
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decomposition of components components are reduced into their stable form. Therefore, they do
not combine with other gases of greenhouse in order to results into stable components.
For this various organisations are having development and research unit. Through which
they are trying to minimise the emission of gases and released component should be stable. Due
to committed approaches of designing and manufacturing unit, innovation and creativity are
being implemented into the process. Through all this research the amount of CO2 is controlled at
small amount. Implementation of technologies is based on various factors such as material for
the body, HFO or optimised techniques engine through which flue efficient systems can be
developed (Wiedenhofer and et. al., 2017). Through this count of activated carbon get reduced
which directly affect the emission rate. Various administrative bodies are also taking part by
providing standards in order to control. According to the researcher airlines industries would be
able to minimize emission of carbon by 2050. for this various models are introduced with
alternative techniques.
Foreseeable future:
In order to control carbon footprints various strategies are running currently. Various rule
and regulations are also implemented by governments. International conference are also
organised in order to discuss strategies for controlling its adverse effect. Some strategies are also
implemented for future. According to the 21th Conference of Paris agreement (COP21), in this
195 states were participated. Aimed of reducing carbon dioxide up to 30% by 2020. In this
conference various issues were discussed that are increasing emission (Reducing our carbon
footprint 30% by 2030. 2017). Various strategies are also implemented in order to reduce or
control emission footprint. Several tracking and measuring activities are also introduced in order
to monitor activities of business groups and organisations.
The major focusing areas were implementing energy efficiently, refrigerants. Recycling
wastes, maintaining transportation and logistics. In order to implement them effectively action
plan was also provided by them such as involving LED, and optimised resources in order to
reduce consumptions of energy. Through this energy management approach emission of carbon
footprint can be controlled up to CO2 sqft. Through introducing the refrigerants emission can be
controlled up to 15% (Patra, 2017). The target is to control it up to 2020. for this high potential
equipments are replaced by low potential. Through this way emission can be controlled which
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directly reduces the global warming. Along with this HFO blends are also introduced for the
same. Through HFO leakage of gases can be also controlled (Reducing our carbon footprint 30%
by 2030. 2017.).
80% of wastes are created by corporate sector, which is a major contributor. According to
the agreement it should be achieved by 2030. Therefore, by implementing this as land filling and
by converting it into organic components all the waste is trying to reduce by 2030. For this
various technologies are also involved in order to decompose the waste into small components in
order to easily recycle it (Lin and et. al., 2017).
LO4 DECISION MAKING TOOLS FOR ADDRESSING THE
CONTEMPORARY DRIVERS FOR CHANGE
In order to address contemporary changes into the system, decision making tool can be
effectively implemented. The process is divided into seven steps such as:
 Explaining problem.
 Identification of causing factors.
 Implementing alternative strategies.
 Evaluating their impact.
 Implementation of decisions.
 Controlling and evaluation.
This process can be effectively implemented in order to reduce effect of carbon
footprints. On the basis of various factors that are considered, changes can be effectively
enforced without making any harmful impact on the ecosystem. This is considered as an
effective approach in order to implement strategies at large scale. Through this scheme troubling
factors can be controlled effectively and steps will be implement accurately. Along with this it
also helps to identity impact, due to which turnover can be also calculated. During the process of
implementation discussion opportunities are also provided to clients which enables in order to
implement necessary changes.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of above report carbon footprints are considered as major factor of affecting
environment. They are influencing greenhouse configurations by combining with the other gases
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present there. Airline industries are increasing carbon dioxide through various activities like
manufacturing, operational and transportation. Around 1.5% to 2% of emission of carbon
dioxide done by this industry during travelling from one to another. Various organisations are
working and implementing resources in order to reduce global warming and greenhouse effects.
Various organisation are taking it as an competitive advantage. Several future strategies are
introduced in order to reduce impact at global level.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Attari, S. Z., Krantz, D. H. and Weber, E. U., 2016. Statements about climate researchers’
carbon footprints affect their credibility and the impact of their advice. Climatic
Change.138(1). pp.325-338.
Chen, M. and et. al., 2017. The carbon footprints of home and in-center peritoneal dialysis in
China. International urology and nephrology.49(2). pp.337-343.
Farmery, A. K., Gardner, C., Green, B. S., Jennings, S. and Watson, R. A., 2015. Domestic or
imported? An assessment of carbon footprints and sustainability of seafood consumed
in Australia. Environmental Science & Policy.54. pp.35-43.
Kennedy, E. H., Krahn, H. and Krogman, N. T., 2014. Egregious emitters: disproportionality in
household carbon footprints. Environment and Behavior.46(5). pp.535-555.
Li, Y. and et. al., 2017. Energy use and carbon footprints differ dramatically for diverse
wastewater-derived carbonaceous substrates: An integrated exploration of biokinetics
and life-cycle assessment. Scientific Reports,.7.
Lin, J. and et. al., 2017. Developing a city-centric global multiregional input-output model
(CCG-MRIO) to evaluate urban carbon footprints. Energy Policy.108. pp.460-466.
Pablo-Romero, M. D. P. and Sánchez-Braza, A., 2017. The changing of the relationships
between carbon footprints and final demand: Panel data evidence for 40 major
countries. Energy Economics.61. pp.8-20.
Pandey, D., Agrawal, M. and Bohra, J. S., 2015. Carbon Footprints of Rice Cultivation under
Different Tillage Practices in Rice-wheat System. In Management of Water, Energy and
Bio-resources in the Era of Climate Change: Emerging Issues and Challenges.(pp. 325-
332). Springer International Publishing.
Patra, A. K., 2017. Accounting methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and carbon footprints of
livestock food products in different states of India. Journal of Cleaner Production.
Wiedenhofer, D. and et. al., 2017. Unequal household carbon footprints in China. Nature
Climate Change.7(1).pp.75-80.
Online
Reducing our carbon footprint 30% by 2030. 2017. [Online] Available at:
<http://www.loblaw.ca/content/dam/lclcorp/pdfs/Responsibility/Loblaw%20Carbon
%20Reduction%20Strategy_EN.pdf> (Accessed: 30 June 2017).
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