Strategic Airport Planning and Development: Challenges and Solutions

This report provides a comprehensive overview of strategic airport planning and development, focusing on the challenges related to terminal and runway capacity, and accessibility. It explores the increasing demands of air travel and the operational challenges faced by airports, including runway incursions, air traffic congestion, and environmental impacts like greenhouse gas emissions and noise pollution. The report examines various solutions, such as runway status lights, cockpit-based surface displays, Runway Awareness and Advisory Systems, and the use of GPS-enabled devices for incursion prevention. It also illustrates the impact of these challenges on stakeholders, including customers, sponsors, suppliers, and employees, highlighting the financial and operational repercussions of delays and incidents. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of strategic planning in addressing these issues and improving overall airport performance, suggesting the adoption of successful solutions like SESAR to minimize incidents and enhance services for stakeholders. This report is designed to provide valuable insights into the complexities of airport management and development.

Strategic Airport Planning
&
Development

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Explicate planning challenges that are involved within development of terminal, runway
capacity along with accessibility............................................................................................1
Elucidate ways in which challenges can be addressed...........................................................2
Illustrate the impact of various entities on stakeholders........................................................3
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................4
References........................................................................................................................................5

Introduction
Strategic planning refers to art associated with formulation of business strategies,
executing them along with evaluation of influence that is being created on organisational
objectives. The emphasis is laid on delivering services in such manner so that need of probable
customers and stakeholders can be accomplished in precise manner (Brockhoff, 2019). The
strategic plan and development provides a place for recording vision, mission as well as values
and long term goals along with probable plan that will be utilised for attaining them. Various
operations are conducted within airport but for this there has to be adequate planning through
which it can be ensured that all the operations are done in precise manner. This report is based on
certain aspects related with airport by use of some example. In addition to this, there are certain
challenges that are encountered by them while constructing airport and ways in which they can
be acknowledged. Furthermore, the probable impact that is being created on stakeholder will be
depicted.
Explicate planning challenges that are involved within development of terminal, runway capacity
along with accessibility
The air travel demands are increasing continuously there is need for them to be
operationally effective. Runway capacity is has became a real challenge while taking into
consideration cost, environment along with time implications associated with development of
runways (Choi and Hampton, 2020). The worst accident which took place within the aviation
was in 1977 when collision occurred between two Boeings in Canary Island around 583 lives
went due to runway incursion. Each year an aircraft enters or crosses active runway without
having any kind of permissions.
The airport capacity is creeping in major airports worldwide which brings in nightmare
visions in context of hot summer delays, people or passengers are queued in security as well as
baggage collection and there are many more delays if flight is late. Along with this, air traffic is
set to rise which will also lead to cause environmental influence that will enhance greenhouse
gas emissions along with noise remains at constant point with respect to contention for
communities those living in delay buildings (Dimitrov and Petrova, 2019). In addition to this,
noise will be the other continuous point of contention for those living near to the airport. These
concerns are being made by EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency), the report illustrated
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that as air traffic has grown by near about 3.8% then the carbon dioxide that is emitted has also
increased by around 5.2%. This clearly depicts a major challenge which must be addressed.
Most of the delays are being caused via air traffic control capacity along with staffing
problems but along with this, there are other disruptive events like weather and industrial actions
(Effendi, Musika and Harahap, 2020). In 2018, the total cost due to delays and cancellations was
near about 17.9 billion, on the other hand with respect to 2017, there was 29% of increase and
passengers affected by this are 347 million which are around 31%. This clearly illustrates that the
runway capacity have direct impact on people waiting for their flights. An example can be taken
to understand this concept suppose a flight has to come at 9:30 am at runway A but other flight
landed due to any reason then this will add cost to aircraft firm and there will be delay within the
one that was supposed to go at 9:30 am as they cannot come in runway. This also creates a
relevant influenceon persons waiting in the airport. Similarly, when flight in a day is delayed due
to any reason then probabilities of other flights scheduled for a day will also be delayed. This
will have pessimistic impact on customers as huge crowd will be generated in airport and they
along with firm will face relevant circumstances (Mahamood and Waghmare, 2019). These are
major challenges that add up cost to airport and also lead stakeholders to suffer.
Elucidate ways in which challenges can be addressed
The various aspects have illustrated above which hampers the overall operations of
organisations and relevant countermeasures are needed for handling these so that overall impact
can be minimised. In this context, National Transportation Safety Board have formulated RI
prevention as one of their top priorities with reference to aviation. There are many techniques
that aid to acknowledge problems or challenges with reference to aviation. They includes runway
status lights, cockpit-based surface that involves moving maps (Pandey, 2020). This provides
pilot with relevant dynamic images of airport that provides them with status of position of their
aircraft within this. It will lead to avoid the runway crashes and to have information whether
there is any flight on run way or can land in safely. The other technical solution involves
Runway Awareness as well as advisory system which will not only render flight crew with
information related with relative positioning of aircraft to runway along with this, voice
announcements must be provided that will alert them with crucial information when they
approach critical intersections (FIELDING A LOW-COST SOLUTION TO RUNWAY
INCURSIONS, 2020). In this context, ASDE-X airport surface traffic management system is
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used by different airport like Heathrow International Airport utilises critical algorithms that are
liable for generating alerts to controllers to vehicle collisions or probable aircraft.
In context of cost involved, the GPS enabled handheld devices such as Blackbery, iPhone
and Android can give excellent performance at low cost for incursion prevention system
(Ramirez, 2019). This will enable pilot to not only depend on airport infrastructure and will also
render different ways to taxi clearance. The version of SRAP 200 ft will be designed for carrying
out night operations when noise is regarded as restricting factor. The other major active threshold
as well as dual glideslope will enhance separation; reduce noise footprints in safe manner
without any kind of additional tool. Along with this, SRAP 200ft will render open access for
various regional airports which are heavily restricted because of noise restrictions (Air traffic
control: Making the best of your assets – a runway package, 2020). The European airports have
tackled current as well as future runway challenges by making use of SESAR solutions which
are being identified within Runway Throughput Package. This has assisted European airports to
have 8% of improvised throughput within different airports. Along with this, delays, operational
resilience and slowing within approaching airport capacity wall is also declined.
Illustrate the impact of various entities on stakeholders
There are various challenges faced by airports and they are illustrated above which also
have significant impact on stakeholders. They are individuals who can attain certain benefits
from airport. Like customers can travel from one place to other, sponsors, if things go well then
they can have their payments on time; suppliers are liable to furnish relevant resources to airport
as per their requirements, employees of organisation who can render their services easily and
board of directors (Brockhoff, 2019). Each stakeholder has certain benefits or assets involved
within ways services are being delivered. Various incidents take place due to runway incursions
which leads to loss of life and in year one such incident occur when aircraft lands in runway
without any permission. This leads to delay within schedule of other flight. This creates a
relevant impact on stakeholders; customers have to wait for hours so that they can board on the
flight. The maintenance cost will have to be paid and additional cost is also involved when flight
is being delayed. This leads to creation of pessimistic impact on overall performance of the firm.
Along with this, employees need to maintain customers and answer to the questions that are
being raised by them but it is always not possible to tell everything to them. Sometimes situation
may get worse and there are adequate repercussions that will be faced by them. It is necessary
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that adequate measures are being taken by aviation industry so that extra cost can be avoided.
The other probable solution to deal with this is to construct new runway and airports that will
have adequate capacity to acquire more people and eliminate certain incidents (Choi and
Hampton, 2020). But this may take near about 20 years more. Thus, it is important to identify the
options through which impact on stakeholders can be minimised.
Conclusion
From above it can be concluded that, strategic planning denotes documentation as well as
establishment of directions through which present scenarios can be evaluated to have better
future. It present airports with pivotal role within the ways they responds to challenges and
utilise opportunities. It is necessary to take relevant steps through which carbon dioxide
emission, noise, runway incursions, cost involved and impact on capacity can be decreased to
have overall affirmative performance. As per the results attained, it is identified the SESAR
solution had great positive influence on European airports thus, other airports can also take
advantage from the same. This will aid to minimise the incidents that occur and will also assist
stakeholders to have enhanced services without any kind of delay.
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References
Books and Journals
Brockhoff, J., 2019. Planning and development in New South Wales. Planning News, 45(4),
p.19.
Choi, W. and Hampton, S., 2020. Scenario-Based Strategic Planning for Future Civil Vertical
Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Transport. Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education &
Research, 29(1), pp.1-31.
Dimitrov, D. and Petrova, I., 2019, October. Strategic planning and development of transport
infrastructures based on agile methodology. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science
and Engineering (Vol. 664, No. 1, p. 012033). IOP Publishing.
Effendi, I., Musika, L. and Harahap, A.R., 2020. Silangit Airport Development Strategy In
Supporting Improved Economic Growth Of Tourism Sector In North
Sumatra. International Journal of Advances in Social and Economics, 2(2).
Mahamood, T.A. and Waghmare, A.P., 2019. Construction Planning and Management of
Airport: A Case Study of Purandar Airport.
Pandey, M.M., 2020. Evaluating the strategic design parameters of airports in Thailand to meet
service expectations of Low-Cost Airlines using the Fuzzy-based QFD method. Journal
of Air Transport Management, 82, p.101738.
Ramirez, N., 2019. Airport Strategic Planning; Master Planning: An Exploratory Research
Project.
Online
Air traffic control: Making the best of your assets – a runway package. 2020. [Online]. Available
through: <https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/81875/air-traffic-best-
assets/>.
FIELDING A LOW-COST SOLUTION TO RUNWAY INCURSIONS. 2020. [Online].
Available through: <https://www.mitre.org/publications/project-stories/fielding-a-
lowcost-solution-to-runway-incursions>.
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