Comprehensive Analysis: Airport Expansion and Social Fabric Effects

This report delves into the multifaceted impacts of airport expansion, focusing on its social and economic consequences. It begins with an overview of the research, highlighting the importance of airport development for economic growth and connectivity. The report explores the impact of expansion on local communities, addressing issues such as noise pollution and property value, while also acknowledging the economic benefits of increased air travel and job creation. The study examines aviation policy, including objectives related to competition, planning, and environmental considerations. The research aims to ascertain the effectiveness of airport expansion and its effects on social composition, identifying the importance of expansion, its social impact, challenges encountered, and potential benefits. The report utilizes literature review, research design, and data analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic, culminating in conclusions and recommendations for sustainable expansion strategies. The report also highlights the role of government policies and regulations in managing the environmental and social externalities associated with airport development.

Airport expansion and
its effects on the
social fabric

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................1
Title .................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of research .......................................................................................................1
1.2 Rationale for the study......................................................................................................4
1.3 Research aims ..................................................................................................................4
1.4 Research Objectives.........................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Questions..........................................................................................................5
1.6 Chapter structure..............................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................8
2.1 The important of airport expansion on country................................................................8
2.2 The impact of airport expansion on social composition of country...............................10
2.3 Major challenges which are encountered by airport expansion in country....................12
2.4 Benefits that can be availed after airport expansion......................................................14
Type of investigation............................................................................................................16
Research design....................................................................................................................16
Research approach................................................................................................................17
Research philosophy.............................................................................................................17
Data collection method.........................................................................................................17
Sampling method..................................................................................................................18
Data analysis.........................................................................................................................18
Chapter 4: Data Analysis...............................................................................................................20
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations................................................................................7
5.1 Conclusion........................................................................................................................7
5.2 Recommendations............................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

Chapter 1: Introduction
Title
“To ascertain the effectiveness of airport expansion and its impact on social
composition”.
1.1 Overview of research
The factors which are linked with expansion of airport are valuable for the growth and
development of the overall economy as people will not face any type of difficulty while
travelling from one location to another. The expansion is the most important factor as it results in
connecting people of different country together so they can utilise all the available resources in
effective and planned ways thus attaining growth and success of the overall country. Government
have also adopted measures in order to expand the airports so that country can easily progress in
their business operations (Leamer and Storper, 2014). The government adopted plans in order to
formulate documents in which rules and regulations have to be mentioned related with the
procedure of expanding the airports.
Local communities and aviation: It stress that some groups of people are affecting the
future prospects of airport development, either long term or short term. The Land Compensation
Act, 1973 part 1, implies that if there is depreciation of land by physical factors such as fumes,
smell, vibration and noise are cause by using a public works. Section of “ blight in the future of
air transport” take them into account. Development of airport have impact on value of property,
it is also called as generalised blight. The persons who are affected should access to a certain
form of redress, e.g. help in relocate. Exactly that route which BAA taken. No formal application
should be made for new runway, they had already purchased a property in their village
surroundings. The Property Market Support Bond step towards uncertainty reduce which are
faced by residents wish of selling a property. Prices are calculated which are linked to prices of
2002, valuations of two separate from two different agents of estate and take a average. Main
problems for communities around a airport is having pollution of noise and the regulations of
Europe-wide of noise seem set to a high remain on a agenda of makers of policy but present
policies had a little effect while reducing a pollution of noise. On other hand, aviation bring out
benefits of economy, other side having a negative environmental ans social impacts of expansion
of airport are borne exclusively by a communities of local and may led to increases a level of
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opposition to expand airport plans. Environmental and social externalities which have became a
life feature for communities closing of residing in major airports.
Managing airport noise and air quality impacts: Airport authorities ensures that residents
in their surrounding communities and they inform changes in relation to planning enquiries.
They will provide necessary information to surrounding people related to any change by
company operation. Company have established a committee for solving this problem, in this
committee they have 32 members (Airport authority and government officials) to set interface
between airport and their neighbouring committee. Company have discovered how they affect on
their surrounding environment and local residents. The airport have developed noise restriction
program for solve noise issue, but resident are still surviving and that is the biggest concern in
today environment. The Heathrow expansion strategies are different for every company resident
are survive form this new strategies. The noise problem are arise because airport authorities are
not permit for night flights. The expansion are not such problem outline that through flights
would be operated for 16 hour of the day. This noise problem are created by consumption of
fuel. Consumption mean increasing carbon dioxide, water vapour, nitrogen oxides, carbon
monoxide and hydrocarbons. Those create impact on globe warming and climate change. Noise
are create negative impact on environment as well as on social culture. That is the people
responsibilities toward their environment that they have follow some rule and regulation for
making voice against their noise those create impact on overall organisation and society.
Airports are important factor for social development and regional accessibility: The air
transportation services for passengers and freight are an essential component for the growth &
development of the global economy. The social benefits which are derived from expansion of
airports are beneficial for all the people who are residing in the country as they can easily enjoy
their life they can travel from one location to another in order to spend their holidays. The
importance of expansion of Airports are related with introducing a system which is called as
Public service obligation and this is the most vital factor which ensures that services are properly
maintained in the economy. Thus ensuring growth and development of firms. Air transportation
helps in accessing the island and remote communities to participate in different programmes so
that people are connected with one another. As the airports are expanding thus their social and
economic impacts on the overall economy and people will also be employed because there there
are large number of jobs available in the economy and people will effectively utilise all the
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resources which are available in economy. The facilities of Airport services are also important
factors for making improvements in the quality of life of those people who are residing in the
remote or village areas (Hennessy and McCleary, 2011). The importance of regional and social
factors are most difficult factors to quantify but there are in turn valuable for the growth and the
development of the remote areas as facilities are available which they can easily use. If there
would not be expansion of airport that many regions of the country will not be able to participate
in the programmes which are organised in the modern world. This would have hindered the
quality of life of the people who are living in those regions. There will be opportunities for local
people as they can be employed and they can easily fulfil the basic necessities of their life as they
are earning money in order to easily sustain their life and fulfil all their demands.
The economic of the Heathrow Expansion: It gives economic contribution in UK's
economy as people prefer aviation service that others because it is less time consuming. Around
128 millions travel with this medium. Heathrow faces lot of competition with other airline
companies so as to stand in a better position. Approximately 35 percent of people who are
travelling are basically the one who are transfer passengers and they always contribute in
economy of UK. With in the close boundaries around 20 percent of flights are there due to which
there is less demand for third runway. They are adding around 220,000 flights in an year at the
site of west London.
Aviation Policy: Under section 3.1 of “Airport Policy 1986” following are the objectives
which are to be followed and they are as follows:
11 By providing enough equipments and facilities they can adopt a strong competition
between different airlines.11 Planning is important for implementing new plans for the benefit of aviation industry.
Environmental consequences should kept in mind before introducing this in a proper
manner.11 Should make best use of their facilities which they are having so that justify their
economy appropriately.11 There should be an increase in regional airports so that they can attract more and more
demands.11 Proper linkage between international airports is must which will support Heathrow and
Gatwick to rise in superior positions.
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1.2 Rationale for the study
The investigator is responsible in order to evaluate the overall working in which different
activities are executed in order to attain the objectives of research linked with expansion of
airport which are valuable factor for the growth and development of the overall economy. The
factors which are encompassed in the research are valuable by nature in order to serve valuable
purpose which are beneficial for the overall economy (Hawkins, 2013). The most important
factor for the researcher is related with identifying the purpose behind the overall research
operations. The main aim behind the research is related with expansion of Airport in order to
develop the overall country as there will be employment opportunities available for people as
business operations are expanded and resources will also be utilised in effective and planned
manner. In the modern era there is high competition in the economy and people are focused on
expanding business operations in order to earn high profitability and also welfare of the overall
economy. If there are measures adopted by government in order to expand airports then people
can be easily connected with one another, the businessman can travel easily from one location to
another in order to attend business meetings, these airport transportation facilities are also useful
for those individuals who want to travel to different locations.
There should be ideas generated in the overall research in order to analyse different ways
by which airports operations can be extended in the economy and according there should be
budgets formulates so that money can be executed in the projects and the areas can be easily
expended this is an important factor for all those populations who are residing in the remote or
village areas as it will help them in order to easily avail the facilities and travel from one location
to another thus making their life survive easily. The working of the researcher are helpful in
order to analyse the different ways by which exports can be developed and expanded in the
economy thus resulting in social growth of the overall economy.
1.3 Research aims
The research aims are formulated as they are beneficial in order to analyse all overall
research operations are carried out in right directions. The main aims of research operations are
linked with “To ascertain the effectiveness of airport expansion and its impact on social
composition”. This is the major factor for the researcher as they will develop various factors in
order to expanding airline industry thus achieving growth and development for the overall
economy.
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1.4 Research Objectives
The research objectives are formulated on the basis of the predetermined aims and these
are important factors as they are providing help to the researcher so they can develop effectual
findings and recommendation on the basis of the research data that have been gathered by them.
There are different components designed which are based on the topic which is selected for the
research study. The major research objectives are described below as:
 To identify the important of airport expansion on country.
 To evaluate the impact of airport expansion on social composition of country.
 To identify the major challenges which are encountered by airport expansion in country.
 To determine various benefits that can be availed after airport expansion.
 To recommand different ways enough which expansion can be carried out in a
sustainable manner.
1.5 Research Questions
The researcher is having the main responsibility in order to develop list of questions
according to which the overall research operations will be carried out. In this research the main
focus of investigator is linked with identifying solutions to the questions which have been
designed for the overall research.
1. How to identify the importance of airport expansion on country.
2. What is the impact of airport expansion on social and economic composition of country.
3. What are the ways by which major challenges which are encountered by airport
expansion in country.
4. How to determine various benefits that can be availed after airport expansion.
5. What are the different ways by which airport expansion can be carried out in a
sustainable manner.
1.6 Chapter structure
The working of the research which are executed should be carried out in a proper format.
There should be effective structures designed in which overall working had to be carried out. In
the current research the investigator is following the structures which are evaluated below as
Chapter 1: Introduction
The first and the foremost step of starting a research operation is known as introduction
and it provides a brief summary related with the research topic. The section also encompass of
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the objectives and aims which had to be achieved by the researcher in their overall research
operations. This is the first and the foremost steps taken by the research person while he is
involved in research operations.
Chapter 2: Literature review
This is the second factor of the research in which investigator examine various view of
point of authors in order to find informations related with expansion of airport as it results in
overall growth and development of the economy. The informations is gathered from various
sources such as journals, books and other articles which are published in magazines and
newspapers. It is the strong base for the overall research as the aims and objectives are
formulated which are beneficial for doing the in-depth study about the subject.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
The is the next very important chapter for the overall research operations and this is
stated after the literature review part. It contains various tools and techniques which helps in
collecting important data so that valuable outcomes can be easily attained.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
This is the most vital factor of research operations in which the gathered data are
analysed effectively in relations with the defined aims and business objectives. This is an
important chapter which is useful in order to make the readers understand the concept in most
effectual manner.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
This is the last chapter of the research study where conclusion is drawn in relation to the
whole research topic and the aims and objectives are formulated related with the research study.
There are recommendations drawn in order to make plans by which airline business operations
can be easily expanded thus the economy can easily achieve growth and success and provide
employment opportunities to large group of people.
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Chapter 2: Literature Review
The investigator had to carry out detail information about the data which are published
with the help of different sources and this mainly includes informations which are chosen from
the secondary source. The data which are collected by the researcher in the previous studies can
also be taken into consideration for analysing purpose. The previous studies are beneficial in
order to make proper recommendations about how the Heathrow airports can be expanded so that
economy can easily achieve growth and development in their overall business operations. This
part is valuable for the investigator as they can easily analyse the topic and this will help them in
achieving success in their research. With the help of literature review chapter the investigator is
able to generate reliable and the valuable outcomes which are beneficial for him in order to
achieve success in their overall business operations which are linked with their field work of
expansion of airports. In the present research analysis is made on analysing effectiveness of
airport expansion and its impact on social composition. The different ways of expanding airports
can be easily analysed with the help of data which were collected by other persons in the past
time. This is the foundation path for the researcher by which they can easily carry out all their
working on the basis of the studies. There are different type of modules and framework designed
which are related with the research field of expanding the airports. The literature gaps are easily
analysed and improvements can be made on the research work so that various factors can be
analysed on the basis of the which the overall project had to be completed. There is in-depth and
detail studies are conducted with the help of various model and theories and these are evaluated
below as:
2.1 The important of airport expansion on country
According to the studies of (Baporikar, (2016) it is analysed that airport expansion are
having huge importance on growth and development of the overall economy as it results in
generating employment opportunities for large group of population. While people are having
conversation about the development of Airports in UK then there main focus is on battle between
various airports as they are seeking for the support of government in order to develop new
runways. In the present time the issue have been changes in the favour of the expansion of
Heathrow airport and on the other hand all the politicians are involved in the election campaign
and this is the most vital factor in order to carry out the development of the UK airports as the
parties will spend money in order to win the elections. The views of (Giddens, (2013) have
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argued that expansion of the airports are valuable and important for the overall economy and also
businessman as they can easily travel from one place to another and can attend their important
business meetings. The other modes of transportation are also playing an important role in the
overall development and growth of the nation but the airports sector is having the major value in
social and economic development of the nations and also people can easily travel internationally
as the connectivity speed of airlines are higher and also they are unparalleled. The airports
expansion are useful for the overall economy as they have become the part of economic and
social fabric which are connected globally and people can easily access to them. While taking
about the remote areas these are most advantageous as it results in generating facilities which
people can easily access.
Airports are contributing to the overall growth and development across UK
The regional airports are beneficial for the economic development of the country as they
are providing growth and development of various regions, they are beneficial in connecting
people globally all around, employment in the country is enhanced as people are earning money
there is investment in the service sector which has grown up and the communities are growing
with the help of airport expansion. The airline sector is mainly supporting those firms which are
having the export business as it is analysed that UK is exporting their material with the help of
Airline industry. There is economic development as people are travelling by air in order to visit
different places thus they are spending money which in turn contributes to the overall economy
development. Example: The airports all around are important part of the regional strategies in
order to attract customers and retain investment so that firms can achieve growth and success in
their business operations. The business surveys are organised in order to retain those factors
which are useful for the overall development of aviation sector as views of all the people of the
economy are considered. In some of the remote areas of the country there are different types of
effective alternatives designed and these are providing access to various type of services which
are related with education and health sector and also the people of the community can easily
travel for leisure and business operations.
According to the research of (Jia, Yang, Wang, Hong and You, (2011)it is analysed that
liberalisation of the air traffic all around Europe and also the emergence factor of cost of
developing new airlines are helpful for the regional airports as they have achieved significant
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growth and success in their overall business operations from the past years. The airports are
constantly enhancing their shares at market places
Bold agenda of a new government
Company represents over 50 United Kingdom airports, is providing an opportunity of
summer campaign of general election for explaining to how candidates of parliaments get elected
then could help in government persuade for adopting a framework policies which are much
supportive airports of regional. They have to ignore one size fits are costly to all regulations
approaches and they want adoption of fair work of frame by governments for their growth for all
United Kingdom airports.
Agenda which are bold are calling for better supporting for using a capacity of existing, it
enables plan aviation for becoming much sustainable and give more support by strategies to the
airports which are smaller. It mean having a look closer at disproportionately by burden of a
large regulatory which airports are smaller much bear in a current. It seeks government building
on an success of regional air connectivity fund with a round of further investments in aid of start
ups.
Elections which are general traditionally are a time when their division of political
emphasis-but, unanimity provides across spectrum of political about important roles that airports
which are regional play, it will be so difficult for building a consensus politically that airport of
regional are having their policies friendly would be in a scenario of win-win for a whole country.
2.2 The impact of airport expansion on social composition of country
According to the views of (Schlembach, (2011) it is analysed that Expansion of airport in
country gives many impact on social factors of country because it will increase transportation
facilities. Gives employment opportunities various specialisation expertise. Below explained are
impact of airport expansion on social composition of country-
The Social importance of transportation- Development in country is mainly concern
with social, political and economical conditions. These improvement in economy helps in human
capital expansion also, like education and income level. On other hand, it will help in physical
capital like transportation facilities, telecommunication and utilities. In current scenario to
increase productivity of organisation and for better balance they have to include human capital
issues also. An efficient transportation system helps in providing social and economic
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opportunities and benefits that results in positive multipliers and market accessibility and
additional information.
Physical characteristics of airlines on the basis of their geographical and operational
dimensions
Core – Fundamental impact of airlines is mainly related with mobility of passengers and goods
which include a route among new and existing economic entities.
Operational – This factor involves performances in terms of reliability. It reduces the loss and
damages of passengers' luggage. Thus, airlines would achieve better utilisation of transportation
assert.
Geographical– Area of market space place where production , distribution and and consumption
level can be improved increased.
The importance of airline industry on basis of micro and macro environment:-
Microeconomic level- Airlines and mobility are linking with a level of output and
income in national economy. According to survey on airlines, it contributes as 6% to 12% in
GDP of developed country.
Microeconomic level- Airlines are directly related with consumer,producer and
production cost. For attaining greater income level, airlines are directly linked with higher share
of transportation.
Impact of airlines on economy – Production of input by airlines helps in adding value
and scope of employment in local economy. It has increased sources in direct and indirect
employment. As direct impact, this would has considered in improving the efficiency and
capacity where airlines tend to provide employment, added value, markets,cost improvement. On
the other hand, indirect impacts includes outcome from economic of scale an improved. Airlines
are responsible for employment effect and wide range of added value by linked it with other
economic structures. The outcome of employees include prices of commodities, goods and
services etc. comes in induce impact of airlines on economy.
Economic activities and airlines- Airlines are also linked with increasing economic
opportunities. In some phases of economic activity, there is subsequent rise of airline industry.
New sources of employment and opportunities in airlines arise due to the field of supply chain
management.
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