Airways: Knowledge Management, ICT, and HRM Impact Analysis

This report provides an analysis of knowledge management within the context of Airways, examining various types of knowledge and the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in daily operations. It explores how managers can convert data and information into useful knowledge, differentiating between data, information, and knowledge. The report also evaluates the importance of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and their contribution to internal processes, including recruitment, training, and employee retention. Furthermore, it touches upon the significance of HRM in fostering a positive work environment and enabling change management. The analysis emphasizes how ICT advancements, such as big data and social media, impact business activities, communication, and decision-making. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of strategic decisions and the use of technology to transform data into actionable knowledge, crucial for the long-term survival and competitive advantage of Airways. Desklib provides a platform to access this and other similar solved assignments to aid students.

Managing Knowledge

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAN BODY....................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................1
REFERENCE...................................................................................................................................2

INTRODUCTION
Knowledge management is the process in which using, creating and sharing and also
maintaining all the knowledge and information. It is the multidisciplinary approach in which
best use of knowledge can be done to meet the organization goal. This report will be prepared on
the basis of case study of Airways. Moreover, this report will also cover different type of
knowledge and the role of ICT in every day life. In addition to this. The report will also evaluate
the importance of HRM practices and their contribution in internal process. Moreover, this
report will also analyse Cameron and Quinn model to analyse the organization culture.
MAIN BODY
Question 1
Types of knowledge and Role of ICT on everyday basis in company and how manager can
convert data and information into useful knowledge. Also explain difference between
knowledge, data and information.
Types of knowledge:
factual knowledge- this knowledge can gain through exposure, commitment and repetition.
Memory of the individual is not the place where information can be saved for longer period that
is why knowledge is stored in books, journals, notebooks, online etc. if an individual wanted to
get success then it is important to have factual knowledge on which decisions can be taken
(Haider and Sundin, 2019).
Conceptual knowledge-
this knowledge is also little similar with factual knowledge as it also talk about facts but in
organised manner. If British airways wanted to achieve success than it is important that for
managers to know differences to attain competitive advantage.
Procedural knowledge-
this type of knowledge helps company in attaining their goals and objectives. As it believes in
putting planning into actions. This gives knowledge of the particular subject and skills.
Tacit knowledge-
it is the knowledge which is already their in the human mind and it is achieved through jobs and
experience. It is also impacted through personal wisdom.
Explicit knowledge-
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knowledge which is present inside books, websites etc.
it can be said that knowledge can be gathered from various external and internal areas like online
books, library available books etc. society also plays important role in providing knowledge.
Information and communication technology (ICT) plays major role in the growth and success of
the British Airways. ICT comes with digital technology which help individual and companies
for attaining success. It includes electronic devices through which information gets deal in the
digital form. So that is why ICT is related with digital storage, transmission of data digitally and
retrieval. ICT is preparing British Airways to be effective and efficient and further helpful in
fulfilling needs of customers. ICT also help company in assisting their various business activities
which involves designing, producing, sales, research and development, customer feedbacks etc.
with the introduction of ICT face to face communication has reduced and people have starting
communicating online. It further helps company in getting talented workforce because with the
help of information technology it has become easy to search job and helping companies as they
are getting right candidate for the right position (Chege, Wang and Suntu, 2020). Big data also
comes under ICT which helps company in attaining competitive advantage. With the help of big
data management of British Airways can take effective decisions. Big data is tool which
promoted development within the organisation. ICT helps in every department of the
organisation. Example accounting department of the company has to deal with various
challenges and new issues. With the advancement of technology various accounting software
has introduced which can be used by accounts team to make their work simpler (Ratheeswari,
2018). It can be seen that almost every organisation is dependent on information and technology.
Without technology no organisation can survive for longer time period. ICT has brought lot of
changes in everyday life of the employees. Lot has made work of the employees easier and
faster. Level of accuracy is easily attained with the help of information technology. It makes
work so fast which facilitate quick growth of company. Technology also helps company in
promoting their business. There are various Social media platforms which are facebook,
instagram, twitter etc which helps British Airways in promoting their business. Company posts
regularly so that they can engage their customers easily. Using social media for promoting
business is also cost effective and save lots of efforts. British Airways can target their potential
customers easily and also can get benefit of more customers because users of social media
platforms are increasing and which gives possibility to get more new customers. Benefits of
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using social media is unlimited. It has become trend to do advertisement on social media
because through this company can get customers easily (Ahad, Paiva, Tripathi and Feroz,
2020).
ICT is helpful in getting large amount of important information which helps company in
increasing their customer base. One of the major benefit which is getting by ICT is
communication. Effective communication is needed at every stage of the organisation. Input and
output is the important thing in the processing cycle. With the help of ICT employees can be
easily use resources effectively and there is less wastage of resources. With the help of email it
has became easy for British Airways to handle automatic mail because now there is no need to
handle physical mail. ICT have changed workplace and brought positive changes in the
company (Palvia, Baqir and Nemati, 2018). Remote working has introduced to employees and
ICT has given contribution in that because with the help of computer and internet employees can
easily do work from home. The fashion of virtual offices are increased and it is helpful for
company in getting talented employees.
Advancement in the computer technology is rapidly increasing and managers are using
technology in making effective decisions. Technology helps managers in taking strategic
decisions. By using technology managers transform bulk of information into useful data and
these data is used in making important decisions. Strategic decisions provides direction to the
business. If British Airways wanted to survive long term then it is important that there managers
takes effective strategic decisions (Basheer, Siam, Awn and Hassan, 2019). As on the basis of
strategy only company can decide that at what direction they want to move further. Nowadays
there are many computer based software which has came in the market. So managers can use
those software and transform data into effective knowledge. Managers can use various tools in
order to analyse information. Manager can take data from their system and using tool like excel
they can convert data into meaningful knowledge. Analytical tools is helpful in giving
information which is helpful to company in growing. Raw data is of new use until it gets
converted into meaningful information. Here technology comes in role because they quickly
help company in converting information quickly so that on that basis decisions can be made. For
transforming information into knowledge it is important to collect valid data and also organise
them properly. When information is collected then patterns can draw for better understanding.
Big data is the concept which has become famous nowadays. Big data is complex and for many
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companies it has become an issue. Managers use technologies and convert big data into useful
information. British airways also have large amount of data and they have well trained and
skilled employees which can convert their large amount of data into useful knowledge (de
Zubielqui, Fryges and Jones, 2019).
Data, information and knowledge is not similar. They are different with each other. Data is the
refined and unfiltered information. Whereas information is the refined version of data which
concluded those points which can be utilized for doing analysis. Information becomes
knowledge when human efforts are applied to data. Information can be used to draw meaningful
decisions. Information is also data only but it is the refined version of data. One the basis of
information decisions can be made but on the basis of data no decisions can be taken. As data is
in the raw form. Data is converted into knowledge with the help of information. Data should be
organise properly so that it can be converted into information. Information is normal message
flow. Data is the input and information is the output. Data is considered as the fragmented pieces
while information is the refined version and knowledge is the useful information. Data is of no
meaning of they are not refined properly. Information also consists of data only but n the clear
form. Data is independent and information is not independent but knowledge is understanding.
Data is of no use if it is not structured properly (Wickramasinghe and Wickramasinghe, 2020).
On the basis of only data and information managers cannot take decisions but knowledge is
required for doing predictions.
Question 2
Importance of HRM practices and their contribution to internal process.
HRM which is human resource management is used in the organisation in order to manage their
workforce effectively. The main function of HR of any organisation it is recruit, select and hire
right employee for the right position. HR is the only department of the company which fulfils
their manpower requirement. HR have skills which they use in recruiting candidates as per the
need of the department. HR is development oriented approach. It make sure that employees are
getting good working environment in the company (Yusoff, Nejati, Kee and Amran, 2020).
HRM also helps company in maintaining quality of team. Work life balance is one of the most
important thing and HR helps employees in achieving that. HR of British airways are effective
enough in order to fulfil the requirement of their employees. HR's are also responsible for
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providing training to their workforce. Training and development is important. Training should
be given to both existing and new employees. When training is provided to new employees then
they can build knowledge and skills and understands their job. Training given to the existing
employees are helpful in gaining advanced knowledge and building new skills. HR make sure
that they provide goo quality of employees and they also provides various opportunities to the
employees and motivate them so that their productivity can be increased. By giving training to
the employees they can get prepared for adopting change. Change management is the most
important thing. Employees should have always ready to adopt changes. If company will not
adopt change then they cannot able to adopt competitive advantage. One of the most important
function of HR is recruitment and selection. HR is also important in retaining workers in the
organisation. Retaining top performer workers are important if company want to beat their
competition. Talented employees are the most important asset to the company which they never
wanted to loose. British airways knows that how they can utilize their human resources in order
to attain their goals (Manzoor and et.al., 2019). For retaining employees it is important to
provide certain benefits to the employees which can be in the form of rewards, compensation,
incentives etc. when employees get extra then they motivate and do not leave company. HR also
recognize their employees for their good performance. When employees are motivated for their
good performance then it builds sense of motivation. HR of British airways with the help of
managers provide feedbacks to their employees so that they can improve in those areas where
improvement is required. Human resource is the support system of company. As they help
company in getting their most important resources.
Job design is the most important which helps in providing workplace motivation. When the job
is well designed then it brings positive behaviour and also ensure employee success. Motivation
also helps employee to grow and work hard so that goals of the company can be achieved easily.
Management of the company uses tools and techniques and strategies in order to organise, retain
and improve the business expertise (Wunderlich and Løkke, 2020). HR is contributing in the
knowledge management system as knowledge is hared within people. When data is converted
intro knowledge then only effective decisions can be taken. The major role of human resource of
the company is to provide employees when it is needed. HR knowledge management is very
helpful for onboarding new workforce. Onboarding employees is the most important thing.
There are various HR knowledge management platform and moving employee onboarding
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information to these platform make it easy for human resource to record the information of the
new employees easily. With the help of HR knowledge management system employee can easily
get answers of their questions and also there vis no need to wait for long time (Waheed and
et.al., 2019). When the HR knowledge management platforms are used wisely then it helps in
providing proper insights to the organisation position and potential risks.
In order to enhance the knowledge sharing company need to create such an environment where
all the people can put their ideas, knowledge in front of other without any fear and anxiety. It is
because by sharing knowledge and ideas company can increase their productivity and
profitability in order to sustain in the highly competitive environment. Further, there are
different techniques which has been adopted by the company to create the knowledge sharing
environment. These initiatives are as follows:
 company will encourage the faster and the right mind set so that employees can easily
share their knowledge an skill in an organization. Moreover, it also motivates the other
employees to think out of the box and contribute in the organization success.
 Company will also create friendly working environment in which employees feel
conformable to share their experience, knowledge, ideas and innovation techniques. This
will helps to encourage employees because their ideas are to valued and listened.
 Company also encourage the use of knowledge sharing tool such as team work activity
through which it provides a chance to build relationship between employees and
management. Team work helps to build strong relationship where each and every person
trust on others and make loyal and encouraging working environment.
 Company create different team and also provide the group task so that employees come
ahead to share ideas and the knowledge. Group task helps in sharing knowledge, skill
and the opportunity to learn from others by thinking out of the box.
 Company take initiative to provide the taring and development programme to the new
candidate who has joined recently. It is because this will helsp to know the organization
culture and working environment. This will also helps to make new employees
comfortable in the as per the workflow is giing on
 company also encourage the return and reward facility on the basis of ideas which has
been provided by the employees. Like, those employee who are providing ideas to
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reduce the cost then company will give that person a gift or hamper etc. it will give the
people chance to think and come up with new innovation.
 Moreover, company will also take feedback from the employee in which employees can
share their experience and ideas which is to be implemented. This will also an another
method of sharing information because some people feel shy or demotivated if their
ideas get rejected than it is an opportunity for that type of people to share their though
and knowledge in order to get the success of an organization.
 Company also promote the people on the basis of the thinking and ideas which are to be
implimenetde in the growth of an oragnization. Moreoevr an ethical working
envuironment helps to respect the others though and ideas.
Question 3
Organization culture is to be defined as shared value, practices, attitude which categorise the
organization. Ti defines the personality of the company. In this large part of employees
satisfaction is also considered. Moreover the strong organization structure attract the right
candidate for the job and keep right talent and experienced person in the company. Moreover, to
create a efficient and unique culture takes lots of efforts and time.
Quinn & cameron's model
this model is based on the four factors such as clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, market. Moreover, its
vertical axis put more focus on flexibility or stability on the other hand horizontal axis looks at
whether the organization is more outwork or inward looking. This model is also known as
competing value framework. It stated that the airways need to prioritize their competing values
which are captured in this model will analyse the culture. This model stated that there is four
type of culture such as hierarchy, clan, adhocracy, market. If company wants to adopt any one of
these culture then its objective can be achieved.
Hierarchy: it is represented as process oriented and structured as a control tool. it arises due to it
arises when the organization is performing their function by invert looking and give more focus
on stability. Moreover, with the help of these values organization look within itself to drive and
control the efficiency. It brings structure and rigor in operation by controlling operating process.
It also ensures that the things are done in smooth, control and ordered ways. Likewise, in
Airline, by applying hierarchy structure company can manager their operation culture for the
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smooth functioning of an organization. These type of organization is less responsive to the
changes which has occurred in the market. In the hierarchy system if company wants to adopt
the hierarchy culture than all the things are to be controlled and balanced as per the
prioritization. In addition to this, company monitor and check the employees' performance time
to time to meet the requirements and the efficient function of the market.
Clan:
it represents the friendly, people oriented and collaborate culture. Clan arise when the first
organization is invert looking and the give the responsiveness to the market changes. In this,
organization first look at itself and then give quick response to the effective changes. Clan value
the team work and the collaboration. At here, people also feel like families which glued together
as per the desired to work in order to achieve the common goal. Moreover the organizations
may be more interested and focused in their internal results like engagement and external
outcomes which include customer satisfaction. It there is any conflict occurred between need of
organization and the need of customer. In addition to organization may win, provided the need
isn't a matter of survival.
Airways can create clan structure in which first it is required to analyse the internal environment
of the company then in the next step it will analyse the customer satisfaction. Moreover, this
clan culture helps to meet the requirement of the company by providing friendly and
collaborative working environment where all the employees feel conformable to share the
innovative ideas in front of management.
Adhocracy
it stated that dynamic, entrepreneurial, create culture. Adhocracy is exist in an organization
which focuses on outward looking, flexibility and the quick response. In the value mix company
give the value to the pace of work, risk taking, innovation all work together to meet the need of
external market. It works together to meet the desired experiment, create quickly and innovate.
As a result, it can be entrepreneurial, ah-hoc, create new thing to find the success of an
organization. It is the one of the for of business management which focus on the individual
initiative and then self organization to meet task. This cultural factor focus to encourage their
employees to think in new direction and generate ideas through which organization can achieve
its objective. It is because this type of organization culture focus on the external where new
ideas is concerted with the market growth and company's success.
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Adhocracy culture can be adopted by the Airways which focus on flexible and quick response to
the customer need. In addition to this, all the changes which has been occurred in the market put
an impact on the company but due to airways has been adopted the adhocracy culture this create
an smooth function of an organization. As any changes occurrence in the amrtket company can
easily adopted. Moreover, company focuses on the creating new things with their innovative
ideas in the market.
Market culture
Market culture define the profitability of the company. Every thing has been evaluated from the
bottom line, the objective of each position is to align with the company's goal. Moreover, the
several degree of separation occurred between employees and the leadership goal. This culture
can be evaluated as outward looking and the intentionally focused. Company is aware of what is
the position in the market. Customer and the supplier emphasis on the prioritizing of doing their
job in great way which can improve market position. Moreover, these type of organization are
generally more competitive. Employees desire to get the things done create the top position in
the market place. These type of organization is less responsive and forward-looking than the
other organization.
In the Airways can follow this structure to generate the profitability in the highly competitive
market. It is because the every is to be started from the bottom line in order to meet the
company's goal. Moreover, it focusses on the prioritizing the thing to make the thing great. If
company adopt this organization culture then it become easily to create a position in the market
place. It is because this is an outward looking and internally focus culture where all the market
dimensions are to be analysed and make the changes in the internal environment on the basis of
it.
There are different type of characteristic of organization culture which are collaboration,
friendly working environment, proper controlling doer the smooth functioning, easily adoption
of any changes which takes place in the dynamic environment. With the help of such
organization culture company can maintain their knowledge management practices. Likewise,
company provides friendly working environment where employees can share their knowledge,
ideas, leaning to meet the requirement of business objective. Every organization has complex
culture and unique personality. Moreoevr the characterstics of ajn oragnizationa are innovative
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which is risk oriented, attention to details is the precision oriented approach, emphasis on result,
emphasis on people, team work and aggressiveness, stability etc.
CONCLUSION
This report has analysed information communication technology helps the organization in
smooth functioning, cost reduction, work efficient etc. Moreover, HRM practices are also played
crucial role in the success of an organization. In addition to this, Cameron and Quinn model has
been analysed which helps to determine the organization culture in order to meet its objective.
ICT facilitate development in the organisation as it helps in reducing costs and promote
communication. ICT is also promoting urbanization which is important in today's century and
also helps in improving living standard of people. Internationalisation would involve explicit to
explicit, tacit to explicit socialisation, tacit to tacit combination a done explicit to explicit. All
these are the various types of internationalisation practices that is adopted by the business
venture. In process of ensuring all these approaches taken by the venture to process further the
internationalisation practice in the organisation. The various type of practices upload to execute
international transaction in business support the venture to execute all different functional aspect
of the internationalisation. The practice of internationalisation would further support the venture
to sustain a good control over the transaction as it will allow the venture to maximise the overall
support of the internationalisation practice hold by the venture. Further the whole practices and
different sement favour the venture to take on the competitive advantage in respect to execute
the internationalisation in the business.
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