This project presents a concept map created by a student, analyzing a case study of a 74-year-old patient, Mr. Paul Smith, experiencing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). The concept map details the aetiology of AKI, identifying risk factors such as heart failure and age-related changes. It explores the pathophysiology, including impaired kidney perfusion due to reduced renal blood flow, and the release of renin. The clinical manifestations like pitting oedema, heart palpitations, and decreased urine output are outlined, alongside diagnostic methods such as blood tests, ECG, and eGFR. The treatment section highlights the use of loop diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and monitoring fluid balance. The analysis draws on various medical references to support the understanding of AKI, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and management. The document provides a comprehensive overview of AKI, its causes, effects, and management strategies, making it a useful resource for nursing students or healthcare professionals studying this condition.
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