Strategic Management Report: Aldi's Business Strategies Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive strategic management analysis of Aldi, a German supermarket chain. It begins with an introduction to strategic management and its importance in achieving organizational goals. Task 1 explores Aldi's strategic approaches and plan formulation, particularly focusing on how the company maintains a balance in its operations, including the adoption of a lean working system to minimize waste and improve efficiency. Task 2 examines the influence of macro-environmental forces (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal) on Aldi and how the company manages and reacts to these forces. Task 3 delves into Aldi's strategic capabilities within Porter's Value Chain Model, while Task 4 analyzes the strategies Aldi utilizes, including Porter's Generic Strategies and the Ansoff Matrix, to achieve its objectives. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and provides a list of references.

Strategic Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Approaches and plan formulation adopted by Aldi for handle appropriate balance................................................3
Task 2..............................................................................................................................................6
Influenec of macro environment forces that organisation mange and how they react............................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
Aldi strategic ability adopted in Porter's Value Chain Model....................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
Strategies of Aldi while utilising Porter’s Generic as well as Ansoff Matrix.............................................................12
CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Strategic management is the process which contains planning and controlling of every
resource to obtain the organizational goals. it contains the formulation strategy for optimizing the
competitive advantage. This analysis of internal and external factors affects the performance of
the enterprises. This provides the right path to the organization. This also gives the advantage of
achieving the long term and short-term goal of the organization. This provides the direction to
the management which shows the clear mission and vision of the company. This leads to the
maximum utilization of the resources in order to perform effectively and efficiently. Now, in the
context of the company Aldi that is the German super market company founded in the year 1946.
The company provides the product that is affordable for the customers as well as contains the
good quality. This report contains various details about the strategy approaches adopted by Aldi.
This also suggests the different strategically plans to maintain the balance of the organization.
This report contains Approaches and plan formulation adopted by Aldi for handle appropriate
balance. This also provide Influence of macro environment forces that organisation mange and
how they react. It consist of strategy that is adopted by aldi in ansoff matrix as well as porters
value chainmodel.
TASK 1
Approaches and plan formulation adopted by Aldi for handle appropriate balance.
In Britain after the recession peoples have change their view of shopping. Peoples have
focused to minimize their expense while purchasing the products. Because they are facing
recession, Aldi started to manufacture the products according to the affordability of the peoples
in order to provide the good quality of the product. But the people of the Britain are thinking the
low-price product is not really good. In the past years the company is not able to target their
potential customers (Ambrosius, 2018). In order to changing the situation, the company
innovated the new strategies and various approaches to maintain the equal balance of the
organization. The company is really trying in order to improve the quality of their products with
affordable price. The organization is keep focusing to analyses the cost of the product in order to
improve their quality. This is the reason the company can achieve the success and improved its
performance in satisfying the needs of the customers. Customers always want to purchase the
products that contains good quality with low prices this will add value for the customers. Aldi

performing well in comparison to their competitors. Due to Aldi growing demand they capture
the attention of the customers and also build the brand loyalty of their products. The product has
the strategy to production cost is low but the quality is high. So, the company major focus to
control the cost.
For maintaining the cost and balance of the operations Aldi focused on the strategy approach
that is related to the lean working system. This is well known strategy for minimizing the cost of
the operations. This is very effective strategy for less investment and more profit of the
organization. This will introduce appropriate balance in operation while adopting these strategy
Lean working system- The lean working system which minimize the waste into the
operations or produce the products without affecting productivity of the Aldi.
Consumers always need the product that is valuable for them in comparison to the price
of the product. With the help of management of lean working system, this helps to
eliminate the waste material that is not helpful for the enterprise anymore. This method
provides continuous improvement, waste elimination, and helps to maintain the relations
with the suppliers and distributors (Agwu, 2018). There are three major types of waste
that includes the leans working system that is as following: Mura, muri, and Muda. Mura
waste occurs because there is the change in demand of the products. Due to the reason
customers are filing complaint against the product or adding the new product line in the
existing products. In muri waste, this is related to the resource allocation. When the lots
of people doing a single task, and left the task without completing the task. This is non
valuable product that will be added into the resources. Although, lean working system
eliminates all of the waste and helps to maximize the value of the products. The balance
operating cost, productivity and profitability of the company is properly get managed by
applying the lean working system within the Aldi. The following elements help to
maintains the balance within the organization.
Continuous improvement- Employee if regular involves in the activities to improve the
quality of the products (Artikis., 2017). This helps in the survival of the Aldi for many
years. Aldi works in the invisible way that describes and initiates the improvement
strategies for maintain balance.

Just in time- Aldi innovated just in time for the production strategy. In this strategy
company maintains that is needed in stock as per the demand because of the cost of the
products. But also, this takes lots of time. This is the negative side of the strategy.
Time based management- To reducing time in the operations; employee must be talented
and can perform in the various ways. Aldi also provide training for the employees for
their growth and development. Time management will increase the efficiency and reduce
the cost.
Total quality management- Total quality management helps to build the bonds in between
their suppliers. This provides the random improvements. This mainly determines to
provide the quality of the products and helps to satisfy the customer needs. There is
some suggestion that ALDI should apply to achieve the profit and reduce the cost of the
operations in future aspects ( Barney, 2017). The Aldi should focus on the development
and the production of the marketing strategies. Moreover, also these strategies the
company need to make changes in store layout that is the reason this will attract more
and more potential customers.
Cost leadership- Aldi should focus on the control cost of the product as well as services and
provides the product that is of the low price in comparison to their competitors. With the
help of this strategy they will become the leaders of the market and no other company
will take place of Aldi. This will help in achieving the economics of scales. By adapting
various approaches, they are providing the low-cost product with high quality due to this
reason it maximizes the demand of the product. This will help to hire skilful employee in
the organization.
Differentiation strategy- This will use for maintaining the balance of the operation and
adopt this differentiation strategy. through this strategy they can implement the new
product line like books, newspaper, magazines, fruits and vegetables. They can also
produce the various products and plan to open the new layout in the new area of market
(Bonelli, 2017). This will help to achieve the competitive advantage by implementing
the new product line.
Store layout- These retail stores is not properly maintained and structured. It seems very
messy and messed up. This store needs to improve itself in a proper manner. There is a
need to provide space between each product line. So, the customers will feel comfortable

while shopping the products. This will help to maximize the profit and gain the customer
satisfaction. This would beneficial for the company while working in the stores as this
will beneficial for the company growth and development and from the various market
aspects. Because if this store layout is good the customer is gettingattracted towards it
and prefer to buy the products from the stores again and again, this will generate regular
profit for the company.
Task 2
Influence of macro environment forces that organisation mange and how they react.
The forces of macro environment are combines of external components that are non
avoidable or control by the management and company. These forces impact on wide section
of economy. It consists of various elements such as social, political, legal, economical,
environmental and technological. It involves inflation, deflation, fiscal, monetary, GDP of
economy. It is attached with the span of business cycle that impact or influence efficiency
and profit of the Aldi entity (Bell, and et. al., 2018). Here are the following macro
environmental forces that influence performance of Aldi entity.
Political Factor- With emergent increase in terrorism at the countries of UK,
government gets on high alert for the safety of people. As a result government bodies govern
laws and guidelines. These legislation impacts majorly on the business activity of Aldi
entity. Aldi practice its business process as per the legislation framed by the government.
Government bodies imposed huge amount of fine if Aldi will not practice these laws in its
operations (Hitt, 2017). This will leads towards loss in profit creation and decrease in the
brand value of the enterprise. Government raise its tax regime which that impact the profits
Aldi. As result they enhance its commodities price. These changes cannot be controlled or
avoid by enterprise. Organisation also influence through national salary framework of the
workforce. The government bodies increase structure of salary system that burden on cost of
enterprise.
Economical Factor- The strategies of Aldi has influenced because of economic
recession. Consumers change its purchasing behaviour pattern and degrade the budget of
shopping. After that people prefer to buy only daily essential items. Aldi has to manage its

price range to cope with competition. Most of the organisation develop huge amount of
commodity range. But to manage cost of operations they introduce commodity of only small
rage. The competitors of Aldi also deliver low price of commodity to potential consumer.
Social Factor- It is one common myth in the mind of Britain consumer that commodity
of lesser price will deliver at lesser quality level. Aldi try hard to change this concept. As
Britain consumer not easily change its mindset towards commodity (Emeagwali, 2017).
They found difficulties in transforming mindset of people that organisation deliver high
level of commodity at affordable or low price.
Technological Factor- Advanced technology impact whole business cycle of enterprise.
The competitors of company adopted upgraded technology such as digital services, credit,
ATM card and several innovative software (Strategic management, 2020). Aldi faces
challenges in technology disadvantage as they are not capable enough to deliver these types
of facilities to target audience. These technology advancement can enhance shopping
purchasing habit if Aldi adopted these technology factor. The technology forces influence
cost of operations of Aldi. As a result the growth rate of company goes down.
Environmental Factor- The Aldi is much aware of these environmental forces. Entity is
exploiting environment resources hence it is their responsibility to maintain sustainable
economic growth of country. Aldi has to deliver valuable concept to the consumer
(Makadok, 2018). They have to facilitate in the business practices that no harmful waste
should delivered in its business process. Resources of environment are hard to found so Aldi
have to utilise appropriate usage of resources to ensure safety and security of environmental
issues.
Legal Factor- Aldi import large amount of commodities from one part of country to
another. So they have to tackle lots of hurdles in legal forces. Entity has to practice all the
guidelines and legislation of food industry, Aldi has to adopt all licensing polices in its
business process. As per guidelines they implement its food practices. This is essential to
follow all rules as per government laws because influence brand name of enterprise.
Aldi enterprise adopted several strategies to tackle Problems of macro environment. By
adopting strategies they successfully gain competitive benefit and develop profits of
company. The rule of government is strictly followed by company in its business life cycle
to show some effective reaction towards political forces. After enhancement in tax regime,

they deliver low commodity price range to gain competitive benefit. The enterprise deliver
innovative concept to its workforce. For increasing employee satisfaction they enhance the
level of salary which is essential for survival (Finkle and Katragadda, 2017). Organisation
competitors degrade the price of commodity in economical drivers. That causes loss in
competitive benefit of entity. To manage several issues company try to modify and brings
creativity in goods formation. In respect of social forces company try to transform mindset
of the people by delivering high level of commodity at low level of price. In respect of
technology Factor Company have to ensure features like digital platform, debit, credit etc. It
causes major loss in competitive benefit but on the other hand this act as leading strategy of
entity to save its cost. Organisation is much aware of economic forces by implementing the
strategy of Social Responsibility. Company implement all legislation and laws to practice
UK government guidelines. This facilitates appropriate flow of operations.
Affect of macro- and competitive environmental factors of Aldi that shows the company’s
future strategy
The company Aldi is facing, major problems due to political and environmental factors,
although they are performing good and get advantages in economic and social aspects. By the
use of technology or doing up gradation, the company target more potential customer in UK and
also in the different parts of the country. For the growth and development, they are focused to
work on the environmental and political factors (Greenwoodand Hinings., 2017). Future strategy
can nurture the relation with government bodies and do all practices according to the guidelines
of the government. The company have to take the entire license for the authorization of the
product. Due to improving the relation also they can improve their profitability and the
competitive advantage and defeat their competitors. The company also do the CSR activities and
concern about the environment for improving their business. The company also giving the
importance to their employees because they can increase their production in operations. By
enhancing more opportunities, they are upgrading the society culture and the experience. These
things benefit in making more customers and do focus on doing more sales in their operations.
The company is doing the optimum utilization of the eco friendly resources that will develop the
image of brand in minds of the customers and influence for purchasing the products of the Aldi.

TASK 3
Aldi strategic ability adopted in Porter's Value Chain Model.
The methodology of porter’s value chain model is adopted by the organisation to deliver
innovative value to its target audience. This chain aid in modifying several functions and how
organisation maintains relationship with its target audience. This model helps in identifying cost
and profit of company (Grünigand Kühn, 2018). Through this organisation can easily found out
innovative and valuable source. The porter’s value chain model consists of two components that
is primary and support. Aldi enterprise execute five component of primary are as follows-
Inbound logistics- Aldi combines of several activities like acquire, stock etc. it also
involves warehouse that store commodities and raw material, transform goods information in
digital way. Aldi depend on the outsource entity for handling its inbound logistic to improves
consumer base. This strategy is most effective fir increasing profit level.
Operations- It combines several activities that help Aldi in transforming goods into final
commodity. They adopted costumer information in its promotion that depend on target audience,
goods for developing commodities. This will help Aldi in maintaining strong bond with target
audience through effective operation strategy.
Outbound logistics- Aldi adopted strategies to transform final commodity to distribution
system and target audience. It involves several activities like warehousing, chain of supply to
final channel from wholesaler to the channel of retailer. This strategy improve performance of
company.
Marketing and sales- Aldi involves several activities such as advertisement,
promotions, modes of distribution system, strategy formulation price range, workforce
management in sales team etc (Kattoua. and Al-Lozi., 2018). Organisation executes these
activities for maintaining brand image in the perception of target audience so that they will buy
commodities of company.

Services- It combines several activities so that it delivers efficiently its commodity to
target audience along with after sales services. It consists of installation of commodities,
maintain sales target record etc.
The support activities of Aldi help its primary activities of organisation. It combines of
four categories. These activities support and manage primary activities
Firm infrastructure- Firm infrastructure aids as supporting activities in the
organisation. It consist of finance, accounting, planning, workforce management, legal activities
etc. It integrate and assist whole value chain with the enhancement of scope. It fragmented whole
enterprise through competitive market environment of Aldi (Khashei and Asady., 2019). For
example finance, planning system manage activities at corporate structure. On the other hand
legal, quality and accounting system manage business structure.
Human resource management- The department of human resource is essential for
efficiency in business process. It includes several support activities like compensation, perks,
recruitment, selection, training for the development of employee at each stage of enterprise. In
Aldi human resource has great influence and accomplished competitive benefit by appointing
qualified workforce (Meyer, 2017). They also provide appropriate training to enhance skills. It
aims towards upgrading productivity and accomplishment of entity objective.
Technology development- In competitive world, technology up graduation in necessary
in the operations of business. It is one of the strategy of entity to develop compensative
advantage. The department of technology in company consist of adopting advance technology,
designing, inspection of research field, process engineering etc. it support Aldi to defeat its
competitors (Kohtamäki. and Farmer, 2017). By adopting technology advancement it Aldi can
eliminate its process cost and enhance target audience of company. It generates overall
development of Aldi.
Procurement activities- This department consist the activities that utilise inputs to
enhance chain value of Aldi company. It involves raw commodity, supply, equipment, stock etc.
This ensure efficiency in procurement of business process. This integrate upgrading efficiency of
enterprise and measure each employee performance in achieving goal of enterprise.
There are several activities that act as a linkages in value chain of Aldi to enhance
performance of company. As compare to the performance of Aldi there is clear sign of decrease
in sale and its market. This is one of the negative sign in its value chain. They have to enhance

its sales by degrading price range of commodity. They can adopt strategy by expanding its
business in other market share so that they can achieve greater profitability. The department of
technology have to ensure continuously up gradation in technology (Newburry, 2019). The
department of human resource is doing good by appointing skilled and qualified workforce so
that they can achieve greater value in the Operations (McAdam., Miller and McSorley., 2019).
Sales and marketing department are implementing effectively with productive advertisement,
promotions to pull wide consumer base in the industry. It also identify that company resources
can achieve competitive benefit or not.
Vrio Model- Aldi adopted VRIO model for obtaining competitive benefit in the
industry. With the help of this model they evaluate internal strength and weakness of
organisation. This model consist of following valuable, rare, imitable, organisation. It facilitate
in the development of organisation to improves success of company in more efficient way.
Valuable- Optimum Finance resource are competitively high in the industry as they are
rarely found in the market. Company spend in external possibility that help in defeating external
forces. Aldi delivering differentiate commodity and develop local commodities which are
valuable as compare to other competitors. It facilitate in competitive benefit and pull target
audience. Staff and employee are valuable resources as organisation appoint highly qualified
employee for company progress. It integrate productive value for company progress. Company
has patents rights on its valuable resources are they are hardly found. The cost framework of
company does not furnish any type of value because company is using outdated technology in its
business process. The cost in research is at very high level but gives less advantage to the
company and failed to deliver productive solution to business. The research does not deliver any
valuable facts to entity.
Rare- Aldi has patents rights that have greater value. This can not be easily traced by its
competitors as these are not addressable any ware so this act as rare. Aldi distribution channel is
very efficient and rarely found any ware (Mehdikhani. and Valmohammadi, 2019). Other
competitors of market have to spend wide amount to defeat them. Local food can easily copied
by its competitors as these are non rare to the entity.
Imitable- The resource of finance are costly to copy by their competitors. These are
identical and can not easily reproduce. Employee of Aldi is easy to copy as they are not costly
resources. Competitors can easily appoint their qualified workforce by paying high package

salary. Where as patent and distribution channel are costly to copy as these are not addressable
by other company. Local commodity are not costly to copy by their competitors. There
competitors can also spend huge amount in research department to compete with the company.
Organisation- Aldi patent rights does not framed in adequate manner. They are not
appropriately organised. That is why Aldi cannot properly exploiting its full capability. Company
does not suitable exploit its valuable and productive resources. Whereas financial and
distribution system are well farmed in organised way. These resources help in handling
competitive benefit.
According to the Model of VIRO, financial resource deliver sustainable benefit to the
Aldi. Same as with distribution system it aids in achieving goal of Aldi. On the other hand patent
right are non usable resources of enterprise (Vitolla, 2017). They utilise employee and workforce
as a temporary benefit. The research department and cost of Aldi integrate competitive
disadvantage by developing more productive solution of business problem.
TASK 4
Strategies of Aldi while utilising Porter’s Generic as well as Ansoff Matrix
Ansoff Matrix- This methodology aids in strategy formulation and improves future
growth rate of enterprise. It consist of penetration, development of market as well as product
development and diversification.
 Market Penetration- By adopting market penetration organisation sell commodities of
company in current market. It help company in identifying new consumer base or current
one within existing market (Priem, 2018). They adopt several techniques like drop down
the price rate, evaluate current product, adoption of intensive promotional strategies and
distribution system. The competitors of Aldi are much high so they need to focus upon
market penetration because this will raise chance selling existing goods in current
competitive market. For this Aldi can reduce the price drop of commodity.
 Market Development- It involves those strategies through which company can tap
exclusive market with existing product. They aims towards targeting unusable parts of
country for expanding international market. Aldi must focus upon market development as
most of country does not have that much product offerings in their domestic market so
they can easily expand their market in exclusive segment.

 Product Development- Aldi Adopting product development strategy they can achieve
wide market share by providing innovative and new featured product. They spend in
research to produce exclusive product through restructuring strategy. This will help Aldi
to compete with its competitors.
 Diversification- This is risky level for the that is developing new commodity at new
parts of market share as there is less chance of growth and sustainability in moving new
market with new innovative product. Aldi have to ensure feasibility before introducing
new product in exclusive market.
Porter’s Generic- Through this strategy company accomplished its competitive benefit
by identifying scope and source. This strategy consists of cost focus, leadership, differentiation
and differentiation focus.
 Cost leadership- Aldi aim towards low cost strategy in manufacture to reduce unusable
cost. Company spend in advanced technology to reduce cost and enhance productivity to
brings optimum utilisation. Through this strategy Adli target more potential consumer as
they are providing goods at very low cost from competitors.
 Differentiation- Through this strategy Aldi can involves innovative features in company
commodity to pull costumer base (Strategies of Strategic management, 2021). It deliver
high quality of product with differentiation through intensive promotional activities. This
will develop their strong base from other competitors.
 Cost focus- With the help of this strategy Aldi provides low level of cost benefit in
small market. Example- affordable goods in small segment and high level of commodity
to target premium consumer. This will enhance the level of profitability in business of
Aldi.
 Differentiation focus- Aldi deliver differentiate commodity in small segment. It is
adopted by Aldi in niche industry. This facilitate invention of new commodity at high
level of price in the niche market.
It is define that adopting porter and Ansoff they want to expand their market. They
develop innovative commodity to defeat and face strong competition. Mainly company adopted
cost leadership plan of action to deliver quality commodity at affordable price. They
continuously keep on modifying strategy formulation. They are increasing its share market by

adopting strategy of product and market development. This will leads towards innovative
commodity with differentiate feature (Tenhiälä and Laamanen, 2018). It will improves consumer
experience and generate more revenue in the company.
Aldi is utilising several Approach in internationalisation- Company successful
expanding its international presence across the globe. They are efficiently delivering retail
industry. They introducing its product in foreign sector to accomplish long term profit. Company
want to established its brand name in other foreign countries like Australia, Belgium etc.
currently they are executing international business across 20 countries. They develop
multinational branch at several countries. They implement discounter's strategy for the survival
of company in long run. Market development is not suitable strategy for expanding
internationally.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been concluded that company are more conscious about
growth and success to accomplished long term goal. For evaluating this research company
analysis micro and macro environment to remove threats and weakness of enterprise. After that6
company adopted VRIO and Ansoff matrix for gaining competitive benefit within organisation.
By adopting these model company can enhance its market growth rate and productivity. It will
create overall development of enterprise while introducing new product range with innovative
featured. This will deliver optimum services to the target audience and identify growth
opportunity of company in several segments.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Agwu, P.E., 2018. Analysis of the impact of strategic management on the business performance
of SMEs in Nigeria.Academy of Strategic Management,17(1).
Ambrosius, J., 2018. Strategic talent management in emerging markets and its impact on
employee retention: Evidence from Brazilian MNCs. Thunderbird International
Business Review. 60(1). pp.53-68.
Artikis, P.T., 2017. Discrete stochastic models and global information risk treatment operations
in strategic processes. Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and
Cryptography. 20(2). pp.477-491.
Barney, J.B., 2017. Resources, capabilities, core competencies, invisible assets, and knowledge
assets: Label proliferation and theory development in the field of strategic
management.The SMS Blackwell handbook of organizational capabilities.pp.422-426.
Bell.R. And et. al. 2018. From the guest editors: Opportunities and challenges for advancing
strategic management education.
Bonelli, M., 2017. Leadership Within Strategic Management: Measuring Corporate Equity
Value Using Igor Ansoff's Strategic Posture Analysis (Doctoral dissertation, Alliant
International University).
Emeagwali, L. ed., 2017. Corporate governance and strategic decision making. BoD–Books on
Demand.
Finkle, T.A. and Katragadda, M., 2017. An Examination of Faculty Salaries between the Fields
of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Business and
Entrepreneurship, 28(2), pp.82-126.
Greenwood, R. and Hinings, C.R., 2017. Understanding strategic change: The contribution of
archetypes. Academy of management Journal.
Grünig, R. and Kühn, R., 2018. Strategic Planning. The International Encyclopedia of Strategic
Communication. pp.1-11.
Hitt, M. and Duane Ireland, R., 2017. The intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic
management research.The Blackwell handbook of entrepreneurship.pp.45-63.
Kattoua, T. and Al-Lozi, M., 2018. The Effect of Strategic Management of Regulatory Factors
on Administrative Decision: An Analytical Study on Jordanian Phosphate
Company. Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS). 7(4). pp.303-335.
Khashei, V. and Asady, R., 2019. Designing a model of Strategic Control in Internet-based
Startups. Journal of strategic Management Studies. 10(37). pp.125-139.
Kohtamäki, M. and Farmer, D., 2017. Strategic Agility—Integrating Business Intelligence with
Strategy. In Real-time Strategy and Business Intelligence (pp. 11-36). Palgrave
Macmillan, Cham.
Makadok, R., Burton, R. and Barney, J., 2018. A practical guide for making theory contributions
in strategic management.
McAdam, R., Miller, K. and McSorley, C., 2019. Towards a contingency theory perspective of
quality management in enabling strategic alignment. International Journal of Production
Economics. 207. pp.195-209.
Mehdikhani, R. and Valmohammadi, C., 2019. Strategic collaboration and sustainable supply
chain management. Journal of Enterprise Information Management.

Meyer, G.D., Neck, H.M. and Meeks, M.D., 2017. The entrepreneurship‐strategic management
interface.Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset.pp.17-44.
Newburry, W., Deephouse, D.L. and Gardberg, N.A., 2019. Global aspects of reputation and
strategic management.Research in Global Strategic Management,18.pp.1-20.
Priem, R.L., 2018. Toward becoming a complete teacher of strategic management.Academy of
Management Learning & Education,17(3).pp.374-388.
Tenhiälä, A. and Laamanen, T., 2018. Right on the money? The contingent effects of strategic
orientation and pay system design on firm performance. Strategic Management Journal.
39(13).pp.3408-3433.
Vitolla, F., Rubino, M. and Garzoni, A., 2017. The integration of CSR into strategic
management: a dynamic approach based on social management philosophy.Corporate
Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society.
ONLINE
Strategic management, 2021. [online available] through <
https://searchcio.techtarget.com/definition/strategic-management >
Strategies of Strategic management, 2021.[online available] through <
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/evaluate-strategic-management-69102.html >