This essay provides a comprehensive overview of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder affecting neurons in the brain. It delves into the pathophysiology of AD, highlighting the roles of amyloid precursor protein (APP), amyloid beta protein, and tau protein in the development of the disease. The essay discusses various treatment approaches, including the use of drugs like donepezil, memantine, and galantamine. It specifically examines the mechanism of galantamine, including its effectiveness in animal models using the 5XFAD mice model. The essay also explores the role of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists in managing AD symptoms and slowing down the progression of neural degeneration. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of the disease on cognitive functions and the potential for restoring cognition deficits. The essay concludes by summarizing the current understanding of AD and the therapeutic strategies employed to address this complex condition.