HRM Challenges: Analyzing Amazon's Domestic and International HRM

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the key differences between Human Resource Management (HRM) challenges faced by companies at domestic and international levels, with a specific focus on Amazon. The introduction highlights the importance of HRM in achieving organizational goals, particularly in recruitment, employee satisfaction, and performance. The literature review explores various themes, including domestic HRM challenges, international HRM challenges, and the differences between the two. The research methodology section outlines the exploratory research design, data collection methods (combining primary and secondary data through questionnaires), and qualitative research approach. The report aims to determine the different HRM challenges at both domestic and international levels, evaluate the challenges faced by Amazon, compare these challenges, and formulate strategies for overcoming them. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing challenges related to managing a culturally diverse workforce and navigating issues like employee motivation, engagement, and retention within a global context. The report also includes a timetable and references to support the research findings.

Key difference between HRM
challenges faced at domestic
as well as international level
through an analysis of
Amazon

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................4
Theme 1 HRM challenges faced by company at domestic level.................................................4
Theme 2 Different challenges faced by Amazon company at international level.......................5
Theme 3 HRM are different in the domestic and international level..........................................5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................6
Research design...........................................................................................................................6
Data Collection............................................................................................................................6
Research type...............................................................................................................................6
Research Approach......................................................................................................................7
Research philosophy....................................................................................................................7
Sampling......................................................................................................................................8
Data Analysis...............................................................................................................................8
Ethical Considerations.................................................................................................................8
TIMETABLE...................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Human resources management is the integrated system in organization with systems,
policies and management practices for recruitment, develop and retaining up employees helping
out to meet up organizational goals (Mendy, 2018). HRM plays up an important role in ensuring
the employee satisfaction and improvements in performance and productivity. the main
objective of this departments in company is to drastically drive out organizational productivity
by ensuring up the competent employees and remains up to dates taking up proper training
initiatives. This have general aim for driving up the business in successful manner giving out
business performances by recruiting, developing, and retaining the best talent in the market to
give the organization a competitive advantage.
HRM is facing major level of challenges in company development activities in the different
sector such as recruitments and selection, emotional and physical stability of employees, to
maintain up the balance between management and employees along with several issues such as
training, developments, compensation and performance appraisal (Ngozwana, 2018).
HRM have identified the major level of challenges differentiating between both domestic
and international level. HR have the believes that the set of regulation and rules in the domestic
HRM tends to be minimal where as in the international business the rules and policy are
numerous in manner giving up attention to the personal life (Papachristos, 2018). Domestic
HRM are not looking up in attentions to personal life where as the international one is highlining
a lot of concern to personal life.
Company overview
The Amazon company is founded by American Technology entrepreneur Jeff Bezos in year
1994 in united states. Company is operating in various countries around the world such as China,
India, Japan, France, Singapore, Italy, Germany, UK, Spain, Netherlands, Canada, Mexico,
Brazil and Australia (Shahar and et.al., 2019). Amazon company is facing the cut throat
competition all over countries due to various local competitors. HRM is important aspect is
business operation as Amazon is operating in different nations by adopting several practices
related to ethical and responsible management have increased on different company operation.
The company is facing up higher turnovers leading to disengagements and higher turnover ratio.
Aim
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To explore the key difference between HRM challenges faced at domestic as well as
international level- A case study of Amazon.
Objective
 To determine the different HRM challenges faced by company at domestic level.
 To evaluate the different HRM challenges faced by Amazon at international level.
 To compare challenges of HRM between domestic and international level
 To formulate different strategies for overcoming HRM challenges in Amazon.
Research questions
 What are the different challenges faced by Amazon company at domestic level?
 What are the different challenges faced by Amazon company at international level?
 How HRM are different in the domestic and international level?
 Recommend different strategies for overcoming HRM challenges in Amazon?
Rationale
It is important for HRM to focus upon overcoming these challenges in a proper and effective
manner because of these challenges are faced by human resource department in terms of
management of culturally diverse workforce (Shahar and et.al., 2019). I have developed a keen
interest to look into the global organization. there are various issues such as employees and
management, managing culturally diverse employees, motivating and enhancing satisfaction
level of employees and many more. This research will be helping me out to get into progressive
growth in personal and professional development.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theme 1 HRM challenges faced by company at domestic level.
As per the view of Noethen, and Alcazar, (2019), HR professional is successful in playing
up vital roles in acquiring, preparing and maintaining up the human resources function are
looking to have the proactive and creative responses in way of holding better position in the
human resources meeting up the various challenges faced by organization. On the other hand, the
Horwitz, (2017), contradicted the statements as HRM have involved in the management of
employees only in one country only thinking up as process such as the hiring people, retaining
and negotiating salary in performance management. The author supported the statement as HRM
departments does not deal with the major cultural differences as most of the majority employee
have belonging to same social community. In addition to that’s their domestic HRM have the
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responsibility over providing job satisfaction and self-actualization as well as maintaining cordial
relations between the management and the employees. The challenges faced by the domestic
HRM is regarding recruiting up new talents for variety of reason such as the increase in scope of
projects and operations.
Theme 2 Different challenges faced by Amazon company at international level
As per the view of Sekiguchi, Froese and Iguchi, (2016), international human resource
management of the employees have to look into different three categories such as the parent
country, host country and the third country. The author supported the statements that’s IHRM
playing up the keen roles for achievement of balance between the need for control and
coordination between the foreign subsidiaries needed to adapt up the local environments. On the
other hand, the Caligiuri and et.al., (2020), globalization have bring up a high level of
complexity and challenges in human resource management for managing over newer forms of
network organization. IHRM is considered to be more complex which is leading up the major
differences between HRM and IHRM. The author supported the statements as HR manager of
IHRM are facing up major responsibility to look up into the issue for employee who have
belonginess to more than one nationality and consequently facing up challenges to handle takes
in different countries where employee is working. According to the Oppong, (2018) contradicted
the statements as, international companies’ expansion is facing up challenges with lots of risk
factors such as terrorism in today’s time. IHRM is therefore loaded with the additional
responsibility of the health and safety of the employee. In addition, the author sated as contingent
workforces and demand of expert employee creating major concern in HR department to
maintain proper balance between employee and company demand in perfect manner.
Theme 3 HRM are different in the domestic and international level
According to the Froese and Iguchi, (2016), IHRM have to make there overcoming of
multicultural cultural differences in manner to run the local subsidiaries of parents’ company. It
is the broader ranges of the perspectives looking in more purpose manner as comparative to
domestic departments of human resource management. On the other hand, the Caligiuri and
et.al., (2020), contradicted the statement as domestic HR departments is narrow perspective
which is looking at domestic issues only. In addition, the author stated as IHRM is paying up the
continuous focus on monitoring all the employees belonging to different countries hosting up of
different duties meet out foreign country. The author supported the statements as IHRM are
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directly involved in the personal lives of the employees than the local HRM department. HRM
and IHRM are totally different from each other the form one has proper involvement in broader
range of perspectives that domestic department of HRM.
As per the view of Noethen, and Alcazar, (2019), interaction HRM have been different from
there those of domestic activities. This can be characterised as high level of HR activities
inclusions, need for the broader perspectives along with the involvement of employee’s personal
lives, high emphasis on change of employee mix, high exposure risk and major external
influences in better manner.
On the other hand, Sekiguchi, Froese and Iguchi, (2016) have contradicted as there are more
mare varsity of HR activities in IHRM as comparative to domestic HRM. For example, IHRM
have to provide employee additional training to enable them for adjusting in new business
environment along with proper skill development performing up the job in effective manner. In
addition, the Froese and Iguchi, (2016) supported the statement as IHRM have need for broader
perspectives considering major factor in decision making. This can be such as fixing up for the
compensation packages at international level. For this HR managers have to take into account he
cost of living in different internationals locations.
According to view, Caligiuri and et.al., (2020) have stated as IHTRM look into more
personal lives of employees to place them properly on international locations. There is lack of
major familiarity with number of factors such as health care practices, meeting of legal
requirements of host country, etc. On the other hand, the Sekiguchi, Froese and Iguchi, (2016),
contradicted statement HR manager of IHRM are facing up major responsibility to look up into
the issue for employee who have belonginess to more than one nationality and consequently
facing up challenges to handle takes in different countries where employee is working.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
It is a kind of a strategy which is selected by research for analysis research components in
a logical and coherent manner so that main research questions can be achieved in a proper and
effective manner (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone, 2018). There are various
kinds of research design and each of them are used in different manner for different kinds of
research papers. Three main types of research design are: exploratory, descriptive and
conclusive. As the name suggest exploratory research design is used for exploring all the aspects
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and elements of research area for achieving main aim and objectives of research paper in an
accurate manner. Descriptive method is used for identification of current stage of all the research
variables. Whereas, in casual design cause and effective relationship is studied and maintained.
For this research, exploratory research design will be selected as it will help the researcher in
exploring all the major aspects of research an d achieve pre-defined research objectives.
Data Collection
It is one of the most important part of a research that focuses upon collection of require,
important, relevant and reliable information for achievement of main research objective. There
are two types of data that are collected by researcher that are primary and secondary (Snyder,
2019). In primary data, research focuses upon collecting data themselves for the first time though
interview, questionnaire, survey, observation etc. Whereas, in secondary data, research focuses
upon collecting already published secondary data from different sources like books, journals,
articles, newspapers, online portals and many more. For this research combination of both the
methods will be done. Secondary data will be used for developing a base of the research and
getting more clarity about previous research done in this area of research. Whereas primary data
will be collected with the help of questionnaire so that HRM challenges faced by Amazon at both
domestic and global level can be identified.
Research type
Research type is important to be identified because it helps in resolving research problem
in an appropriate manner. There are two main types of research types that are: qualitative and
quantitative (Ngozwana, 2018). Quantitative is a type of research in which numerical data is
collected and is analysing using statistical or mathematical methods only. Whereas in qualitative
non numerical data is collected and analysed theoretically using frameworks and methods that do
not include any kind of mathematical methods. It is important to select appropriate and effective
research type so that desired aim and objectives can be achieved in a proper manner. As this
research is exploratory in nature so in this qualitative research will be collected by the researcher.
Research Approach
It is a kind of action set that help researcher in resolving m ain research problem in a
systematic manner. It further helps in testing validity of all the assumptions that contribute in
generation of emerging theories and generalization for resolving main research problem. There
are two main types of research approaches that are mostly used within a research project
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(Taherdoost, 2016). First is inductive and second is deductive approach. Inductive approach
majorly focuses upon implementation of a new theory at the end of research process as a result
of observation. It is mostly used within qualitative research. Whereas, deductive research
approach is used for testing an existing theory for testing developed hypothesis. It is mostly used
within quantitative research. For this research, researcher will be using inductive approach as it is
a qualitative research. In this common themes and patterns will be identified so that main
research questions can be answered in an appropriate manner.
Research philosophy
It is a kind of a framework that helps in identifying ways in which data about a
phenomenon can be gathered and analysed. It helps the researcher in identifying primary and
secondary data collection method which is required to be chosen and are appropriate for a
research (Shahar and et.al., 2019). There are two main types of research philosophies that are
interpretivism and positivism. Positivism research philosophy is mostly used when researcher
believes that society shapes an individual or it can also be said that in this factual knowledge is
gained thorough observation. It is mostly used with quantitative research. Whereas,
interpretivism philosophy is completely based upon facts. It helps in identifying specific role of
researcher in the society or in this social world. It is mostly used in qualitative research. It further
helps in interpreting research elements for integrating human interest in study. For this research,
researcher will be focusing upon interpretivism research philosophy as it is a qualitative research
type.
Sampling
It is another one of the most important method which is required to be selected by the
researcher for selecting people from a population who will be participating within research for
collection of primary data. It helps in making a research project simple, easier to be managed
(Papachristos, 2018). It further helps in saving both time and cost of the researcher and makes a
project manageable. It is mostly used for research paper in which primary data is required to be
collected. For this research, simple random sampling method will be used for selection of 20
employees working in Amazon Company in which all the participants will be asked to
participate in a survey and fill questionnaire. This will help in exploring difference between
HRM challenges faced at domestic and international level.
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Data Analysis
Data analysis can be defined as a process though which data collected is inspected,
processed, cleaned, transformed and modelled in order to identify or discover useful and
important information for answering research questions and reaching to conclusion. It is
extremely important to use an appropriate analysis method so that required important
information can be extracted (Papachristos, 2018). There are two main types of data analysis
methods: Thematic and statistical data analysis methods. Thematic data analysis method is an
analysis method which is mostly used for analysing qualitative data by identifying common
themes or patterns that come up in collected data repeatedly. It can be used for analysis of both
primary and secondary qualitative data. Whereas, statistical data analysis is a method which is
used for analysing numeric data by performing different kinds of statistical operations for
reaching to conclusion and testing identified hypothesis. In this method charts, graphs are drawn
for analysing numerical data. It is mostly used in quantitative research papers. For this research,
researcher will be using thematic data analysis method as it is one of the most suitable and
appropriate method for analysing non-numeric data.
Ethical Considerations
Another one of the most important part of a research is adhering ethical considerations. It
is one of the most important part of a research which is required to be focused upon by
researcher. Some of the most important ethical considerations that will be adhered by researcher
are as follows:
 Informed consent of all the participants will be taken for taking part in research. Before
asking for an informed consent main aim and objectives of the research will be explained and
main reason behind conducting this research will be explained to them. If any of them want
to back out or do not want to participate within study then they will not be forced to
participate (Papachristos, 2018). None of them will be forced to provide their point of view
and if they do not want to answer any particular question of questionnaire then they will not
be forced to answer that question. All the sources from where secondary data will be
collected will be attached in the reference list at the end of the research.
TIMETABLE
It is extremely important to develop a project timeline in order to identify time required
for completion of a particular task in a proper and appropriate manner. Timeline helps in
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segregating project into sub task and set milestones within which sub task are required to be
completed. In order to complete this project proposal 5 weeks’ time period is required.
1st Week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week
Title selection
Introduction
Aim and
objectives
Literature
review
Research
methodology
Proposal
Submission
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Mendy, J., 2018. Key HRM challenges and benefits: The contributions of the HR scaffolding.
In Teaching human resources and organizational behavior at the college level (pp. 1-
24). IGI Global.
Ngozwana, N., 2018. Ethical Dilemmas in Qualitative Research Methodology: Researcher's
Reflections. International Journal of Educational Methodology. 4(1). pp.19-28.
Papachristos, G., 2018. A mechanism based transition research methodology: Bridging analytical
approaches. Futures. 98. pp.57-71.
Shahar, S.M., and et.al., 2019, September. Research Methodology Trending in Evolutionary
Computing. In International Conference on Computational Collective Intelligence (pp.
474-485). Springer, Cham.
Snyder, H., 2019. Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and
guidelines. Journal of Business Research. 104. pp.333-339.
Taherdoost, H., 2016. Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling
technique for research. How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research (April 10,
2016).
Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J.D.O. and Leone, C., 2018. Research methodology
topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development. 28(3).
pp.356-360.
Noethen, D. and Alcazar, R., 2019, July. Challenges of conducting experimental research in
IHRM: review and recommendations for expatriation. In Academy of Management
Proceedings (Vol. 2019, No. 1, p. 12357). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of
Management.
Horwitz, F., 2017. International HRM in South African multinational companies. Journal of
International Management, 23(2), pp.208-222.
Sekiguchi, T., Froese, F.J. and Iguchi, C., 2016. International human resource management of
Japanese multinational corporations: Challenges and future directions. Asian Business
& Management, 15(2). pp.83-109.
Caligiuri, P and et.al., 2020. International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19
pandemic: Implications for future research and practice. Journal of International
Business Studies, p.1.
Oppong, N.Y., 2018. Human resource management transfer challenges within multinational
firms. Management Research Review.
Online
Domestic HRM VS international HRM.2019. [ONLINE]. Available through<
https://www.educba.com/domestic-hrm-vs-international-hrm/>
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