Detailed Report: Analyzing Infant Mortality Rates in England and Wales

This report analyzes infant and neonatal mortality rates in England and Wales, comparing data from 1980 to 2018. It examines the causes of neonatal and premature deaths, highlighting inequalities related to maternal age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. The report also discusses government initiatives aimed at reducing stillbirths and neonatal deaths by 2025. Data is sourced from the Office for National Statistics of UK, and the analysis focuses on trends, risk factors, and the impact of healthcare and social conditions on infant mortality rates. The project concludes with a reflection on the team's collaborative efforts and learning experiences.

Date of submission : Month Year
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Table of Contents2.1. Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 5
3.2. Objectives............................................................................................................................................. 5
4.3. Group Involvement ......................................................................................................................... 5
5.4. Methodology....................................................................................................................................... 7
6.Data Collection........................................................................................................................................ 7
7.Data Preparation................................................................................................................................. 15
8.Data Analysis........................................................................................................................................ 15
9.Results..................................................................................................................................................... 16
10.Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 16
11.3. Project Management.................................................................................................................. 17
12.Project Plan......................................................................................................................................... 17
13.Project Collaboration...................................................................................................................... 17
14.Learning reflection.......................................................................................................................... 17
15.References........................................................................................................................................... 18

List of Figures
Figure 1: Infant mortality rates in England and Wales overall
decreased from 1980 to 2018
Figure 2: Progress toward England's goal of halving stillbirths
and neonatal mortality from 2010 to 2018
Figure 3: Pregnancy-related illnesses, congenital defects, and
antepartum infections as a percentage of neonatal fatalities in
England and Wales from 2014 to 2018
Figure 4: England and Wales's neonatal death rate from 2006
to 2017
Figure 5: Percentage of newborn fatalities for England and
Wales from 2006 to 2017 by gestational age groups
Figure 6: Infant mortality rates in England's most and least
impoverished communities have gradually decreased since
2010
Figure 7: For England and Wales from 2011 to 2018, infant
mortality rates were categorized by the National Statistics
Socio-Economic Classification (NS-SEC) classes.
Figure 8: Ethnicity-specific infant mortality rates in England
and Wales, 2017
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2. 1. Introduction
Child mortality, often known as the under-five mortality rate, is the likelihood
that a child would pass away before reaching the age of exactly five, represented
as a ratio of 1 death for every 1,000 live births. And the rate of fatality of
infants, when subject to age-specific death rates for that time period, is the
likelihood that a child born in a certain year or period will pass away before
turning one. Instead of being expressed as a rate, infant mortality rate is really a
likelihood of death calculated from a life table and expressed as a rate per 1000
live births. The project discusses about the changes come in infant and child
mortality in the present year with comparison to previous years in England and
Wales (Ali, 2021). A brief study about the causes of neonatal and premature
deaths of babies and by understanding the conditions, developed strategies for
reducing these neonatal deaths in context with the contribution of government.
3. 2. Objectives
The project has the objective to know the mortality rates in the England and Wales in
recent years and analyse the changes comes in it due to inequalities prevailing in the
society. The topic helps to communicate the groups about the social conditions of the UK
and how government is contributing towards the society to overcome this problem
(Bartickand Feldman-Winter, 2018). This study focuses on providing solutions to this
problem and how a person can contribute in reducing this problem by taking some
measures.
4. 3. Group Involvement
Everyone collaborated as a team to gather trustworthy information that would be utilised
for specific analyses. After finishing the study, we decided who would be in charge of
each component of the group project. The aim of the project is to understand the causes of
death and inequalities due to which death occur and analyse the 2018 data with previous
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year infant mortality rates. The main purpose of this project is to develop strategies for
reducing the neonatal and premature deaths and investigate the contributions made by the
government in response to the crisis (Marland, 2020). This project helps in educating the
group about various inequalities which lies in the society such as maternal age, ethnicity,
parents’ occupation, income, health, education, crime, birth weight, etc.
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5. 4. Methodology
6. Data Collection
The information here is accumulated from the Office for National Statistics of
UK. There are figures given in the data which justify the infant mortality rates in the year
from 1980 to 2018.The graph depicts a general drop in England and Wales' infant death
rates from 1980. It shows the following notes such as deaths that have place in a calendar
year, infant deaths of those children under 1-year-old, infant fatalities rate per 1000 live
births. The data collected in this report is deployed on either the birth year or the death
cohort, depending on which happened first (birth cohort). These figures are the best for
monitoring changes in patterns since they account for more late registrations and offer a
more accurate picture of what actually happened in any particular year. And the second
figure which is given on the site shows the efforts to reduce stillbirths and neonatal death
in England by half from 2010 to 2018 are making progress (Bhasin and Kohli, 2019).
So as third one helps to analyse the Pregnancy-related illnesses, congenital
disorders, and ante partum infections as a percentage of neonatal fatalities in England and
Wales from 2014 to 2018. And the fourth figure shows the increment in the overall rate of
neonatal mortality in England and Wales since 2006 to 2017. The trend given in
the newsletter for 24 weeks and over only is more similar with their findings since
information from the UK's Mothers and Babies: Reducing Risk via Audits and
Confidential Enquiries (MBRRACE-UK) excludes babies before 24 weeks’ gestational
age.
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A fall in infant mortality rate can be clearly observed looking at the chart. This indicates a
direct positive correlation between live births and healthcare. As per the chart it has been
analysed that from the year 1980 to 2018 it is identified that infant mortality rate for
England and Wales is falling down which is presenting good position of country.
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This could mean a better healthcare system in place for pregnant women, especially with
nutrition. However, healthcare for neonatal babies still seems relatively low. In this chart
presented about the government ambition for neonatal morality rates which are declined
continue.
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Immature birth has highest correlation for neonatal deaths. This chart is presented
different conditions of neonatal deaths from 2014 to 2018. By this chart analysing the rate
of deaths in England and Wales.
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A recent increase in neonatal death is observed. In the year of 2006 to 2017 face various
changes which are presenting the performance of country. These are based on the weeks
and based on the neonatal deaths per 1000 liver berths.
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As per the above chart it has been analysed that neonatal deaths are presenting
under 24 weeks which has increased since 2014. this sis maximum in 2007.
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