A Critical Analysis of the PEACE Model as an Investigative Strategy

This report provides a critical analysis of the PEACE model as an investigative strategy within the field of criminology. It begins with an introduction to criminology and the role of investigation, emphasizing the importance of the PEACE model in establishing effective and ethical investigative procedures. The report delves into the PEACE model's components, including Planning and Preparation, Engage & Explain, Account, Clarification & Challenge, Closure, and Evaluation, highlighting its focus on non-confrontational interview techniques aimed at reducing false confessions. It then examines the model's application in the UK, its ethical considerations, and its relation to the investigation process, including immediate actions, planning, data collection, analysis, corrective actions, and reporting. The report includes case studies such as S v Stubbs and R v Bodkins, demonstrating the PEACE model's use in cross-examination and maintaining ethical standards. The conclusion summarizes the model's significance in criminology and its practical application in real-world scenarios.

The PEACE model

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
Critically analyse the PEACE model as an investigative strategy..............................................3
PEACE Model and relation with investigation process..............................................................4
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Criminology is that study of crime which is been used upon those thing related to crimes
and nature of criminal activities. Further investigation is considered as part of criminology which
defines about those sentences that makes investigation to be conducted upon crime that is been
done by an individual. Also investigation is the process which given powers over bureau crate
by making them proceed with the crime and various responsibility related to it. Peace mode is
that import part which makes peace to be established in more effective manner. The file covered
about investigation and case related to it. In the end peace model is also discussed.
TASK
Critically analyse the PEACE model as an investigative strategy
PEACE Model: The model is based upon making investigation interview conducted that was
part of early 90s. It is an collaborative effort which makes enforcement over various kinds of
physiological needs present within an organization. This model make conversational, non-
confrontational upon information through interview subject. The model has been formed for
reducing of various kinds of false confession which were being made through aggressive tactics.
This is used within UK in more efficient manner and has gained popularity within various other
countries. Such model also covers about ethical approach present within each case. Further the
model is related over various things that is • Planning and Preparation • Engage & Explain •
Account, Clarification & Challenge • Closure • Evaluation (Howes, 2020).
The main goal is related over suspect which makes interview done as per the model. The
aim of this investigation interviewing has been developed to obtain accurate and reliable
accounts from victims, witnesses or suspects about matters under police investigation. It makes
authentic information attained within the omission or deformation been developed. In more
simplified manner peace mode has been decide designed to reduce the number of false
confessions that were being recorded due to overly aggressive interviewing tactics. In today's
world PEACE MODEL is been used for making successful investigation conducted within UK's
investigation procedure. Also this makes ethical aspect covered within UK's criminal code of
procedure.

Investigation is the process which gives authority to police and judiciary for making
various facts cross checked from the person who has committed crime. In investigation process
of UK they are various steps which has been include and they are been given as follows:
Step 1 – Immediate action
This is related to that kind of incident within which immediate action is required to be
made. In it those area is been covered of a case which makes relevancy developed with the help
of various evidences like CCTV tapes, samples etc. These are mainly related to perishable
evidence (Levy and et. al., 2020).
Step 2 – Plan the investigation
Police is require over developing proper plan that is related with investigation. This
makes investigation conducted in systematic way. Also various kinds of circumstances is to be
kept in mind by police before starting investigation (Fallon and et. al. 2021).
Step 3 – Data collection
Information about the incident is available from numerous sources, not only people
involved or witnesses to the event, but also from equipment, documents and the scene of the
incident.
Step 4 – Data analysis
In this all kind of data that is been collected in relation to case is been checked properly
by police. Under it evidences relate with crime, CCTV footage, DNA samples and other
important evidences is checked.
Step 5 – Corrective actions
Under the step mistake is been made over raising action for dealing with those cause
which can hamper case later on. This makes all evidences verified in proper manner so as to see
that tampering is not done to them.
Step 6 – Reporting
The investigation is concluded when all outstanding issues have been closed out and the
findings have been communicated so that lessons can be shared. Communication mechanisms
include formal incident investigation reports, alerts, presentations and meeting topics.
PEACE Model and relation with investigation process
PEACE Model is one of the most important model which is based upon various kinds of
techniques which is been used within investigation process. Investigation and PEACE Model is

based upon those factors which impacts investigation in more effective manner. Case related to
this has been explained as follows:
S v Stubbs
In this case S has stolen the cap of policeman and also stole wallet of police man. Then in
this case court held that damages done to policemen us been covered within injury, mischief or
for theft also. Further court upon analysing the evidences makes actual damage accrued to police
in form of money. Also court did cross examination which made various facts clear with
intention to steel being justified (Dean, 2019).
R v Bodkins
The case is based upon giving extremely heavy dose of pain killer to an patient which is
ill. This is case of murder as it caused death of patient through over dose of it. Further Bodkins
was charged for murder. Court held that giving the pain killer caused life shortage to a person
and this made pain and suffering caused to patient which caused death of patient.
It can be observed from the above cases that PEACE model has been used within them to
conduct cross examination. In the process of cross examination PEACE model is been used for
maintaining of ethical standards of court. Also model is been used in order to create discipline
with balance.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the file that criminology is the process by which study of crime
and theories related to it has been explained. In this file PEACE model has been discussed and
steps of investigation is done. In the end cases in relation to PEACE model is explained.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dean, C., 2019. Using Music-Based Programs to Improve Peacebuilding Initiatives. Peace
Review, 31(3), pp.302-311.
Fallon, L and et. al. 2021. Evaluating the Vermont State police’s PEACE model training
program: phase 1. Psychology, Crime & Law, pp.1-23.
Howes, L.M., 2020. Interpreted investigative interviews under the PEACE interview model:
police interviewers’ perceptions of challenges and suggested solutions. Police Practice
and Research, 21(4), pp.333-350.\
Levy, S and et. al., 2020. Reducing Ageism: PEACE (Positive Education about Aging and
Contact Experiences) Model. Innovation in Aging, 4(Suppl 1), p.647.
Skendaj, E., 2019. Shaping peace in Kosovo: the politics of peacebuilding and statehood.