CH6061: AES Analysis of Iron, Copper, Zinc in Vitamin Supplements

This report focuses on the application of Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (AES) for determining the content of iron, copper, and zinc in mineral supplements. The study involves careful selection, processing, and mixing of ingredients to achieve target characteristics in the final product, which can be in solid, liquid, or powder form. The methodology includes heating samples, adding deionized water, and filtering the contents for analysis. Laser light scattering is also discussed as a method for particle size determination, with considerations for dispersion and agglomeration. Results from the AES analysis are tabulated, showing the measured values of copper, iron, and zinc in different samples, and calculations are performed to estimate mineral content based on consumed mass. The discussion highlights the importance of analytical strategies for evaluating sample texture and mineral content, with a focus on zinc, copper, and iron. The report concludes that AES is a simple and widely applicable technique, although it has limitations in differentiating particle shapes and aggregates. The analysis provides valuable insights into the quality control and assessment of mineral supplements.

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Introduction
The atomic emission spectroscopy has become the most commonly used method in the
analytical chemistry. The ingredients are seriously chosen, processed and mixed in a precise
manner to get the final product that has the target characteristics. The vitamin supplement too
is a formulated product since more than two ingredients including zinc, copper, Iron among
others have been carefully selected in the right proportions to obtain the quality vitamin
supplement. These products exist in either solid, liquid, or powder form depending on the
market requirement. Formulated materials possess market values and are either meant for
direct utility or use in the industrial requirement. This paper will highlight the measurement
techniques of AES in the supplement of the vitamin (Li et al., 2013).
Numerous varied techniques have been established and utilized in the industries that are
responsible for the production of vitamin supplement. This paper section provides a review of
the most commonly used methods for measuring parameters including size, flavor, texture,
crystallization, the content of moisture and viscosity (Nelson et al., 2015). This section shows
a precise view of each of the methods as opposed to a characteristic of particular equipment
that is applied in the various steps of taking measurements.
The supplement quality will greatly be affected by the content of water or moisture of the
supplement. This characteristic will establish the way of wrapping of the final output be it
likely be compact, semi-solid or form of liquid (Iwai et al., 2014).
Method
The flask on the hot plate was heated for about 30 minutes. The heating was done with a lot
of precaution so as to ensure that there were no dynes. The deionized water was added as had
been previously indicated. The flask was then removed from the burner after the required

duration elapsed. This was then followed by the addition of 25cm3 of the deionized water in
each of the flask while allowing time to cool (Maryutina & Musina 2012)
After the content had been allowed to cool, it was filtered using the fluted filter paper into a
volumetric flask of the capacity of 25cm3. The contents of the volumetric flasks were then
marked using the deionized water as TS1 and TS2 (Maryutina & Musina 2012).
The particles used in vitamin supplement manufacturing packed very tightly together in a
way that the other measuring systems would be unable to distinguish between the numerous
various particles (Shkirskiy et al., 2015). The chosen dispersion liquid should have no effect
on the particles chosen. This means the liquid should not should not contain even the least
amount of water which would dilute and finally dissolve the minerals in the supplement
mixture. In a bid to separate the particles, thorough mixing is needed a procedure which must
not be very difficult that can change the structure of the particles (Nelson et al., 2015).
Results
Other supplement preparation depends on laser light scattering. In the laser light scattering
process, the process of dispersion is moved circularly via a sample cell with the beams of
laser pointed through it. The laser beam is extended to a diameter that is roughly five and
twenty millimeters and then passed through a solution. The application of this equipment
does not have any means of measuring the size of each particle, however, the patterns of the
dispersion (Chung et al., 2015).
This pattern remains of utmost importance for application despite all particles in the beam
being in continuous motion. A combination of all scattering steps is reflected by a lens and
analyzed with a photodiode array. By constantly altering the focal length of the lens in use, a
variety of particle sizes can be easily put under check (Volkov, Proskurnin & Korobov 2014).
A comparison is made between the recorded patterns of refraction and the targeted
combination of larger particles and minute particles in the spectrum of light. The particles

must distinguish the light while not indicating characteristics as agglomerates (Li et al.,
2015). The smaller particles are brought together thereby creating a signal to the larger
particles when the dispersion is of significant strength. Improvements must be made to the
dispersion so as to generate the correct signals when this measuring tool is being used. The
results obtained are as tabulated (Meyer et al., 2012).
Cu m2/g Fe Um m2/g Zn
Sample 21.00 1.14 12.52 21.10 1.14 12.52
TS1 20.36 1.56 10.56 24.01 1.51 12.42
TS2 21.48 1.63 11.362 22.28 1.46 11.69
TS1 19.79 1.81 11.349 24.01 1.41 12.59
TS2 21.45 1.58 11.43 17.56 1.75
Exercise
When the consumed mass is at 360mg, using the multiplication factor of 10 with the above
results would mean 107.66mg for Fe, 141.34mg for Zn and finally 111.0mg for the Cu. The
same ratio is used for the division of the 1370mg sample (Chung et al., 2015).
Discussion
This technique can as well not be capable to notice small alterations. Manufacturers may alter
the ingredients of the vitamin supplement or the stages of processing to establish the impact it
would impose on the final texture. Under such circumstances, analytical strategies may be
helpful owing to their ability to evaluate a sample easily that is large in size with a high level
of accuracy (Meyer et al., 2012). Zinc, copper, and iron tend to be the ingredients that are
most important in the supplement. Instruments used in the detection of minerals may be used

in the analysis of these components. Such instruments are able to probe into the given sample
at a relatively constant speed while taking the records of the resistant force the results from
the chosen sample at the same time.
The nature of the condition of the final vitamin supplement will be playing a major role when
it comes to finding the taste of the vitamin supplement. The values that have been obtained
indicates a close relationship with the given samples though not exact. This variation could
be attributed to the errors (Meyer et al., 2012).
Conclusion
The outcomes of emission of diffraction are often expressed in the form of the diameter of the
resultant sphere which only enables the use of a categorical value of the nature of the particle.
In cases where the particle is not of a spherical shape, the AES technique will not offer
guidance on the specific outlook.
The AES technique is unable to clearly differentiate between the discrete particle and the
particle aggregates which are often of immense significance. One of the properties of the
technique is its simplicity in understanding hence famously applied. It can be applied in
handling all the three various states of matter.

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