Evaluating Strategic Challenges and Key Factors in Global Commerce

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the key factors driving global commerce and trade, including cost, market, environment, and competition. It explores the strategic challenges organizations face when operating in a global environment, such as collaboration, agility, transparency, productivity, and innovation. The report also evaluates the influences of globalization on organizational governance, leadership, structure, culture, and functions, as well as the impacts of ethical and sustainable globalization. Furthermore, it examines different decision-making processes in a global context and identifies various routes to internationalization, including key barriers. The analysis incorporates examples to illustrate the complexities and challenges of navigating the global business landscape.

Running head: ASSESSMENT
ASSESSMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ASSESSMENT
Table of Contents
Unit 18.............................................................................................................................................2
1 Analyse key factors of cost, market, environment and competition that drive global commerce
and trade...........................................................................................................................................2
2. Explain the complexity of strategic challenges faced by organizations when operating in a
global environment supported by specific examples.......................................................................5
3. Evaluate the influences of globalization on organizational governance and leadership,
structure, culture and functions........................................................................................................9
4. Evaluate the influences of ethical and sustainable globalization on organizational functions..13
5 Evaluate the different ways decision making can work effectively in a global context.............16
6 Determine and articulate the various routes to internationalization an organization may adopt,
including key barriers....................................................................................................................19
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................21

2ASSESSMENT
Unit 18
1 Analyse key factors of cost, market, environment and competition that drive global
commerce and trade
The global business environment can be understood to be very competitive in nature and
with respect to this, it can be largely understood that the aspect of Globalization has had a strong
influence on all the modern aspects of life. The globalization and its impacts can be largely
linked to the national, regional as well as the local environment. From self-contained countries,
the globe is moving towards an integrated business environment which then enables the different
members of the organization to perform as per the international rules and standards. In line of
this, it can be rightfully mentioned that, technology, transportation and improvised
communication systems are some of the mediums which have been able to assist the firm in
performing well. In addition to this, as the trade barriers have reduced considerably, it has
become comparatively easier for the businesses to carry out their operations1. However, it needs
to be understood that the process of Globalization is driven by four different factors. These
factors are the factors of Cost, Market, Environment and Competition. The report will be
discussing these factors and outlining the theoretical frameworks present in each framework.
Cost factor
The cost factors largely comprise of the economies of scale and scope, the experience
effects which are underwent by a firm, the exploiting differences in the factor costs for the
purpose of product development, the manufacturing as present and the sourcing in the different
international counties of the globe tend to form a crucial aspect of the cost factor of the factor
1 Ansoff, H. Igor, et al. Implanting strategic management. Springer, 2018.

3ASSESSMENT
related to Globalization. These factors can be understood to have a greater role to play in the
global strategy and it is with respect to this, that it becomes considerably important for the
managers to ensure that if they want their firm to attain success in the long run, they would be
required to see to it that, they are being able to take into consideration the different factors of
cost as present. Moreover, it also has to be understood that the Globalization and economic scope
tend to have a great impact on the overall performance of the firm and if more new economies
come up then it becomes a competitive threat for the overall business organizations as present in
the different countries.
In addition to this, it also has to be understood that, the bottom line of these factors lies
that no single market is capable enough to support a competitive strategy on a global scale in the
different industries as present2. Hence, it is for this reason that the global scale and scope
economies are being able to have far reaching effects which then go a long way in ensuring that
on one hand, if the economies of scale and scope shape the different strategies of the incumbents
in the industries, it makes it considerably hard for the new entrants to develop an effective
competitive threat and hence, in such a scenario, the barriers increase and the rivalry amongst the
current members also increase which reflect upon the broadening scope of competition which
takes place and also widens the dependency of national and regional markets which then reflects
the true differentiation in such a competitive business environment may be difficult to attain.
Environment
The business environment can also be understood to be a crucial driver for the overall
success of the workplace as present around the globe. This relates to the factors like Political
environment, Socio cultural and economic environment. It needs to be understood that, as the
2 Ansoff, H. Igor, et al. Implanting strategic management. Springer, 2018.

4ASSESSMENT
socio cultural trends have become more open and the people as present in the different cultures
are now willing to interact with one another more easily and openly, it is important to understand
that, these have also led to the easing down of various laws and other related legislatives. With
respect to this, it can be mentioned that, the business has become comparatively easier to
conduct.
Market
Another crucial factor which tends to have an impact on the overall operations of the
globalization and related factors can be stated to be the factor of Market. This determines that
globalization is greatly affected by the fact whether the market characteristics are global or local.
It is important to note that, as the individuals present in different countries often demand the
similar products as well as the services, the taste preferences are the only aspect which vary the
product and line of this, it becomes important to ensure that cultural variables like income and
standard of living are taken into consideration all along3. The strategy as used by Coca Cola can
be understood to be appropriate for the global environment as it takes into consideration different
formulas in every other country.
Competition
Competition also plays a crucial role in the business and in order to ensure that, all the
companies perform considerably well, the global rivals often tend to intensify the function of
marketing so as to see to it that, the organization would be successfully attain a sustainable
advantage. If this function is weakened then the organization may become susceptible to market
share erosion around the globe. In addition to this, the companies who are competitive in nature
often tend to introduce, upgrade as well as distribute the new products faster than before.
3 Ansoff, H. Igor, et al. Implanting strategic management. Springer, 2018.

5ASSESSMENT
Moreover, it is important to note that, all companies need to undertake considerable initiatives to
ensure that, the competition risks which are present can be combatted against easily. Moreover, it
is only the leading companies which drive the procedure of globalization. The opportunistic
behavior of Coca cola can be understood to be the reason why the soft drink market is way ahead
than the beer and spirits stage. In addition to this, with the four global drivers becoming more
crucial with time, it is important to note that, the different businesses would now be required to
undertake considerable initiatives in order to ensure that, they are able to target the low income
companies more and are able to take advantage of the openness and advancement in general4.
Hence, from the given analysis it could be understood how, the different factors related to
cost, market, the environment and the competition impact the globalization.
2. Explain the complexity of strategic challenges faced by organizations when operating in
a global environment supported by specific examples
The global environment can be largely understood to be very dynamic in nature and it
becomes considerably important, with respect to this, to ensure that the different players as
present in the business environment are successfully able to face these challenges and be
prepared to ensure that in the future, they are successfully able to overcome these challenges and
ensure success in the long run. Hence, the main aim of the report is to outline the different
challenges which are faced by the different organizations when operating in the global
environment and to also outline the complexity of these challenges.
The different challenges which are faced by the various businesses as present in the
global environment can be stated to be the challenges relating to the Collaboration, agility,
4 David, Fred R., and Forest R. David. Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and
cases. Pearson, 2016.

6ASSESSMENT
transparency, productivity as well as innovation. It needs to be understood that the business
environment has been changing rapidly and with respect to this, it is crucial to ensure that, all the
companies have the right kind of strategy involved in place which will enable them to perform
considerably well. However, the sad reality is that many organizations do not have the right
strategy in place which will assist them in attaining their overall objectives as present. The
primary reason why this is known to be a major concern is that, the companies are not being able
to assess the staff in the right manner which shall then contribute towards understanding and
achieving the overall objectives easily. The successful organizations who will be required to take
considerable measures would be the ones who will be able to make the right use of their
employees and be able to successfully intensify in the future of the house.
In line of this, it can be mentioned that keeping up with the different decisions would
require for making of the right decisions as it requires better levels of collaboration. The bigger
collaboration is aimed at bringing together the different functional teams and organizations
which shall allow the competitors to attain their overall goals as well as the objectives. However,
irrespective of this, the different teams are not supported by the counterparts as present around
the globe and the different firms tend to lag a cooperative culture. Additionally, the sharing of
ideas as well as the resources is not encouraged appropriately which then limits the overall
operations of the firm.
The continuous training as well as the clear communication forms a critical part of the
firm and in line of this, it is required to be understood that, in order to ensure that the firm is able
to achieve its overall objectives, the firm would be required to see to it that, continuous training
and clear communication would be required to be given to the different employees in order to see
to it that, the company communicates openly and remains honest about its change. The agile

7ASSESSMENT
working is highly encouraged here as when the different organizational members will be able to
work diligently, only then would they be able to ensure that the firm is able to attain success in
the long run.
Moreover, as identified in various organizations like that of Amazon and Samsung, there
exists considerable clarity in the workplace and in line of this, it has to be ensured that the firms
would be required to undertake considerable procedures so as to ensure that, they are able to
perform better5. The situation turns out to be gruesome when the employees fail to find a link
between the pay and the performance and end up feeling that they have been rewarded in an
unfair manner. Hence, if there exists a misalignment between the different efforts as taken by the
different employees then they will not be able to meet with the needs of the business and the
organization will not be able to find success with respect to international expansion as planned
by them. Hence, the different business who aim to ensure that they are successfully able to
achieve their goals, will be required to ensure that, they set a management framework which will
help them in attaining their overall goals and objectives. Moreover, when announcing a
promotion as well, the business leaders would be required to highlight the contribution as done
by the different managers and ensure that they are able to attain progress with respect to the
overall objectives of the firm.
Hence, it is for this reason that Amazon, which is an international organization would be
required to be made aware of their responsibility which will not only allow them to attain success
but also ensure that the firm is able to proceed towards their goals successfully and indulge in
having the biggest impact on pay and the other aspects which would be required in order to
proceed with the next level and ensure that they are able to progress well. Moreover, the different
5 David, Fred R., and Forest R. David. Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and
cases. Pearson, 2016.

8ASSESSMENT
managers also need to be encouraged adequately which shall ensure that they are being able to
set the goals as per their overall objectives and improve performance.
Having good relations with the different employees also ensure that the business is able
to engage into long term success. This means that, if the firm wants to engage in innovation then
they would be required to undertake considerable initiatives which will assist them in ensuring
long term success and achieving the organizational objectives.
The innovation can be stated to be an area where the different global business often fail to
perform well and it helps in ensuring that the firm will be able to capitalize on the different ideas
of the employees6. This can be stated to be true because, the different employees often interact
with the different customers on a direct basis and in line of this, it needs to be understood that
they can be the best judge of the needs of the customers. Using the medium of innovation solely
based on the Research and Development department, shall not be enough and all the firms would
be required to ensure that they are being able to capitalize on the human capital so as to attain the
long term objectives.
Hence, from the given, it can be largely understood that any firm which aims to attain
success needs to undertake measures which will assist them in ensuring long term success.
Although they would be faced by different barriers as existent, they would be required to ensure
that they are able to undertake measures which will ensure that they are able to find success in
the long run.
6 David, Fred R., and Forest R. David. Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and
cases. Pearson, 2016.

9ASSESSMENT
3. Evaluate the influences of globalization on organizational governance and leadership,
structure, culture and functions
The globalization is often considered to be a development of the knowledge. In addition
to this, it is important to understand that, the development of technology is a factor which has
enabled the creation of the organizations without the presence of any physical borders and
without the development of science or economics in place. The management has also enabled the
development of other areas of business which have a direct impact on the globalization. Hence,
the single markets which have come up today tend to allow the creation of a single market where
the different goods and services can flow easily with respect to the availability of the different
goods as well as services along with the appropriate labor as available. As globalization further
inflicts with the overall significant interaction between the different geographic regions which
are generally exercised, it may become considerably important to ensure that, globalization often
leads to a conflict of the different cultures and in line of this the combination of two different
cultures leads to a different dynamics in total. Hence, the scope of the report is to outline and
underline the different cultural as well as leadership effects of the concept of leadership.
Impact of globalization on organizational culture
As the different companies who have decided to participate in the international market
often communicate as well as compete with the frames of the multiple state, it is important to
ensure that it becomes considerably important to ensure that, to remain competitive, the
organization is able to adapt their culture with the overall culture of the market in which they
perform7. The globalization often leads to changes in the culture of the firm due to the reason
7 David, Fred R., and Forest R. David. Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach, concepts and
cases. Pearson, 2016.

10ASSESSMENT
that, there exists an inevitable interaction of the organizations in the global market and social life
in relation to the politics as well as the culture. In addition to this, the globalization tends to
create a world horizon which is characterized by the non-integration and diversity. Hence, these
firms who are participating in the international market need to take considerable steps so as to
see to it that, they are able to monitor the changes on the three dimensions as present. The overall
impact of globalization on organizational culture can be stated to be as follows:
 Globalization leads to diversity: The globalization often tends to lead to diversity. This
means that when the globalization takes place, the different organizations are successfully
able to undertake initiatives which will allow them to ensure that they are successful able
to meet their overall objectives and hence, there takes place an infusion of the different
cultures which often leads to diversity in the workplace.
 It leads to better decision making: Another crucial impact is that globalization leads to
better decision making due to the different aspects and point of views which arrive from
the different employees.
 The diversity aspect which is promoted by Globalization also lends resilience in the
workplace. This means that the different companies which go global and hire individuals
from the different background who may possess different skills and abilities and may be
successfully able to resolve the different problems in the right manner.
Hence, it can be understood that, that the impact of globalization on the organizational
culture is understood to be very positive in nature.
Impact of Globalization on Leadership

11ASSESSMENT
The main impact of Globalization on the overall leadership which takes place in an
organization can be stated to be very crucial as every leader can be stated to have set of
challenges as well as opportunities which will be unique to the overall history of the company,
the market segment and the customer changes which tend to take place8. All the people as
present would be required to ensure that they are able to gain the assistance of leadership and
attain their overall objectives successfully. Crucial leadership is required at the time of expansion
because, very often the companies tend to become so large, such that, they lose out on their
control and command. Hence, the leaders in globalization would be encouraged to take
command and ensure that they are successfully being able to incorporate control in the firm
which would then allow them to perform considerably well and in addition to this, will ensure
that the organization is able to find success. Hence, due to globalization, the organization would
be required to undertake the given leadership objectives and overall goals:
 Finding communication strategies: The leader would be required to ensure that, they are
successfully able to find the appropriate communication strategies which will allow them
to successfully communicate with one another and ensure that they are being able to
attain success easily. In addition to this, the discovery of the appropriate communication
strategy, will also enable the firm to ensure that they are successfully able to incur the
same vision as well as enthusiasm throughout the organization as present.
 Making the different employees feel comfortable: It is their job to make the different
employees feel comfortable in their domain9. This reflects on the fact that globalization
8 Hitt, Michael, and R. Duane Ireland. "The intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic management
research." The Blackwell handbook of entrepreneurship (2017): 45-63.
9 Frynas, Jedrzej George, and Kamel Mellahi. Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA, 2015.

12ASSESSMENT
and internationalization can turn out to be tough on certain members of the firm and in
line of this, it needs to be understood that the role of a leader changes in this case and in
line of this, it has to be understood that, the leader is generally required to make the
different employees very comfortable in the workplace.
 Pursuing a balance in culture: The leader will also be required to ensure that, the culture
will be balanced successfully. This means in order to gain success and achieve the
objectives of the firm, the leader would be required to see to it that it is successfully able
to manage out and maintain the balance of cultural diversity so as to see to it that the firm
is able to attain its overall objectives in the long run,
Hence, it can be understood that globalization has a considerable impact on the overall
organizational governance, culture and leadership and for this reason, the different managers of
the firm must take measures to ensure that they are able to attain success in the long run.
4. Evaluate the influences of ethical and sustainable globalization on organizational
functions.
The globalization can be rightfully defined as a growing economic interdependence of the
different countries which exist and it is through this increase of the volume as well as the variety
of the cross border transactions which take place in regard to the goods as well as the services
inclusive of the capital flaws that globalization is able to prosper easily. The globalization can be
understood to be a useful process of decision making procedures and processes through which,
markets tend to reflect more widespread diffusion of technology10. In line of this, it can be
rightfully understood that, it is through the procedure of advertisement that the different

13ASSESSMENT
organizations are easily able to engage themselves in business decision, production procedures
and markets which have more international characteristics and less of national ones. It also needs
to be understood that the Government can easily influence the pace of the globalization. The
section will discuss the manner in which globalization has had an impact on organizational
functions.
The globalization can be understood to be a procedure with respect to which, the different
tools as well as techniques can be incorporated in order to ensure that the transportation,
technology as well as telecommunications can become cheaper as well as quicker and other than
this, they will also be able to ensure that the internet becomes valuable11. The Globalization was
also influenced by the organizations like the World Bank, the International Monetary fund, the
World train organization and others which are largely devoted to increasing the trade and
development as present. The different functions of an organization have been able to change
considerably and the features as present can be stated to be as follows:
 Make wider use of markets: It assists in making wider use of the markets as it ensures
that the decision making processes shall become stronger.
10 Hill, Terry. Manufacturing strategy: the strategic management of the manufacturing function. Macmillan
International Higher Education, 2017.
11 Meyer, G. Dale, Heidi M. Neck, and Michael D. Meeks. "The entrepreneurship‐strategic management
interface." Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset (2017): 17-44.

14ASSESSMENT
 Strengthen decision-making processes: It ensures that the decision making procedure
becomes considerably stronger and that all aspects are taken into consideration before
undertaking any measure12.
 Harness latest technology: The globalization also assists the different organizations to
easily harness the latest technology which is available to them13. This helps them in
becoming considerably advanced.
 Manage links to global economy: The globalization as a factor will also ensure that the
firm is able to link the global economy and ensure further success of the firm.
The manner in which the sustainable aspect of the globalization can be stated to be affecting
the overall organizational functions can be stated to be as follows:
1. The overall financial accounting has become more standardized: The accounting function
of the different firms as present have become more standardized as it has enabled the firm
to ensure that only one system of financial accounting is required to be followed.
2. The different operations have become more systematized: The different operations tend
to become more systemized due to the fact that the competition has become more
sustained and it is with respect to this that, it can be understood that the sustainable
globalization has had a positive impact on the operations of the firm14.
12 Lasserre, Philippe. Global strategic management. Macmillan International Higher Education, 2017.
13 Michael, Steven, David Storey, and Howard Thomas. "Discovery and coordination in strategic management and
entrepreneurship." Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset (2017): 45-65.
14 Morden, Tony. Principles of strategic management. Routledge, 2016.

15ASSESSMENT
3. Technology has become an essential part of the operational functions: As technology has
become an essential part of the organization, it has become important for the different
firms to ensure that they are successfully able to digitalize the functions and keep a
record of every operation which exists.
4. The human resource function has become more systemized: For this, the overall human
resource function has become more systematized.
Hence, from the given analysis, it can be rightfully understood that, the sustainable and
ethical globalization has ensured that the organizations are easily able to achieve their overall
goals as well as the objectives due to the fact that, they bring about efficiency in the overall
operations of the firm as present. Various organizations like the HCL technologies, Nike as well
as Coca Cola has been able to make use of the globalization dynamics and has been able to
evolve its overall operations along with fueling its global expansion strategy. Hence, it can be
rightfully stated that the different organizations have been able to revive their overall strategy
and enhance their operational functions using the terms and guidelines of globalization.
5 Evaluate the different ways decision making can work effectively in a global context.
The decision making can be understood to be the main task of the management and the
model of decision making can be stated and understood to be well aligned to the overall function
of the organization. Hence, in line of this, it can be rightfully mentioned that, the decision
making is a rational procedure which begins with defining the problem which exists and then
based on various examinations as well as studies, will be required to ensure that, the decisions

16ASSESSMENT
which are undertaken, are made in line of the workplace15. This ensures that the firm is able to
attain considerable success in the long run. However, in the modern era, the globalization has
become considerably easier and it can be mentioned that, the rational decision making is largely
supported by the latest Information and communications technology which assists in ensuring
that, the firm is able to engage in long term relationship with the different members of the firm as
present and take decisions after considering all relevant aspects. The main aim of the particular
report is to outline the manner in which decision making exists and works effectively in the
global environment.
The business is a dimension which can be stated to be a plethora of decisions. All small
aspects of business considerably require a sound decision which will assist the firm in ensuring
that it is successfully able to perform in the best interests of all the individuals as present. The
reason why the business decision making is considered to be very important is because of the
following reasons:
 The health of the business greatly depends on the correct decision making: The health of
the business and the path that it tends to adopt greatly depends on the decision making
which takes place within the realm of the business16. This means, that if a business aims
to ensure success in the long run, it would be required to undertake the correct type of
decisions which would ensure that the firm is able to achieve its goals in the long run.
15 Morschett, Dirk, Hanna Schramm-Klein, and Joachim Zentes. Strategic international management. Springer,
2015.
16 Noe, Raymond A., et al. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Education, 2017.

17ASSESSMENT
 It embeds the decision of the entire organization: The decision making which takes place
tends to embed the future of the firm. This means that, the fate of the organization is
greatly dependent on certain decision which are made for the welfare of the firm. In line
of this, it can also be understood that, the decision making of the firm needs to take place
effectively in order to ensure that the firm is able to engage into success.
 It takes expert advice into view: The decision making can be described as a procedure
which takes into view the overall expert advise and in line of this, it is required to be
understood that any firm needs to undertake the mode of decision making to ensure that,
they are successfully able to achieve their goals.
In order to ensure that the decision making is successful in the long run, it is important to
ensure that, the decision making is influenced by different factors as present in the workplace.
There are several factors which will influence the decision making which takes place in the
organization and these factors can be staged to be as follows:
 Cognitive bias: The cognitive biasness in a firm largely affects the overall decision
making which takes place in a firm. In line of this, it ca be rightfully mentioned that, a
firm would be required to see to it that their cognitive biasness would be able to
incorporate the overall success of the firm17.
 Historical data: The historical data will also be required to take into consideration such
that all the previous details which take place in the firm are successfully able to be put
into use and that all the objectives of the firm can be achieved at large18.
17 Moutinho, Luiz, and Alfonso Vargas-Sanchez, eds. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI Tourism Texts. Cabi,
2018.
18 Rothaermel, Frank T. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.

18ASSESSMENT
 External environment: The external environment also has a strong impact on the overall
working of the firm which means that, the different factors as present in the external
environment of the firm have the capacity to impact the overall operations of the firm and
in line of this, it can be rightfully mentioned that in order to ensure success, the factors of
external environment need to be taken into consideration.
 Internal capabilities: The internal capabilities tend to form a crucial part of the decision
making procedure too and if a firm wants to ensure success in the long run, it becomes
crucial for it to consider the aspect of internal capabilities, which shall allow it to attain
their overall objectives.
6 Determine and articulate the various routes to internationalization an organization may
adopt, including key barriers.
In globalization, it becomes considerably important for the different firms to ensure that
they are successfully able to expand their overall operations and take considerable measures so
as to ensure that they are being able to attain their overall objectives. In line of this, it can be
understood that for a business to attain success in the long run, the business may choose to
expand in the long run and hence, in line of this, it is important for the firm to ensure that, they
are successfully being able to engage into considerable operations which may allow them to
achieve this. There can be several ways in which a business may choose to expand online and
some of these ways will be discussed in the given section. The different internationalization
routes which can be adopted are as follows:
 Franchising: The franchising can be understood to be one of the key ways, in which the
firm may choose to use their brand name and then find a franchisee who would be

19ASSESSMENT
interested in adapting to the brand name and carry out the operations on their behalf19. In
this aspect, the only shortfall which takes place is in relation with the different legislative
requirements and duties of the different franchisor which are required to be fulfilled by
the firm.
 Joint venture: The joint venture can be understood to be another crucial factor which can
be adopted by the different organizations which means through this initiative they can get
into a strong partnership with the other firms who will then be able to assist them in
ensuring the overall expansion of the operations. The joint venture however, often leads
to the fall out of the individual management as present.
 Mergers: The mergers tend to form another crucial method in which the firm will be able
to expand the operations and decide on the fact how they can combine the operations of
the firm with other individuals so as to ensure success20. The downside of this method is
that, mergers often end up dissatisfying the different stakeholders.
Hence, from the given analysis, it can be rightfully understood that both joint venture as
well as franchise will form essential parts of the workplace and in line of this, it has to be
understood by the firm that if it aims to ensure success in the long run, it needs to successfully
plan these strictures which shall then ensure that the firm is able to attain its overall objectives
and see to it that their procedures of internationalization become much easier. Hence, the firm
need to aim towards building strong relationships which shall ensure that the firm is being able to
form long term relations with their partners.
19 Steiss, Alan W. Strategic management for public and nonprofit organizations. Routledge, 2019.
20 Wheelen, Thomas L., et al. Strategic management and business policy. Boston: pearson, 2017.

20ASSESSMENT

21ASSESSMENT
Bibliography
Ansoff, H. Igor, et al. Implanting strategic management. Springer, 2018.
David, Fred R., and Forest R. David. Strategic management: A competitive advantage approach,
concepts and cases. Pearson, 2016.
Frynas, Jedrzej George, and Kamel Mellahi. Global strategic management. Oxford University
Press, USA, 2015.
Hill, Terry. Manufacturing strategy: the strategic management of the manufacturing function.
Macmillan International Higher Education, 2017.
Hitt, Michael, and R. Duane Ireland. "The intersection of entrepreneurship and strategic
management research." The Blackwell handbook of entrepreneurship (2017): 45-63.
Lasserre, Philippe. Global strategic management. Macmillan International Higher Education,
2017.
Meyer, G. Dale, Heidi M. Neck, and Michael D. Meeks. "The entrepreneurship‐strategic
management interface." Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset (2017): 17-44.
Michael, Steven, David Storey, and Howard Thomas. "Discovery and coordination in strategic
management and entrepreneurship." Strategic entrepreneurship: Creating a new mindset (2017):
45-65.
Morden, Tony. Principles of strategic management. Routledge, 2016.
Morschett, Dirk, Hanna Schramm-Klein, and Joachim Zentes. Strategic international
management. Springer, 2015.

22ASSESSMENT
Moutinho, Luiz, and Alfonso Vargas-Sanchez, eds. Strategic Management in Tourism, CABI
Tourism Texts. Cabi, 2018.
Noe, Raymond A., et al. Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage. New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2017.
Rothaermel, Frank T. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2015.
Steiss, Alan W. Strategic management for public and nonprofit organizations. Routledge, 2019.
Wheelen, Thomas L., et al. Strategic management and business policy. Boston: pearson, 2017.