Comparative Analysis: Perspectives on Human Behavior in Psychology

This essay provides an analysis of human behavior through three key psychological perspectives: behaviorism, psychodynamic, and humanistic. It begins by introducing the multifaceted nature of human behavior, influenced by genetic, cultural, and individual factors. The essay then delves into behaviorism, focusing on stimulus-response mechanisms and conditioning, contrasting it with the psychodynamic perspective that emphasizes unconscious processes, childhood experiences, and internal conflicts. The discussion extends to the humanistic perspective, highlighting empathy, self-actualization, and the uniqueness of individuals. The essay also examines theories such as Freud's dream analysis and Bowlby's attachment theory. The conclusion summarizes the differences and similarities between these perspectives, emphasizing their collective role in understanding the complexities of human behavior and the importance of considering psychological needs and emotional understanding.

Perspectives in
Psychology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Human behavior is defined as a way that humans interact and act based on their
psychological aspect. It is completely based on various factors which include genetic, cultural,
and individual values with them on beliefs and attitude. Predominantly, human behaviors refer to
the range of behavior that is acted by humans and which is influenced by emotions, values,
hypnosis, and various core genetic factor. Moreover, the traits are varied from person to person
and can stimulate different actions or behavior from each person. Various assumptions are used
to be produced on human behavior. With the help of psychological perspectives, it includes
behaviorist, psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives. In this report, the discussion is based
on the aspect of human behavior and with the help of behaviorist, psychodynamic and
humanistic perspective the assumption is used to be made which provide some relevance within
the understanding of human values and their pattern to behave with community or social group
(Zacher, n.d.).
MAIN BODY
The psychology has different aspect which is configure the aspect and perspective as per the
vision of different people. The human behavior is unpredictable and used to show various aspect
that provide a brief discussion that develop belief. Overall, the psychology plays vital role in
understanding the human behavior in the appropriate way. Behaviorism started as a reaction
against introspective psychology in the previous centuries. Moreover, the behaviorism theory is a
key understanding which helpful for the human to motivate and help others the information is
transferred from one stimulus to the learner from a response to the right is stimulus. Moreover,
there are various passive participants in the behavioral learning that provide a piece of proper
information as an element of stimulus-response. The behaviorism is usually utilized to show the
participant how they should react and respond on the certain condition or situation. This need to
be done and the repeat it away in order to remind the participants that day perceived behavior
that they are looking for. While taking the contrast of assumptions, it is also known as behavioral
psychology for the behaviorism. Usually, it is a helpful aspect that provides relevance towards
the behavior which is observed through the interaction with the environment through a process
called conditioning (Donelson and Gullahorn, 2021).

The Freud theory usually helpful aspect in order to dream which is essential a form of wish
fulfillment. In addition, taking the unconscious through, feeling and desire and hope of
transformation which is less threatening form. Therefore, the people are usually able to minimize
the ego anxiety and in term of psychology. They have various often utilized facto which is also
analysis of dream which is helpful for the starting point in his free association technique which is
fallen within the aspect of psychology.
As per this, the behavior is simply a response to environmental stimuli associated with the
interaction, and communication behaviorism is only concerned with the observable stimulus-
response behavior that they are used to study properly and systematically. Psychology helps to
support the empirical data which is obtained through careful and controlled observation and
measurement of behavior which shows their presence in the aspect of behaviorism from the
longer period. There are some of the basic assumptions which are associated with the
behaviorism perspective that it is psychology that should be seen as a science to be studied
scientifically. Moreover, behaviorism is primarily concerned with observable behavior which is
opposed towards the internal event like thinking and decision-making process. Whereas, the
behavior is the result of stimulus-response which follows the various terms and complex attitude
that is associated with the factor which can be reduced to a simple stimulus-response feature. In
this, the last assumption which is associated with behaviorism is that they are determined by the
environment which includes conditioning and nurture (Singh, 2020).
The contrast of the study of psychology, it is defined that the Bowlby idea and Mary
Ainsworth which shown various aspect that shown the cumulative perspective towards the
behavior and thought. Therefore, the study is usually focus on the various assessment which is
understood by knowing the different aspect of Bowlby and Ainsworth. In addition to this,
expanding on the Bowlby ideas which is based on the Mary Ainsworth that they pointed three
attachment pattern which is focused on the secure attachment, avoidant attachment and resistant
attachment. While taking the example of separation anxiety, the secure attachment is used to
indicate the distress when mother leaves, resistant attachment show that the intense distress when
the mother leaves and the last avoidant attachment shows no sign of the distress when they
mother leaves. Therefore, in case of stranger anxiety, the secure attachment is used to show the
avoidant of the stranger when they are alone, but friendly when the mother is present, the
resistant attachment indicates avoid the stranger and show fear of the stranger and the last one is

avoidant where infants is fine with the stranger and play normally when the stranger is
communicating and interacting. These are the aspect which is follow within this.
The psychodynamic perspective is usually comprised of some theories that help to explain
normal and pathological personality development in the terms of dynamic of the mind. As per
this, such time usually includes inspirational factors, motivational factors, that affect human
nature and provide relevance towards the unconscious mental process conflict and defense
mechanism. With this, the psychodynamic theories emphasize that they show their importance in
childhood experiences and object relation which is based on understanding personality
development. The most commonly associated with Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory,
whereas the psychodynamic perspective also extends to where the several post theories of
Sigmund schools which include object relation theory and neuro psychoanalysis. The term
psychodynamic is defined as both mind and mental forces which are associated with the
psychological conflict that arises between them (Leiter, Bakker and Maslach, 2018). However,
such forces are included drives and impulses wish effects as well as various mental agencies. In
this, the psychological conflict may arise due to anxiety, depression, sadness, and many more
which acts as a barrier that renders the study of psychoanalysis within the study. This aspect is
followed with the human behavior then it is the helpful aspect to understand the circumstances
and relational approaches of the human behavior for any object or stimulus (HUBSCHER-
DAVIDSON, 2020).
In the context with the nature, the Bowlby defined their fact attachment which is based on
the lasting of psychological connectedness between the human being. In addition to this, the
Bowlby used to propose that is based on the term of attachment which can be understand within
the evolutionary context in that they are used to caregiver that provide aspect of safety and the
security for the term of infants. The long term consequence which is based on the maternal
deprivation which might include the following. Moreover, the Bowlby deprivation hypothesis
which help to suggested that the continual disruption based on the fact of attachment between the
infants and the primary caregiver that include mother that include result in long term cognitive,
social and emotional difficulties which is associated with the infants.
There is a various assumption which is based on the psychodynamic processes based on the
psychological perspective that focuses on the mental process or the forces which are released
from the human interaction or communication. In this, the outcome is analyzed based on the

mental stability of the individual that they produce while they are interacting and communicating
with many people. The main focus of the psychodynamic theory within human behavior is to
understand the psychological tribes and forces within the individual which is helpful to explain
human behavior and their personality. The main strength of the psychodynamic theory of the
perspective is to create a better understanding of human behavior and its nature which is based
on the society or with the specific individual. The theory is usually formulated from Sigmund
Freud’s psychoanalytic which has a main focus on the unconscious mind as the source of
psychological distress and dysfunction. So, the assumption within the psychodynamic
perspective is clear that focus on the experiences of the individual on the different mental stress
that provides relevant to the study (Ring, 2018).
In the context with nurture, the behaviorist perspective used to show the concern with how
environmental factor that is called as stimuli affect the observable behavior which is also called
as the response. Moreover, the behaviorist perspective used to propose two main factor which is
follow the aspect which is helpful to learn from the context of their environment which is namely
classical and operant conditioning.
The humanistic perspective is a defined approach that is based on the psychology that
emphasizes empathy and stress which is based on human behavior in the aspect of social theory.
This approach causes for the human rights and maintaining their quality. It is helpful to
understand human nature and act as a therapy in some of the cases which are associated with
mental illness. This approach allows a psychologist to concentrate on the various ways to
improve their self-image and their self-actualization. Human is an optimistic whole person
theory that has relevance on what makes each unique and different from the other. While taking
the contrast of the humanistic approach with the human behavior, it shows various perspectives
towards the relationship with others which include treating others with empathy and focusing on
their positiveness. For example, friends feel like his or her life is bland. While applying the
humanistic approach, it is helpful to increase the person to find their soul searching and identify
what is missing. It is helpful for the individual to search for their hobby, friendship, or something
else which is necessary to provide excitement and encourage for their life. Moreover, they take
for the person to feel fully self-esteem and confidence when they identify the solution which
reduces the bland behavior. The humanistic perspective is used to follow with the various
assumption that they always built self-esteem of the individual, it is not necessary and in some of

the cases, when the person faces real issues which include mental disorders or any inclusion
factor that is associated with the stress frustration and irritation.
The Pavlov theory in the psychology showing the aspect of behavior which is regulated in
the daily basis with the help to example. In addition, the Pavlov suggested the concept of
salivation that was learned towards the concept of response. In addition, the salivary responses
towards the food is also a behavior which is related with the study of unconditional reflex,
salivating to the expectation of the food in the conditioned reflex.
Whereas, the humanistic theory is based on the people's belief and creates understanding
towards their goals, and reaching these goals is very important by encouraging appropriately.
The humanistic perspective is also incorporated with the various ideas which are based on self-
help that include the notions that a person can be responsible for their happiness. The outcome is
derived and focuses on the result which is eventually happiness and self-actualization.
Sometimes, the cultural differences are not viewed in the humanistic perspective which acts as a
demerit for understanding human nature and their difference that is culturally maintained.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is analyzed that the different perspectives which include
humanistic perspective, psychodynamic perspective, and behaviorism follow the pattern and
aspect of human behavior and provide aspects based on stimulus-response when they are
interacting are communicating. The key consideration of the three perspectives provides
differences that are based on their assumption and show the contrast of building self-
actualization and self-esteem. The similarities and differences are usually minor that play a role
in understanding human behavior with the help of various ways which include the need of
humans based on psychology and understanding their emotions with the help of humanistic and
behaviorism approaches. They play relevance and the formation of key concepts towards human
behavior by determining the psychoanalysis of these perspectives.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
1. Zacher, H., n.d. A psychological perspective.
2. Donelson, E. and Gullahorn, J., 2021. Women. New York: Wiley.
3. Singh, A., 2020. Industrial productivity. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
4. Leiter, M., Bakker, A. and Maslach, C., 2018. Burnout at work. London: Psychology
Press.
5. HUBSCHER-DAVIDSON, S., 2020. TRANSLATION AND EMOTION. [S.l.]:
TAYLOR & FRANCIS.
6. Ring, K., 2018. Psychological perspective on Camille Saint-Saëns. Lewiston, N.Y.: E.
Mellen Press.