Information Systems: Performance, Stakeholders, and System Design

This report provides a detailed analysis of information systems, focusing on key performance indicators such as cycle time from request to delivery and accessible data, which measure efficiency and effectiveness, respectively. It examines the impact of new information systems on stakeholders, highlighting both positive aspects like cost-effectiveness and improved communication, and negative aspects such as implementation costs and security risks. The analysis extends to organizational structure, identifying the 'machine organization' within Mintzberg's classification, characterized by standardization and centralized decision-making. Furthermore, the report addresses potential system failures, particularly correspondence failure, and emphasizes the importance of proper system design and cost-benefit analysis to ensure successful implementation. Desklib offers additional resources and solved assignments for students seeking further assistance.

Running head: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Name of student:
Name of university:
Author’s note:

1INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Answer of question 1:
Cycle time from request to delivery is one of the major indicators of performance
criteria of efficiency. The vital measure of the performance of an internal business
development is referred as the cycle time from request to delivery. Cycle time of delivery is
the measure of time engaged during the duration of receiving an order from a customer to the
time when the completed order is shipped. Customers likes to have their product as quickly as
possible and so this is a major concern for the service providers. The company achieves a
significant advantage if the company is successful in cutting down the cycle time of delivery.
Average cycle time is the measure of time that the car service takes responsibility of a request
to the time it delivers the request (Bajdor & Grabara, 2014).
Accessible data is the measure of performance criteria of effectiveness. This
determines and guarantees the accessibility of data to the proper users with authorisation. The
effective accessibility of data of the customers provides the car services business to give
updated and reliable data to the supervisors for proper monitoring of the clients.
Transformation efficiency is the measure of efficacy of a new information system.
The intent of the new information system to meet the expected outcome if the major measure
of efficacy.
Answer of question 2:
The positive impact of the new information system on the stakeholders can be grouped as:
1. Cost effectiveness and productivity: the information that are provided to the
stakeholders are improved with the help of new information system and this new
system introduces more effective operation for the company.
2. Communication: the communication between the employees of the organisation or the
communication between the employees and the stakeholders are significantly

2INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
improved. The stakeholders can monitor the organisational needs and implement
required features for increased productivity.
The negative impact can be grouped as:
1. Cost of implementation: the new information system has a significant high
implementation cost, so proper budget planning is necessary for successful
implementation of the information system.
2. Security related issues: the new information system introduces the use of
computerised system and so this system brings the threat of cyber-security.
The positive impact of the new information system on the organisation can be categorised as:
1. New job opportunities: There can be a significant rise in the job opportunities for the
organisation. The new information system introduces several job opportunities as
there is an increase in the need of maintenance and handling of the automated system.
2. Globalisation aspects: There can be a significant reduction in the cultural gap within
the employees of the organisation. The new information system produces the chance
of interconnectivity among the users in various geographical locations (Demir &
Krajewski, 2013).
The negative impact can be classified as:
 Dominance of culture: when several employees with various cultural background
work under the same roof or on the same platform, there is an increase in the threat of
dominance of one culture over another.
Answer of question 3:
The form of organisation that is discovered after an analysis of the Mintzberg’s
classification is the machine organisation (Dwivedi et al., 2013).

3INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
The machine organisation can be defined by the means of standardisation. A
formalised method of conducting business is maintained with the help of several procedures
and routines. The implementation of centralisation of decision-making within the
organisation is achieved and all the tasks are grouped for the individuals of the organisation
by the functional department. Planning process is maintained formally with clear audits and
budgets. The jobs and tasks for each employee is clearly defined. A tight vertical structure is
maintained in the machine organisation. Functional lines assists in creating a centralised
control that is maintained by the top managers. The business is dependent on the scale
economies for success, which makes the business efficient.
Answer of question 4:
Correspondence failure can be predicted from the critical analysis of the Lyytinen and
Hirschheim’s categories of system failure (Tikkanen, 2015).
When the design of the system are not met according to the expectations, then the new
system design is considered a failure. The measurement of achievements can be executed
effectively with the help of proper determination of requirements and the design goals. The
managerial control is implemented with the help of performance measures that are majorly
based on the cost benefit analysis. The aspects of correspondence disappointment, and goal-
seeking in viewpoint does not inclines to distinguish that the users do not procure the systems
that might encounter design purposed and specifications.
The methods of ensuring system success is the process of proper designing of the
structure of the system. Proper cost benefit analysis is necessary for ensuring proper
implementation of new information system.

4INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Bibliography
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Dwivedi, Y. K., Ravichandran, K., Williams, M. D., Miller, S., Lal, B., Antony, G. V., &
Kartik, M. (2013, June). IS/IT project failures: a review of the extant literature for
deriving a taxonomy of failure factors. In International Working Conference on
Transfer and Diffusion of IT (pp. 73-88). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Tikkanen, I. (2015). Typology of the Four Theoretical Perspectives on Competitive
Advantage: Mirror of Effectiveness and Efficiency.