International Relations: Analyzing the Syrian Crisis and its Impacts
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This essay delves into the multifaceted Syrian conflict, examining its origins, the involvement of major international players such as the United States and Russia, and its implications for global politics. The analysis highlights the role of power dynamics, ideological conflicts, and humanitarian crises in shaping the conflict. The essay explores the complexities of the situation, including the impact of Western intervention, the rise of extremist groups, and the challenges in achieving a lasting resolution. It also assesses various approaches to resolving the conflict, including political negotiations, military interventions, and counterterrorism strategies. The essay draws upon academic sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Syrian conflict and its enduring consequences, emphasizing the need for a nuanced and multifaceted approach to address this complex international issue. The document analyzes the involvement of various international actors, including the United Nations, and discusses the economic and social factors that have contributed to the conflict, such as unemployment and dissatisfaction with the government. The conclusion emphasizes the need for a lasting solution and the EU's role in addressing the humanitarian crisis.
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Running head: International relations 1
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Running head: International relations 2
Introduction
The philosophy of Level-headedness, which is stressed in the all-pervading of supremacy
and the competition amid states in ecosphere politics, has developed a persuasive department of
thought since the termination of Second Ecosphere Warfare. It stood that the Arab springs in the
Middle East that is initiating an extensive objection in contradiction of leader Bashar al –Assad
and his regime. Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J. (2017). The Syrians military established a pillar of
reservoirs to finish the anti-government drive. It rapidly intensified into a soldierly battles as well
as a civic war, the Islamic Government of al-sham and Iraq procured gain of the Syria Civil War
to surmount Syria regions. Similarly the Western interfering has ended it no lengthier in civic
conflict, but fight among prodigious supremacies in its place. Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J.
(2017).
Problems
Power performances supremacy
The new-fangled Ecosphere Directive endorsed by the previous Us President George
Bush springs the implication of universal supremacy. Excessive supremacy can be well-defined
as a state that has excellent soldierly and monetary asset, and really theatres a key character,
frequently conclusive, in global matters. Excessive supremacy has authority to refusal, bargain-
basement and control the last outcomes. They can control the state-run of matters by their
authoritative status. Syria is a battleground amid Russia besides the US. February 2012, China
and Russia banned the Western supported Arab resolve, calling on president Bashar al-Assad to
quit U.N. Security Council. Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J. (2017). Us was annoyed by their
resolve accused them of hiding Bashar al-Assad’s assassination. But China and Russia
Introduction
The philosophy of Level-headedness, which is stressed in the all-pervading of supremacy
and the competition amid states in ecosphere politics, has developed a persuasive department of
thought since the termination of Second Ecosphere Warfare. It stood that the Arab springs in the
Middle East that is initiating an extensive objection in contradiction of leader Bashar al –Assad
and his regime. Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J. (2017). The Syrians military established a pillar of
reservoirs to finish the anti-government drive. It rapidly intensified into a soldierly battles as well
as a civic war, the Islamic Government of al-sham and Iraq procured gain of the Syria Civil War
to surmount Syria regions. Similarly the Western interfering has ended it no lengthier in civic
conflict, but fight among prodigious supremacies in its place. Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J.
(2017).
Problems
Power performances supremacy
The new-fangled Ecosphere Directive endorsed by the previous Us President George
Bush springs the implication of universal supremacy. Excessive supremacy can be well-defined
as a state that has excellent soldierly and monetary asset, and really theatres a key character,
frequently conclusive, in global matters. Excessive supremacy has authority to refusal, bargain-
basement and control the last outcomes. They can control the state-run of matters by their
authoritative status. Syria is a battleground amid Russia besides the US. February 2012, China
and Russia banned the Western supported Arab resolve, calling on president Bashar al-Assad to
quit U.N. Security Council. Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J. (2017). Us was annoyed by their
resolve accused them of hiding Bashar al-Assad’s assassination. But China and Russia

Running head: International relations 3
performed in egotism since Russia planned to reserve its effect in the area through soldierly
stalemates with Syria while China despised to dominion all the time. Syrian disaster is no
lengthier a morally interior stuff. In its place China and Russia articulated their benefits in the
Middle East over their rejections.
Disunity
Syrian civic conflicts started in 2011. The illogicality of resolutions amid nation’s chiefs
to the unresolved Syrian disaster. The central source of the never ending Syrian calamity, is
Western interfering. US presented soldierly exercise providing a great number of soldierly funds
so as to distinguish the supremacy of the differing camp site, whereas Russia providing soldierly
and monetary help to Syrian army. Gabiam, N. (2016) The Second World War brought a
relationship between US and Syria. This relation was shaped by politics conflicts and cold war 5
of Arab-Israel after 11 September bout. US planned to friend with Syria in fight against
terrorism. Syrians long upended aggression to US and Syria collaboration contrary to Bush and
Al-Qaeda government rejected a congress mandible introduction approvals in Syria at the
conclusion of shimmering moderate steady US and Syria relationship. Gabiam, N. (2016)
Nevertheless, Hezbollah actions on Israeli boundary brought fear between US and Syria.
US led conflicts besides Iraq which was starting point. Syria didn’t join US association besides
Iraq but developed an unwritten enemy of the combat. Gabiam, N. (2016) Western funded
system endangered Russian in the eldest most significant association per the Middle East. It was
amassed uncertainties of Western thoughts that Russia buoyed Bashar Assad’s rule. Outstanding
of the Syrians-Russians armaments agreements, Russia is gradually repelling global compression
to consent in contradiction of the Assad rule. Back in 2015 Russia recommended that Syrian
performed in egotism since Russia planned to reserve its effect in the area through soldierly
stalemates with Syria while China despised to dominion all the time. Syrian disaster is no
lengthier a morally interior stuff. In its place China and Russia articulated their benefits in the
Middle East over their rejections.
Disunity
Syrian civic conflicts started in 2011. The illogicality of resolutions amid nation’s chiefs
to the unresolved Syrian disaster. The central source of the never ending Syrian calamity, is
Western interfering. US presented soldierly exercise providing a great number of soldierly funds
so as to distinguish the supremacy of the differing camp site, whereas Russia providing soldierly
and monetary help to Syrian army. Gabiam, N. (2016) The Second World War brought a
relationship between US and Syria. This relation was shaped by politics conflicts and cold war 5
of Arab-Israel after 11 September bout. US planned to friend with Syria in fight against
terrorism. Syrians long upended aggression to US and Syria collaboration contrary to Bush and
Al-Qaeda government rejected a congress mandible introduction approvals in Syria at the
conclusion of shimmering moderate steady US and Syria relationship. Gabiam, N. (2016)
Nevertheless, Hezbollah actions on Israeli boundary brought fear between US and Syria.
US led conflicts besides Iraq which was starting point. Syria didn’t join US association besides
Iraq but developed an unwritten enemy of the combat. Gabiam, N. (2016) Western funded
system endangered Russian in the eldest most significant association per the Middle East. It was
amassed uncertainties of Western thoughts that Russia buoyed Bashar Assad’s rule. Outstanding
of the Syrians-Russians armaments agreements, Russia is gradually repelling global compression
to consent in contradiction of the Assad rule. Back in 2015 Russia recommended that Syrian

Running head: International relations 4
antagonism clusters strapped for the independent revolt with the Western and US friends led to
Syria civic warfare.
Russia unrelenting to backing the Syria rule due to the countrywide welfares in the extended run.
In fact Syria was battleground between Russia and US. Osoegawa, T. (2013). The united and
Russian soldierly additional fuel in the Syrian Domestic fighting. This extended the fissure
amongst Syrian resistance groups and the Syrian Domestic Fighting. They extended the slit amid
Syrian resistance clusters and the Syria rule, triggering the boundless Syrian catastrophe.
Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Irregular Economy
Syria’s budget earlier the Syrian Civil Warfare was from faultless. High joblessness and the
deficiency of household basic essentials, much hatred was to the administration, for they would
have done something to recover the budget. Syrian people were not satisfied thus triggered
discontent and donated to the start of Syrian war. Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Privileges of Syrians
Numerous trust that the war in Syria would not have steered to war if the twofold sides could
have gotten a negotiation. Instead, Assad’s response to the demonstrations that stormed in Syrian
capitals was to spell to demonstrators. This infuriated the previously incensed protesters, and,
because they appealed that Assad ought to be detached because of his autocratic nature, Assad’s
activities actually added drive to their reason. Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Effective ways to finish Syrian war
antagonism clusters strapped for the independent revolt with the Western and US friends led to
Syria civic warfare.
Russia unrelenting to backing the Syria rule due to the countrywide welfares in the extended run.
In fact Syria was battleground between Russia and US. Osoegawa, T. (2013). The united and
Russian soldierly additional fuel in the Syrian Domestic fighting. This extended the fissure
amongst Syrian resistance groups and the Syrian Domestic Fighting. They extended the slit amid
Syrian resistance clusters and the Syria rule, triggering the boundless Syrian catastrophe.
Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Irregular Economy
Syria’s budget earlier the Syrian Civil Warfare was from faultless. High joblessness and the
deficiency of household basic essentials, much hatred was to the administration, for they would
have done something to recover the budget. Syrian people were not satisfied thus triggered
discontent and donated to the start of Syrian war. Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Privileges of Syrians
Numerous trust that the war in Syria would not have steered to war if the twofold sides could
have gotten a negotiation. Instead, Assad’s response to the demonstrations that stormed in Syrian
capitals was to spell to demonstrators. This infuriated the previously incensed protesters, and,
because they appealed that Assad ought to be detached because of his autocratic nature, Assad’s
activities actually added drive to their reason. Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Effective ways to finish Syrian war
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Running head: International relations 5
Syrians zone of control could be an effective way of handling the issue. Any effort to reduce the
Syrian war and grasp a political reimbursement must start with an acknowledgement of varying
self-motivated on the lands. Osoegawa, T. (2013). Evolving on the overlying battlegrounds of
the counter-ISIS and anti-Assad movements in Syria have successfully split Syria into six
separate region: Assad’s statelet; al Qaeda’s northwestern anchorage; northern Syria, alienated
among Turkey and the Kurds; ISSIS-held eastern Syria; a modest antagonism bumper reinforced
by Jordan and Israel in the southwest. Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Appealing Iran
Determining the Syrian conflict determination needs president Trump to move outside his
ease zone in extra reverence: the Trump government will partake to dialogue to Iran. Trump has
criticized in contradiction of the Iran nuclear arrangement and placed Iran on warning for its
airborne projectile tests and other threatening performance. Osoegawa, T. (2013). And both
clerk of state-run Tillerson and clerk of Security Jim Mattis have completed clear openly that
they aim to lure a firm line concerning Iran’s threatening conduct in the state. The president has
exposed no craving to determining rigidities with Tehran over dialogue-but in Syria, he has
diminutive choice.
. Reinforce the counterterrorism
Solidification, the counterterrorism method to flop ISIS and al-Qaida. The elected
president made it visible in his quota that he wants extra enthusiastically counter ISIS. Ferris, E.
G., & Kirişci, K. (2016). A steel-clad counterterrorism way would likely hold aims JFS,
educating the intellect assortment, strengthening U.S. and area planned militaries attendance and
Syrians zone of control could be an effective way of handling the issue. Any effort to reduce the
Syrian war and grasp a political reimbursement must start with an acknowledgement of varying
self-motivated on the lands. Osoegawa, T. (2013). Evolving on the overlying battlegrounds of
the counter-ISIS and anti-Assad movements in Syria have successfully split Syria into six
separate region: Assad’s statelet; al Qaeda’s northwestern anchorage; northern Syria, alienated
among Turkey and the Kurds; ISSIS-held eastern Syria; a modest antagonism bumper reinforced
by Jordan and Israel in the southwest. Osoegawa, T. (2013).
Appealing Iran
Determining the Syrian conflict determination needs president Trump to move outside his
ease zone in extra reverence: the Trump government will partake to dialogue to Iran. Trump has
criticized in contradiction of the Iran nuclear arrangement and placed Iran on warning for its
airborne projectile tests and other threatening performance. Osoegawa, T. (2013). And both
clerk of state-run Tillerson and clerk of Security Jim Mattis have completed clear openly that
they aim to lure a firm line concerning Iran’s threatening conduct in the state. The president has
exposed no craving to determining rigidities with Tehran over dialogue-but in Syria, he has
diminutive choice.
. Reinforce the counterterrorism
Solidification, the counterterrorism method to flop ISIS and al-Qaida. The elected
president made it visible in his quota that he wants extra enthusiastically counter ISIS. Ferris, E.
G., & Kirişci, K. (2016). A steel-clad counterterrorism way would likely hold aims JFS,
educating the intellect assortment, strengthening U.S. and area planned militaries attendance and

Running head: International relations 6
power enablers in Syria, and increasing airborne attacks on ISIS in Raqqa, Syria, and in Mosul,
Iraq, to other positively crush ISIS with grater active organization. Ferris, E. G., & Kirişci, K.
(2016). The United Nation power first-class to cooperate with Russia and Assad (and thus Iran)
to finish ISIS and JFS as these nations strength offer ground intelligent and militaries .This
technique might reduce immediate radical intimidations and achieve a main strategy goalmouth
of the inward government. The possible disadvantage is that it individuality, and communal
subtleties that crop terrorists. Ferris, E. G., & Kirişci, K. (2016).
In other arguments, for all terrorist we imprisonment or murder, three can take their
dwelling, mainly if there is no effort to grip terrain or capitalize in a governmental solution or
better supremacy. Such a rule would certainly deteriorate charitable circumstances, as Assad
ought to be bright to comprehensively target citizens with exemption under the appearance of
opposing terrorism. Lawson, F. H. (2012). The United States would be understood well in these
actions and by mode of a companion to Iran, Assad, and Russia, promote exacerbating longer-
period Sunni extremist activities beside the West. This would danger main blowback from
provincial Arab allies, in additional significances such as Gulf and Israeli well-being plus
determination towards compression Iran hooked on standardizing besides heart-rending left from
its chase of nuclear armaments. This tactic likewise flops towards comprise spillover things, plus
to option that war changes crossways boundaries, radical cluster exfiltration plus, expatriate
drifts hooked on nearby states and Europe. Lawson, F. H. (2012).
Conduct large scale soldierly involvement to compression
This optimal includes the utmost withdrawal from the rank quo and ought to necessitate
substantial resourcing plus obligation besides a possible poll of confirmation from Assembly.
power enablers in Syria, and increasing airborne attacks on ISIS in Raqqa, Syria, and in Mosul,
Iraq, to other positively crush ISIS with grater active organization. Ferris, E. G., & Kirişci, K.
(2016). The United Nation power first-class to cooperate with Russia and Assad (and thus Iran)
to finish ISIS and JFS as these nations strength offer ground intelligent and militaries .This
technique might reduce immediate radical intimidations and achieve a main strategy goalmouth
of the inward government. The possible disadvantage is that it individuality, and communal
subtleties that crop terrorists. Ferris, E. G., & Kirişci, K. (2016).
In other arguments, for all terrorist we imprisonment or murder, three can take their
dwelling, mainly if there is no effort to grip terrain or capitalize in a governmental solution or
better supremacy. Such a rule would certainly deteriorate charitable circumstances, as Assad
ought to be bright to comprehensively target citizens with exemption under the appearance of
opposing terrorism. Lawson, F. H. (2012). The United States would be understood well in these
actions and by mode of a companion to Iran, Assad, and Russia, promote exacerbating longer-
period Sunni extremist activities beside the West. This would danger main blowback from
provincial Arab allies, in additional significances such as Gulf and Israeli well-being plus
determination towards compression Iran hooked on standardizing besides heart-rending left from
its chase of nuclear armaments. This tactic likewise flops towards comprise spillover things, plus
to option that war changes crossways boundaries, radical cluster exfiltration plus, expatriate
drifts hooked on nearby states and Europe. Lawson, F. H. (2012).
Conduct large scale soldierly involvement to compression
This optimal includes the utmost withdrawal from the rank quo and ought to necessitate
substantial resourcing plus obligation besides a possible poll of confirmation from Assembly.

Running head: International relations 7
U.S. involvement might gross the method of applying no –fly regions, safe region, improved
upkeep for Syrian insurgents and necessary actions and direct strikes on Assad regime targets.
Lawson, F. H. (2012). Nearly entirely of these kinds of interventions needs a greater ground
potency obligation to implement a conversion of soldierly equilibrium, compression Assad, also
generate an innocuous zone for charitable retorts labors. Going on the high culmination of
ground strength necessities underneath those decisions, up towards 30000 ground militaries
possibly will be compulsory in the direction of protecting and to secure a benign region. This
volume would cover native Syrian, county, and U.S. and alliance groups. Lawson, F. H. (2012).
Hunt a discussed political result to eliminate Assad
President-elect and his counsellors have articulated sincerity to allocating through Russia
but seem to need a hard-hitting pathway against Iran. And in Syria, the situation is to be resolved
firm to follow both goalmouths. Iran spirit essential is to be on panel through some political
contract concerning Syria if such a contract is towards tolerate. M. N. (2015). It is improbable
that the Russians clutch sufficient influence ended Iran to oblige collaboration or that Iran
willpower essentially realize the elimination of Assad as in its warning.
Washington willpower to possible want to assume variety of tactics, plus bribes and
firewood, to dominance Russia and Iran to arise towards the bench. The situation is uncertain
accurately whatever the accurate combination will became, nevertheless it is possible willpower
necessity a more widespread alliance of associates plus allies. For example, Europe and United
State can deliver authorizations release to Russian compelling Assad to consent. M. N.
(2015). This might contain unconcealed and change compression to Assad himself and his
innermost loop, counting ornamental monetary compression, data and cyber processes, or
U.S. involvement might gross the method of applying no –fly regions, safe region, improved
upkeep for Syrian insurgents and necessary actions and direct strikes on Assad regime targets.
Lawson, F. H. (2012). Nearly entirely of these kinds of interventions needs a greater ground
potency obligation to implement a conversion of soldierly equilibrium, compression Assad, also
generate an innocuous zone for charitable retorts labors. Going on the high culmination of
ground strength necessities underneath those decisions, up towards 30000 ground militaries
possibly will be compulsory in the direction of protecting and to secure a benign region. This
volume would cover native Syrian, county, and U.S. and alliance groups. Lawson, F. H. (2012).
Hunt a discussed political result to eliminate Assad
President-elect and his counsellors have articulated sincerity to allocating through Russia
but seem to need a hard-hitting pathway against Iran. And in Syria, the situation is to be resolved
firm to follow both goalmouths. Iran spirit essential is to be on panel through some political
contract concerning Syria if such a contract is towards tolerate. M. N. (2015). It is improbable
that the Russians clutch sufficient influence ended Iran to oblige collaboration or that Iran
willpower essentially realize the elimination of Assad as in its warning.
Washington willpower to possible want to assume variety of tactics, plus bribes and
firewood, to dominance Russia and Iran to arise towards the bench. The situation is uncertain
accurately whatever the accurate combination will became, nevertheless it is possible willpower
necessity a more widespread alliance of associates plus allies. For example, Europe and United
State can deliver authorizations release to Russian compelling Assad to consent. M. N.
(2015). This might contain unconcealed and change compression to Assad himself and his
innermost loop, counting ornamental monetary compression, data and cyber processes, or
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Running head: International relations 8
perhaps partial bombings on Syrian air headquarters to powdered Syrian air spells. M. N.
(2015).
Conclusion
The war trend in Syria plus griefs of the Syrian persons displays no symbol of reduction.
The balance of catastrophe, having slayed men and both kids and women evacuated inside the
country led millions running away into neighboring countries, also in other republics, is now the
world’s major humanitarian catastrophe, with no parallel in recent history. Mabon, S. (2016).
The EU, as the prime donor, has demonstrated its willingness and commitment to do what it can
to alleviate the humanitarian consequences.
As the catastrophe increases there is an urgent need to find a lasting solution that will
end this conflict. We request on Syria revelries to display a pure and existing obligation to the
UN led procedure and to partake aggressively in the occupied clusters. Mabon, S. (2016). The
EU emphasizes the earnestness for the modest partisan resistance and allied equipped assemblies
to unite overdue mutual tactic in mandate towards existing an alternate to the Syrian persons.
These labors needs to be comprehensive relating females and civilian civilization. Zheng, Y.
(2016).
EU willpower withstand its backing towards the modest hostility, plus SOC, and
remembrances that it is an energetic component in struggling radicalism and has main part to
perform in the political change. We long all those with impact on parties, excluding the Syrian
administration, to practice this impact to inspire a productive character in the development
principal to governmental power plus to finish sequence of violence. Zheng, Y. (2016).
perhaps partial bombings on Syrian air headquarters to powdered Syrian air spells. M. N.
(2015).
Conclusion
The war trend in Syria plus griefs of the Syrian persons displays no symbol of reduction.
The balance of catastrophe, having slayed men and both kids and women evacuated inside the
country led millions running away into neighboring countries, also in other republics, is now the
world’s major humanitarian catastrophe, with no parallel in recent history. Mabon, S. (2016).
The EU, as the prime donor, has demonstrated its willingness and commitment to do what it can
to alleviate the humanitarian consequences.
As the catastrophe increases there is an urgent need to find a lasting solution that will
end this conflict. We request on Syria revelries to display a pure and existing obligation to the
UN led procedure and to partake aggressively in the occupied clusters. Mabon, S. (2016). The
EU emphasizes the earnestness for the modest partisan resistance and allied equipped assemblies
to unite overdue mutual tactic in mandate towards existing an alternate to the Syrian persons.
These labors needs to be comprehensive relating females and civilian civilization. Zheng, Y.
(2016).
EU willpower withstand its backing towards the modest hostility, plus SOC, and
remembrances that it is an energetic component in struggling radicalism and has main part to
perform in the political change. We long all those with impact on parties, excluding the Syrian
administration, to practice this impact to inspire a productive character in the development
principal to governmental power plus to finish sequence of violence. Zheng, Y. (2016).

Running head: International relations 9
References
Ferris, E. G., & Kirişci, K. (2016). The Consequences of Chaos: Syria, Humanitarian
Crisis and the Failure to Protect. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press.
Gabiam, N. (2016). The politics of suffering: Syria's Palestinian refugee camps.
Goldsmith, L. T. (2015). Cycle of fear: Syria's Alawites in war and peace.
Kozhanov, N., & GERLACH PRESS Islamic Studies. (2016). Russia and the
Syrian Conflict: Moscow's Domestic, Regional and Strategic Interests.
Lawson, F. H. (2012). Demystifying Syria. New York: Saqi.
M. N. (2015). The Syria-Iran axis: Cultural diplomacy and international relations in
the Middle East.
Mabon, S. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Power and rivalry in the Middle East
Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J. (2017). Transnational actors in war and peace:
Militants, activists, and corporations in world politics.
Oktav, O. Z., Parlar, D. E., & Kurşun, A. M. (2018). Violent non-state actors and
the Syrian Civil War: The ISIS and YPG cases.
References
Ferris, E. G., & Kirişci, K. (2016). The Consequences of Chaos: Syria, Humanitarian
Crisis and the Failure to Protect. Washington, D.C: Brookings Institution Press.
Gabiam, N. (2016). The politics of suffering: Syria's Palestinian refugee camps.
Goldsmith, L. T. (2015). Cycle of fear: Syria's Alawites in war and peace.
Kozhanov, N., & GERLACH PRESS Islamic Studies. (2016). Russia and the
Syrian Conflict: Moscow's Domestic, Regional and Strategic Interests.
Lawson, F. H. (2012). Demystifying Syria. New York: Saqi.
M. N. (2015). The Syria-Iran axis: Cultural diplomacy and international relations in
the Middle East.
Mabon, S. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Power and rivalry in the Middle East
Malet, D., & Anderson, M. J. (2017). Transnational actors in war and peace:
Militants, activists, and corporations in world politics.
Oktav, O. Z., Parlar, D. E., & Kurşun, A. M. (2018). Violent non-state actors and
the Syrian Civil War: The ISIS and YPG cases.

Running head: International relations 10
Osoegawa, T. (2013). Syria and Lebanon: International relations and diplomacy in
the Middle East.
Salamandra, C., & Stenberg, L. (2015). Syria from reform to revolt, vol. 2: Culture,
society, and religion. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
Tesón, F. R., & Van, V. B. (2017). Debating humanitarian intervention: Should we
try to save strangers?
Utku, D. E., Unutulmaz, K. O., & Sirkeci, I. (2017). Turkey's Syrians: Today and
tomorrow.
Zheng, Y. (2016). China's foreign policy: Challenges and prospects.
Osoegawa, T. (2013). Syria and Lebanon: International relations and diplomacy in
the Middle East.
Salamandra, C., & Stenberg, L. (2015). Syria from reform to revolt, vol. 2: Culture,
society, and religion. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.
Tesón, F. R., & Van, V. B. (2017). Debating humanitarian intervention: Should we
try to save strangers?
Utku, D. E., Unutulmaz, K. O., & Sirkeci, I. (2017). Turkey's Syrians: Today and
tomorrow.
Zheng, Y. (2016). China's foreign policy: Challenges and prospects.
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