Anatomy and Physiology: Dermis, Skeletal System, and Functions

This assignment delves into the anatomy and physiology of the human body, specifically focusing on the dermis and skeletal system. The assignment begins by describing the structure of the dermis, which is the thickest layer of the skin, composed of collagen and other extracellular factors. It then outlines the three main functions of the dermis: protecting inner structures, regulating body temperature, and facilitating sensation. The assignment also details the role of sweat glands and sebaceous glands within the dermis. The second part of the assignment describes the skeletal system, highlighting its role in providing structural support, enabling movement, and protecting internal organs. It further explains how the skeletal system stores essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus, and plays a crucial role in blood formation within the bone marrow. The assignment concludes by emphasizing the interconnectedness of the skeletal and circulatory systems in maintaining normal bodily functions. References are provided for further reading on the extracellular matrix of the dermis and the structure and function of skeletal muscle.

Anatomy and physiology
1. Describe the structure and functions of the dermis
The dermis is the second layer of the skin which is considered as the thickest layer out of
three. The dermis is the middle layer stands between the epidermis and subcutaneous tissues.
The dermis is formed by the tough structure which composes of collagen, flexible tissues and
various other extracellular factors (Krieg, & Aumailley, 2011).
The dermis has three important functions. The dermis protects the inner structures from
external temperature and infection. Body temperature is regulated by the middle of the skin.
The sensation is the main function of the dermis.
The dermis is the middle layer of the skin which supports the epidermis and subcutaneous
tissue (Krieg, & Aumailley, 2011). The dermis has sweat glands which ensure that the body
waste is excreted through sweat. Sebaceous glands in the dermis secrete the sebum which
protects the skin and hair.
2. Describe the major function of the skeletal system
The skeletal system comprises of bones and cartilages which gives the structure to the human
body. The bones and cartilages support the body and enhance the smooth movement of the
body. The internal organs are protected by the structure of bones (Gillies, & Lieber, 2011).
The skeletal system stores the essential minerals which are vital for the metabolic function.
99% of the body’s calcium and 85% of phosphorus are stored in the bones. The skeletal
system plays a vital role in maintaining normal mineral levels.
One of the major functions of the skeletal system is blood formation. Red blood cells, white
blood cells and platelets are produced in the marrow of the bones (Gillies, & Lieber, 2011).
The bones function along with the circulatory system of the body to ensure normal body
function.

References
Gillies, A. R., & Lieber, R. L. (2011). Structure and function of the skeletal muscle
extracellular matrix. Muscle & nerve, 44(3), 318-331
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/mus.22094
Krieg, T., & Aumailley, M. (2011). The extracellular matrix of the dermis: flexible structures
with dynamic functions. Experimental dermatology, 20(8), 689-695.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01313.x