Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Human Movement: A Biological Report

This report delves into the debilitating effects of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on human movement, focusing on the intricate interplay between cellular processes, whole-organism anatomy, and physiology. It begins with an introduction to anatomy and physiology, emphasizing their importance in understanding health and disease. The main body of the report addresses the central question: how MS restricts movement. It details the cellular processes involved, particularly the damage to myelin sheaths, and the subsequent disruption of nerve impulses. The report explains the impact of MS on human movement, including symptoms like muscle spasms and fatigue, and the ways in which the disease affects daily life and relationships. Finally, it explores the interaction of whole-organism anatomy, physiology, and cellular processes, emphasizing their interconnectedness for survival and function. The conclusion summarizes the key findings, reinforcing the understanding of MS as a complex disease that significantly impairs human movement.

Anatomy and
physiology

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Question: How does multiple sclerosis limit human movement?...................................................3
Cellular processes and Multiple sclerosis....................................................................................3
Impact of Multiple sclerosis on human movement......................................................................4
Explain how cellular processes, whole organism and physiology interact with each other........5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Anatomy and physiology is the field of study that helps in gaining knowledge regarding the
several aspects of life. It is an understanding not only regarding the fundamental for the career in
health profession but also for the benefit of an individual’s health. Moreover, it is useful for
human body in terms of understanding several aspects regarding medications, nutrition and
suitable procedure which is useful in order to understand the genetic and infectious diseases
(Tortora & Derrickson, 2018) Anatomy and physiology undertake the suitable structure and
function of human body by undertaking several factors regarding the cells, tissues and
membranes that helps in making up the body and describe how the system function is useful for
people in terms of growing and staying healthy. Anatomy is the effective structure and
relationship among the suitable body parts whereas physiology depict the suitable function of
body parts and body as a whole by undertaking specific specializations.

MAIN BODY
Question: How does multiple sclerosis limit human movement?
Cellular processes and Multiple sclerosis
Figure 1 Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is defined as the disabling disease which is associated of the brain and
spinal cord which is in central nervous system. In this, the immune system attacks the protective
sheath of myelin which usually covers the nerve fibre and causes communication issue between
the brain and other body parts. This disease is caused by permanent damage the nerve. It depicts

the clinical expressions of multiple sclerosis that varies among the patients who depend on
suitable location that impact the nerve fibres which is the most common symptom include the
sensory loss, motor spinal cord, autonomic spinal cord symptoms, cerebellar symptoms, optic
neuritis and other eye symptoms (Scanlon & Sanders, 2018). Multiple sclerosis takes different
courses among their patients in which the most common is relapsing and remitting suitable
courses in which the flare ups are of neurological disabilities that occur from time to time which
is being followed by the complete or partial recovery that make effective progress.
The causes of the multiple sclerosis are unknown. As per this, it is derived as autoimmune
disease which the body factor of immune attack it wo tissue. In addition to this, the immune
system malfunction destroys the fatty substance which coat and protect the nerve fibre in brain
and spinal cords. Most of the patients undertake the progressive course which is being taken
from the beginning of clinically manifested Multiple sclerosis and it is termed as primary
progressive. There are several patients who are rarely being attacked by the disease and also
show complete recovery by describing the course of Multiple sclerosis which is also termed as
benign. This disease is heterogeneous as per the histopathological findings in Multiple sclerosis
patients. It leads to depict the epidemiological data the undertake both genetic and environmental
factors which is being essential for the aetiology and also known as some major
histocompatibility complex that leads to increase the risk for Multiple sclerosis. Furthermore,
within the healthy body nerve fibres need to be protective considering the fatty rich protein the
leads to cover by knowing as myelin.
It tends to cover insulates the nerve fibres which is being similar with the insulating rubber
covering the electric wire. For this, Myelin permit for the effective and uninterrupted flow of
nerve impulses that leads to enable the body in order to send vital instructions from the side of
brain to the several part of body. In regard of this, Lymphocytes are the different types of white
blood cell that plays an important role for the overall defence system of body as it depicts the
another type of white blood cell which is being represented as macrophage and it work as the
ingest and destroy foreign substances (Reece & Rowe, 2017). Hence, it represents several areas
of damaged myelin that no longer insulate nerve to leave unprotected areas which undertake the
suitable flow of nerve impulses are interrupted.

Impact of Multiple sclerosis on human movement
In this the pain is acting due to the neurological condition which may be due to the
secondary condition. As per this, the musculoskeletal issue is resulting from the altered posture
or spasticity. In this, it includes muscle cramps, spasms, tremors and stiffness are common
symptoms for the multiple sclerosis. In addition, medication is prescribed to treat spasticity and
tremors.
Figure 2 impact of MS
The multiple sclerosis is an incurable disease of the central nervous system that leads to
irritates the myelin and also cause plaques or lesions to appear that impact optic nerves. This
disease is prominently impact white females in terms of living in temperate regions of the world
and the cause of it is not much known for the genetic and environmental factors which are being
involved. It is the inherited disease and also leads to suggest that the genetic factors are
effectively involved as for Multiple sclerosis is quite common among the people of Northern
European ancestry (Coad, Pedley & Dunstall, 2019). It leads to impact the human body and their

movement by considering fatigue and describe the side effective of nervous system and its
damage which is the most common symptoms of Multiple sclerosis.
For this, suitable strategies are developed undertaking the pacing factor as an individual
need to pace themselves by aware regarding their limits and not try to exceed them. Individuals
also need to conserve energy in order to make changes around their working environment and
also undertake their daily schedule in order to neglect wasting energy. It put negative impact on
the relationships of individuals as a person face struggle in terms of their disease by this they
might face fear for their future and also suffers from the low esteem due to the physical changes
which they are currently experiencing. Multiple sclerosis leads to generate problem with sexual
arousal in terms of targeting any part of nervous system that leads to impact the nerves of the
reproductive system that occur changes within the sexual functioning. Furthermore, slowed
arousal time leads to eliminate desire and also alter orgasmic response which is not much
common regarding the suitable experience.
For this, fatigue leads to dampens sexual desire. As most of the people are feeling suitable
struggle in Multiple sclerosis regarding their depression as it leads to impact the overall quality
of relationship and cause the sex drive to drop. It depicts the one and effective communication
which is important and also required in terms of helping couple to come in order to face several
challenges of Multiple sclerosis. It also tends to impact prominent experience of people
undertaking the symptoms that negatively impact the sexuality by undertaking several symptoms
like heat tolerance, fatigue, pain or changes in sensation, issues regarding the attention and
concentration (Boore, Cook & Shepherd, 2016). For this, people need suitable medications that
leads to impact the sexuality and sexual response. It also tends to impact fertility concept as
contraception should be practiced if someone want to neglect pregnancy. For this, suitable
problems are required and also discussed in terms of effective planning undertaking the disease
of partner and their progression by which they feel more physically capable in order to deal with
the demands of child in terms of both short and long terms. It also impacts the frequent urination
and high temperature in any sort of pain.
Explain how cellular processes, whole organism and physiology interact with each other.
 Whole organism anatomy: whole organism is nothing but an organism which is a bundle
of molecules working as a more or less strong but as whole embodies the characteristics
of life. Whole organism anatomy is the study of structure of the organism and their parts.

 Physiology: Physiology is the study of life. It helps to understand the basic mechanism or
functioning of the living being (Dahou & et. al., 2019). Physiology assists in recognising
the how the molecules works in cell in order to function the system of organs in living
body. It tells how the healthy and sick body works.
 Cellular processes: Metabolism, respiration, osmosis, diffusion are the various cellular
processes that happens on daily basis in human life for the survival. Photosynthesis is the
cellular process that everyday happens in plants to grow and survive.
Figure 3 Symptoms
Whole organism anatomy and Physiology are interlinked as organism anatomy is the
study of structure of organism and physiology is the study of functions of those parts of
organism. Together physiology and anatomy gives the idea and complete picture of how that
organism looks and how every part separately functions. Now, for the survival of these organism
there are molecules, cells and organs that functions together in a systematic format to breathe,
digest, circulate. Without knowing the basic anatomy or organism structure a one cannot
understand the physiology of that parts and without these two cellular processes are impossible

to happen and understandable (Beachey, 2017). Organism anatomy, cellular processes and
physiology are interlinked to each other for survival and future growth of the organism.
Interaction of these three elements is necessary in body for various chemical and biological
reaction for the movement in body. Without knowing the basic anatomy or organism structure a
one cannot understand the physiology of that parts and without these two cellular processes are
impossible to happen and understandable.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, from the preceding information it is being analysed that is the effective structure
of organisms and their suitable parts as it is the effective branch of natural science in terms of
dealing with the structural organisation of living things. It undertakes the living system which is
being defined from the several perspectives from the wide range of minutes as each factor leads
to offer information regarding the living system and suitable functions by undertaking the
cellular process which is the specialised bodies in terms of performing cellular functions by
considering nerve, bone and muscle cells.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Beachey, W. (2017). Respiratory care anatomy and physiology-e-book: foundations for clinical
practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Boore, J., Cook, N., & Shepherd, A. (2016). Essentials of anatomy and physiology for nursing
practice. Sage.
Coad, J., Pedley, K., & Dunstall, M. (2019). Anatomy and physiology for midwives e-book.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Dahou, A & et. al., (2019). Anatomy and physiology of the tricuspid valve. JACC:
Cardiovascular Imaging, 12(3), 458-468.
Reece, W. O., & Rowe, E. W. (2017). Functional anatomy and physiology of domestic animals.
John Wiley & Sons.
Scanlon, V. C., & Sanders, T. (2018). Essentials of anatomy and physiology. FA Davis.
Tortora, G. J., & Derrickson, B. H. (2018). Principles of anatomy and physiology. John Wiley &
Sons.