ACPE HSC3101: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Report

This report delves into Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a crucial medication for managing systolic heart failure. It begins with an introduction to ACE inhibitors, highlighting their function in broadening blood vessels to reduce blood pressure and improve blood flow. The report traces the history and development of ACE inhibitors, including their discovery and purpose as enzyme inhibitors. The pharmacology section details the mechanism of action, effectiveness, and side effects of ACE inhibitors, including their role in vasodilation and the inhibition of angiotensin II production. The report also covers the preceding actions of ACE inhibitors, such as expansion of arteries and veins. The conclusion summarizes the benefits of ACE inhibitors, such as improved regulation of signs and reduced hospital admissions, while acknowledging that they are not a cure. The report references relevant research to support the information presented.

Angiotensin-converting Enzyme
Name:
Institution:
Date:

Introduction
• Name: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors (Hackam, Thiruchelvam, & Redelmeier,
2016)
- are medications for people with systolic heart
failure.
- broadens blood vessels to
reduce blood pressure
improving the blood flow
lessen the amount of work done by the heart.

History and Development
• Development: ACE was recognized as the
enzyme in control of the transformation of
angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor element,
angiotensin II, in the mid-1950s.
• Where developed and by who: Researchers
from Royal College of Surgeons research
laboratories (Normand, Kaye, Povsic, and
Dickstein, 2019)
• Purpose: It is an enzyme inhibitor

Pharmacology
• ACE inhibitors
- Action mechanism: Initiates the vasodilation
by stopping the production of angiotensin II.
- catalyzes bradykinin (a vasodilator element).
- Effectiveness: Hinders the transformation of
angiotensin in the circulating plasma (Danilov
et al., 2018)
- Side Effects: Dry cough and Hypertension

Cont.…
• Preceding Actions;
- Expansion of arteries and veins
- Hindering angiotesin II making and stopping
bradykinin breakdown
- Lessening blood capacity, arterial pressure and
cardiac conversion.

Conclusion
• ACE inhibitors have helped patients have
improved regulation of signs, there are lesser
admittances to a hospital
• Resulting impact is perceived a 16% decrease
in annual deaths caused by heart failure
• ACE inhibitors added to the development in
approach; however, they have not delivered a
cure.

Reference
• Danilov, S. M., Tikhomirova, V. E., Kryukova, O. V., Balatsky, A. V.,
Bulaeva, N. I., Golukhova, E. Z.,& Kost, O. A. (2018).
Conformational fingerprint of blood and tissue ACEs: Personalized
approach. PLoS ONE, 13(12), 1–20.
• Hackam, D. G., Thiruchelvam, D., & Redelmeier, D. A. (2016).
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and aortic rupture: a
population-based case-control study. Lancet, 368(9536), 659–
665. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69250-7
• Normand, C., Kaye, D. M., Povsic, T. J., & Dickstein, K. (2019).
Beyond pharmacological treatment: an insight into therapies that
target specific aspects of heart failure
pathophysiology. Lancet, 393(10175), 1045–1055.