MEDN2001 Assignment: Task 1 - Angiotensin II Inhibitor Pharmacology

This report provides an overview of Angiotensin II inhibitors, specifically focusing on their mechanism of action, clinical indications, and potential adverse effects. The report details how these drugs, such as ramipril, function by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), thereby reducing the concentration of angiotensin II and lowering blood pressure. It discusses the drug class, its impact on blood vessels, and its role in treating hypertension, stroke, and kidney problems. The report also covers the dosage, adverse effects like dry cough and hyperkalemia, and potential drug interactions, including those with diuretics and potassium-increasing agents. Additionally, the report highlights contraindications, such as use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. References to relevant studies are included to support the information presented.

Running head: TASK 1
TASK 1
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

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TASK 1
Indication:
 This drug is used for treatment
of hypertension for lowering the
blood pressure
 It helps in the prevention of
stroke, heart attack, kidney
problems
 Medication should be taken by
mouth once or twice daily with
or without food (Wahba et al.
2015)
 Daily dosage should be 2.5-20
mg a day as a single dose or two
divided doses
Drug class:
 This medication belong to the
category of angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitor
 This category inhibits ACE and
this prevents action of the
angiotensin II activity
 angiotensin II participates in
contracting the muscles around
the blood vessels increasing the
pressure within the blood
vessels, this increases the blood
pressure (Soares et al. 2018)
 ACE inhibitors reduces the
concentration of the angiotensin
II, so blood vessels dilate and
blood pressure gets reduced
General mechanism
 The medication inhibit the
production of the angiotensin
converting enzyme

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TASK 1
 As a result, formation of
angiotensin II from that of
angiotensin I cannot take place
 Reduction in the concentration
of the angiotensin II results in
the relaxation of the arteriole
smooth muscle and this results
in reduction of the total
peripheral resistance
 This causes reduction in the
blood pressure as by then, the
blood is seen to flow through
the widened blood vessels
(Kretzschmar et al. 2018)
Adverse effects:
 Huge number of side effects
might be seen which are
shakiness, dry cough, fatigue,
dizziness, mouth dryness,
fainting, and nausea, signs of
infection, impotence and even
neutropenea.
 The drugs might be seen to
undergo interactions like that
with the diuretic therapy, with
drugs that increase serum
potassium levels in human
resulting in hyperkalemia; it
might also interact with other
agents who increase serum
potassium and it might also
cause lithium toxicity when
administered to patients having
lithium therapy (Simeoni et al.
2015)
 Patients who are taking
concomitant MTOD inhibitor
when administered with
ramipril may cause angioedema
 It should not be used for
patients who are pregnant as it
might harm the fetus, they are
also not recommended for
patients who are breastfeeding

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TASK 1
References:
Kretzschmar, G., OEHME, J. and
Rossen, K., Sanofi-Aventis
Deutschland GmbH, 2018. Process
for the preparation of ramipril.
U.S. Patent Application
10/112,973.
Simeoni, M., Cianfrone, P., Comi,
N., Gentile, I., Fabiano, F.F.,
Piraina, V., Talarico, R., Lucisano,
G., Rivoli, L., Andreucci, M. and
Fuiano, L., 2015. Is it feasible to
improve the duration and the
efficiency of Ramipril anti-
proteinuric response?. Giornale
italiano di nefrologia: organo
ufficiale della Societa italiana di
nefrologia, 32(1).
Soares Sturzeneker, M.C., Bertolim
Precoma, D., Noronha, L.,
Olandoski, M., Uhlmann Wendling,
L., Jacomel, G.E. and Gama
Palone, A., 2018. P1870 Ramipril
significantly attenuates the
development of non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis in hyperlipidaemic
rabbits. European Heart
Journal, 39(suppl_1), pp.ehy565-
P1870.
Wahba, M.G.F., Messiha, B.A.S.
and Abo-Saif, A.A., 2015. Ramipril
and haloperidol as promising
approaches in managing
rheumatoid arthritis in
rats. European journal of
pharmacology, 765, pp.307-315.