University Project: Animal Cloning with Prototype Design Pattern

This project delves into the application of the prototype design pattern for animal cloning, employing UML diagrams to visually represent the system's structure and interactions. The project uses a case study involving cloning of cows and sheep, detailing their traits and the cloning process. It highlights the benefits of using UML diagrams for understanding and modeling complex systems, such as simplifying the coding process and providing a clear, graphical representation of the scenario. The project also discusses the use of MS Visio as a tool for creating UML diagrams, emphasizing its simplicity and ease of use. The document includes a detailed discussion of different UML diagram types, a case study, a UML diagram illustrating the cloning process, and a conclusion summarizing the project's findings and the effectiveness of the chosen design pattern and modeling techniques. The project demonstrates how the prototype design pattern can be effectively used to model object creation and modification, and how UML diagrams enhance understanding and communication of software designs.

Running head: ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
Animal Cloning using Prototype Design Pattern
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Discussion..................................................................................................................................2
Case Study..................................................................................................................................5
Diagram......................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7
Reference....................................................................................................................................8

2ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
Introduction
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a universally accepted modeling language. It is
mainly used for modeling system software working structure in a graphical manner. Apart
from modeling the software working structure, it is also used to depict the modeling structure
of any type of business process. It was first developed by a group of three people Ivar
Jacobin, Grady Booch and James Rumbaugh around 1994-95 at Rational Software (Min,
2016). In this paper, you will get to know about different types of UML diagrams and the
tools that can be used to draw them in depicting a scenario. In order to get a better grasp of
UML diagram modeling, a case study of cloning will be discussed and in the end, the same
case study will be used to draw the UML diagram.
Discussion
As mentioned above, UML is a language mainly used for modeling the application
software solutions, business process routes, and system task activities. A UML can be
modeled in fourteen different types. Usually, they are of two types behavioral and structural.
It (UML diagrams) can also be drawn using various types of UML drawing tools and using
online tools too. Few tools will be discussed in later sections.
A behavioral UML diagram describes the interaction between different objects within
a working system. Out of fourteen types of UML diagram, seven of them falls under
behavioral diagram (MARCON, ZEZULKA & BRADAC, 2018), and the UML models
falling under behavioral diagram are
 Activity Diagram – This type of UML diagram is used to indicate and denote the
workflow in multiples fragments of a working system.

3ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
 Sequence Diagram – With the help of a sequence diagram, one can understand the
interaction of the system (it can be within the same system, or maybe within multiple
systems or it can also be between a human-system interaction) in an ordered layout.
 Use Case Diagram – The Use Case Diagram portrays a lifelike design arrangement of
an actor and various system parts that need actor interaction.
 Interaction Overview Diagram – This type of UML diagram is mainly used to portray
the collection of interaction diagrams in a sequenced way.
 State Machine Diagram – The State Machine Diagrams are used to describe the object
behaviors that act in a different way than that of the state they (the objects) are at that
point in time.
 Communication Diagram – A Communication Diagram is very much similar to that
of the Sequence diagram mentioned above; the only difference is that in the
communication diagram, the objects are positioned in a free form manner other than
that, it focuses messages between the system like that of the sequence diagram
(Miyamoto, 2017).
 Timing Diagram – In UML, a timing diagram symbolizes the tasks done by the
objects of a system in between a specific timeframe.
Similarly, out of fourteen types of UML diagram, the remaining seven of them falls
under the sequential diagram (Bashir, Lee, Khan, Chang & Farid, 2016), and the UML
modeling diagram are
 Class Diagram – In UML, a class diagram is one of the basic and essential building
blocks for any type of object based modeling solution. In a working system, each
working part is a class in the class diagram. The tasks done by the system parts are the
operations in the class diagram and the handling parts or data are the attributes in the
class diagram. A class in the class diagram is typically divided into three sections;

4ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
The class name is mentioned in the top part, the attributes are given in the middle part
and the operations are mentioned in the bottom part of the class in the class diagram
(Stikkolorum, Ho-Quang & Chaudron, 2015).
 Object Diagram – An object diagram in UML is very much similar to that of the class
diagram. The only difference is that the relationship between the objects are shown by
making the use of real-life examples.
 Profile Diagram – It is comparatively a new type of UML diagram introduced in the
update of UML 2. It provides a universal allowance contrivance for altering the UML
diagram models for the specific selective type of platform.
 Component Diagram – It portrays the relationship of various components of a
software system in a structured way. This diagram is normally used to portray the
system interfaces in a complex software system.
 Package Diagram – A package diagram in UML illustrates all the various types of
dependencies between various packages within a system.
 Deployment Diagram – It shows the hardware required within a system and various
types of software that are present in it. It is so because, in many cases, it is necessary
to display the positioning and tasking process of a particular developed software
across several hardware based machineries (Torre, Labiche, Genero & Elaasar, 2018).
 Composite Structure Diagram – A Composite Structure Diagram is used to portray the
internal structure of a class.
These UML diagrams can be created using online tools like creately, lucidchart,
draw.io, and many more (Bower, 2015). However, there are also many Case Tools available
in the market and they help a designer/analyst to a great extent. The Case Tools can vary
from Gliffy, Lucidchsrt (also available offline), ArgoUML, Microsoft Visio (MS Visio) along
with many other tools (Agner, Lethbridge & Soares, 2019). In this paper, MS Visio will be

5ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
used to draw a UML diagram based on the prototype design pattern. MS Visio will be used
because it is simple and easy to understanding. Due to its simplicity, MS Visio is popular and
commonly used while making UML diagrams for any specific software. It supports multiple
operating system platforms like mac iOS, browsers, windows along with various virtual
machines. In many cases, reverse engineering is also available in selective versions. With the
proper portrayal of a UML diagram, one can reverse engineer various programming
languages like VSDM, C++, VSDX and C# (Yu & Xiong, 2018).
In the subsequent case study about prototype design pattern, you will get a clear
understanding of how the selected Case Tool (MS Visio) can be used to analyze and draw the
layout similar to that of prototype design pattern for the following cloning case study.
Case Study
Consider a prototype system for cloning animals. The prototype is cloning two types
of animals take cow and sheep as an example. Both the animals have various types of traits
like specific hair color, hair length, height, age, tail, and weight. A cow has its specific level
of aggressiveness, stubbornness and intelligence. On the other hand, a sheep also has its
specific level of aggressiveness, stubbornness, intelligence and a considerable extra trait, hair
length. Use the cloning method to clone and populate the farm, change a cow property, shear
a sheep and finally clone it.
The following UML diagram can be drawn using MS Visio as per the above case
study using the prototype design pattern (Object Oriented Design, 2020).

6ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
Diagram
Fig 1: Prototype Design pattern using Animal Cloning Case Study
In the above Fig 1 diagram, on visually seeing the diagram without any idea of the
case study, one can conclude that the farm has animals. The animals are of two types, Cow
and sheep. They both have similar traits like age, hair color, hair length, height, tail and
weight. However, Cow has specifically some traits specific to itself; similarly, sheep also
have specifically some traits specific to itself. Initially, sheep and cow samples are taken. On
taking the samples, they are cloned to increase the population of the farm. Afterward, cow
property is changed by accessing the cow class. In the end, the sheep is serenaded and cloned
again.
As you can see that from the above diagram explanation (based on prototype design
pattern) and case study, both are similar and matches each other. However, understanding the
scenario with the help of the UML diagram is much easier and faster than that of by reading
case study line by line. Understanding the interacting parts and coding a class based
programming for this simulation (if needed) is much easier with the help of a UML diagram

7ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
rather than directly coding from the case study itself. The diagram shows the full scenario in
small part by part basis. One part can be done at a time and finally compile the complete task
as a whole. In the end, from the main class (here it is Farm), all the classes can be accessed
by creating objects (instance of those particular classes) and calling the classes when those
class tasks are required to perform.
Conclusion
Conclusively, the created diagram will help in getting an idea about any case study in
a much easier way it is due to the graphical representation of the case study. The Case Tool
MS Visio was used to draw the UML diagram based on Animal Cloning Case Study. It (MS
Visio) was used due to its neatness and simplicity rather than using any other tools.
Depending on the case study scenario, choosing the correct UML design pattern is important.
The case study contained parts like cloning some of the class properties by copying them.
Hence, the Prototype Design Pattern was used to match the scenario properly. It will result in
ease of coding due to the structural layout system in the whole scenario.

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Reference
Agner, L. T., Lethbridge, T. C., & Soares, I. W. (2019). Student experience with software
modeling tools. Software & Systems Modeling, 18(5), 3025-3047.
Bashir, R. S., Lee, S. P., Khan, S. U. R., Chang, V., & Farid, S. (2016). UML models
consistency management: Guidelines for software quality manager. International
Journal of Information Management, 36(6), 883-899.
Bower, M. (2015). A typology of Web 2.0 learning technologies. Educause, feb, 8, 2015.
MARCON, P., ZEZULKA, F., & BRADAC, Z. (2018). Terminology of Industry 4.0.
FUNDAMENTAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS, 7.
Min, H. S. (2016). Traceability guideline for software requirements and UML design.
International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 26(01),
87-113.
Miyamoto, T. (2017). Synthesizing Pareto efficient intelligible state machines from
communication diagram. IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Information and Systems,
100(6), 1200-1209.
Object Oriented Design. (2020). Retrieved 15 February 2020, from
https://www.oodesign.com/prototype-pattern.html
Stikkolorum, D. R., Ho-Quang, T., & Chaudron, M. R. (2015, August). Revealing students'
uml class diagram modelling strategies with webuml and logviz. In 2015 41st
Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (pp. 275-
279). IEEE.

9ANIMAL CLONING USING PROTOTYPE DESIGN PATTERN
Torre, D., Labiche, Y., Genero, M., & Elaasar, M. (2018). A systematic identification of
consistency rules for UML diagrams. Journal of Systems and Software, 144, 121-142.
Yu, Z., & Xiong, Z. (2018, September). Comparative analyses for the performance of
Rational Rose and Visio in software engineering teaching. In Journal of Physics:
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