Animal Testing's Place in Medical Research: Benefits and Ethics

This report delves into the ongoing debate surrounding animal testing in medical research. It explores the purpose of animal testing, highlighting its significance in understanding human biology and developing new medications, including the use of various animal models. The report emphasizes the mandatory criteria scientists must follow, such as the 3Rs (Replace, Reduce, Refine) to minimize harm to animals, and the ethical norms that must be considered. It outlines the benefits of animal testing, such as its contribution to advancements like antibiotics and vaccines, and the positive associations of animal models in developing treatments for diseases. The report concludes that animal testing remains crucial for drug safety assessments and the development of effective treatments, while also acknowledging the importance of ethical considerations and the continuous search for alternative methods.

Does Animal Testing Still Have A
Place In Medical Research

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Purpose of animal testing............................................................................................................4
Mandatory criterion of scientist to use animals for testing in medical ressaerch.......................4
Benefits of animals testing in medical research..........................................................................5
Positive associated of animal models and its necessity..............................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Animal use in medical research refers to an investigation of new medication on animals
to understand its effects and side effects. As mentioned by Barber (2018), it includes to evaluate
the possibility and utilisation of particular medicine in regards to solve specific health problems.
Animals were used in medical research because many of disease occurred are same in animals
and human beings. However, it includes the utilisation of those animals who belongs to same
class of human beings that is Mammalia. The present report is based on he topic that 'Does
animal testing still have a place in medical research' to understand aspects about it.
MAIN BODY
“Does animal testing still have a place in medical research?”
The utilisation of animals in medical research is still present because they plays an
important role to analyse new vaccinations regarding various health problem of human beings. It
includes the fact that various animals from a fruit fly to the mouse are widely preferred by
scientists to utilise in medical investigation. Mogil and Macleod (2017) states that it includes
different animals like mice, pigs, frog, cats and primates in respect of testing new mediations or

clinical practices to evaluate their effectiveness regarding specific disease. Meanwhile, it is
observed that many of disease are same in human beings and animals due to which an animal is
used to test for ensuring effects of new medications. Moreover, it has been proved by past
discoveries of vaccinations by conducted testing on animals which includes Dog that was used to
invest insulin which is helpful to treat the problem of diabetes. In addition to this, Monkey was
used to investigate about Polio vaccine and its invention to solve problem of polio disease in
humans.
Moreover, pigs were used to study the effective treatment of skin grafts which works like
a nectar for burn victims. This animal was also utilised in order to invent the Computer assisted
tomography (CAT) scans by conducting an appropriate research. As per views of Kohler (2018),
this technological support system is significant for care professionals to determine minor and
internal causes of specific health problems in human beings for treating the same properly.
Moreover, rabbit was used conduct testing in regards to invention of corneal transplants which is
favourable for corneal blind people to overcome with their blindness and enjoy beauty of the
world. Rat was used to develop carcinogen screening to treat problem of cancer whereas mouse
was utilised to invent rabies vaccine to improve health status of an individual. It is observed that
mostly mouse is preferred to conduct medical researches because it has less pair of chromosomes
and similar features with human beings.
In context of modern progressive science and medical research, animal testing is
mandatory because it is known as a legal part of drug testing. According to Rothman (2017), it
has been identified that testing of animals are utilised always by medical investigators alongside
other kinds of researches. However, these studies includes computer modelling, human clinical
trials and cell cultures to gain desired findings accordingly. Meanwhile, utilisation of animals in
medical study can be consider as a crucial part of science which facilitate to increase capabilities
of scientistists. Moreover, it will make them capable to understand about effective ways of
functioning in order to progress in leaps as well as bounds.
Purpose of animal testing
In other words, it has been analysed that scientist are still working on animals for
conducting medical investigation to apply new effective treatments. As per opinion of McMullen
(2016), it includes the criterion of selecting animals for research as they are crucial for permitting
scientists to learn more about human biology, health and for developing new medications.

However, medical research is not only focussed on human health but also consider to invent
effective vaccinations in order to improve animal health. It has been analysed that there are
various infections occurs which create complications for humans as well as animals. By
considering this situation, scientists use animals for carrying out number of testing on them in
terms of understanding about effective medications and treatment for them. It includes invent
advance and effective treatment procedures for boosting up health status of humans beings as
well as animals.
Mandatory criterion of scientist to use animals for testing in medical ressaerch
Currently, scientists are used animals and animal models in order to study about
particular health problem for inventing vaccinations. As mentioned by Perera-WA (2016), it
includes the criterion of following certain principles like 3Rs by scientist which is mandatory in
respect of reducing harm to animals regarding such investigations which are mentioned here.
Initially, Replace indicates to attempt replacing if possible in experiments using animals through
methods including cell culture, computer modelling or human volunteers instead of animals.
Secondly, Reduce can be described as a procedure of decreasing the various utilised animals with
the help of improved experimental techniques along with sharing data with another investigators.
It is helpful to use the information for similar experiments are not being conduct by many
people. Thirdly, Refine refers to refining the way of providing care for animals in regards to
reduce any kind of pain or stress via utilisation of less invasive methods where possible along
with improving living circumstances and medical care.
On the other hand, ethical norms related to use of animals in medical research for testing
is mandatory to be considered by scientists properly. Brody (2016) states that it includes to select
desired animals by thoroughly identifying specific features and requirements related to particular
study. However, it is necessary to to follow standards of Australian code for the care and use of
animals for scientific purposes. It is necessary to take approval from authorised institution of
country before carrying out investigation. Medical investigators must conduct animal testing and
experiments with extreme care to remove and reduce suffering. It is mandatory to use
anaesthetics and pain killers for managing pain in the similar manner it is when an animal visits a
vet. However, it is observed that far fewer animals are used in scientific study than are killed for
human beings to eat in their meals.

Benefits of animals testing in medical research
In other words, the it has been analysed that animals testing has various benefits in
context of medical research if experiment are properly conducted. According to the views of
South (2017), it includes the preparation of animal models which are beneficial which helps to
scientists to enhance their knowledge level about disease of animals and human beings by
studying these models. Meanwhile, experiments of animals are helpful to develop antibiotics,
insulin, vaccines, organ transplantation and HIV treatment. Animals researches has contributed
to around 70 % of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. These animals testing plays a small
but vital role in case of developing hope to many patients with conditions of heart failure, cancer
and Alzheimer's disease.
Positive associated of animal models and its necessity
Animal testing is still present and used by scientists because it is essential for making the
able to develop new treatment and drugs for solving different diseases. As mentioned by Taylor
and Alvarez (2019), it involves to make investigators more knowledgeable because these
experiments dramatically boost up their understanding of human health and biology. Meanwhile,
the creation of animal models is favourable to make sure about effectiveness and safety of
specific fresh treatment process that can be implemented on patients for their well-being. In other
words, it has been evaluated that alternative methods of testing in study do not stimulate humans
and their entire systems in body in that similar manner and they are not as reliable too. Animals
models and testing plays a significant role to increase understanding and invent more advanced
treatment and drugs for well-being of human beings.
It has been identified that few of problem like cystic fibrosis or asthma involve
complicated physiological process then entire living animal is required to conduct study. As per
opinion provided by Williams (2016), it needs animal testing compulsorily to thoroughly
analyse about physiology and develop effective treatments. However, it is legally required to
conduct drug testing only on animals for safety reasons before applying them on humans. It is
necessary to have a clear scientific reason to carry to investigation of animals when other
alternative methods are not applicable. Moreover, it is essential to conduct animal testing
currently because it is helpful to make sure about relevant risks of specific drug that can be
determined to reducing it before tested in human beings at the tie of conducting clinical trials.

CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been analysed that animal testing plays an important role to
enhance understand and knowledge level of scientists. It is favourable to analyse effects of
specific drugs in regards to evaluate its effectiveness before implementing the same on human
beings. However, it helps to identify risk associated with new invented medication and treatment
techniques to remove them before applying on humans. Moreover, it includes the criterion of
following ethics and legal rules in order to remove harm to animals while conducting
experiments. Additionally, they must use 3Rs like replace, reduce and refine which is helpful to
decrease harm to animals used for testing in current medical research.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Barber, B., 2018. Research on human subjects: Problems of social control in medical
experimentation. Routledge.Kramer, L.A. and Greek, R., 2018. Human stakeholders
and the use of animals in drug development. Business and Society Review, 123(1), pp.3-
58.
Brody, B.A., 2016. 38 Defending Animal Research. The Animal Ethics Reader, p.330.
Kohler, W., 2018. The mentality of apes. Routledge.
McMullen, S., 2016. Animal Experimentation. In Animals and the Economy (pp. 123-140).
Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Mogil, J.S. and Macleod, M.R., 2017. No publication without confirmation. Nature
News, 542(7642), p.409.
Perera-WA, H., 2016. The Importance of Animal Research in Cognitive Neuroscience. Available
at SSRN 2868619.
Rothman, D.J., 2017. Strangers at the bedside: a history of how law and bioethics transformed
medical decision making. Routledge.
South, N., 2017. bio-piracy and the development of green criminology. Transnational
Environmental Crime, p.341.
Taylor, K. and Alvarez, L.R., 2019. Regulatory drivers in the last 20 years towards the use of in
silico techniques as replacements to animal testing for cosmetic-related
substances. Computational Toxicology, p.100112.
Williams, K., 2016. Technology Brings Change to Toxicity Testing: Animal rights are at the
forefront [Amperes: Current Affairs from Around the World]. IEEE Women in
Engineering Magazine, 10(2), pp.10-16.