Annotated Bibliography: Heart Failure Management in Clinical Practice

This annotated bibliography, prepared for a nursing assignment, focuses on the management of heart failure. It begins with an introduction to the case study of an elderly patient experiencing heart failure, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice in clinical decision-making. The bibliography includes three selected research articles, each summarized to highlight their relevance to the patient's condition. The first article explores the risk factors for hospitalization in long-term care residents with heart failure, emphasizing the impact of living arrangements and social interaction. The second article reviews educational interventions for improving self-care behaviors in heart failure patients, discussing various training methods. The third article provides clinical guidelines for heart failure management, covering symptoms, treatment, and pharmacological interventions. The justification section explains the rationale for selecting these articles, connecting each to the patient's specific needs and circumstances. Recommendations are then provided, including nutritional interventions, breathing exercises, and the use of bronchodilators to improve the patient's condition. The assignment concludes with a comprehensive list of references used throughout the study, offering a valuable resource for further exploration of the topic.

Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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PART 1: Annotated Bibliography
Kadu, M., Heckman, G. A., Stolee, P., & Perlman, C. (2019). Risk of Hospitalization in
Long-Term Care Residents Living with Heart Failure: a Retrospective Cohort Study.
Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 22(4), 171-18
In the study of Kadu et al. (2016) the researchers used a retrospective cohort study
design in order to evaluate the risk of hospitalization among the patients with heart failures
living in a long term care. In this study, the researchers conducted the study in a long term
care located in Ontario, Canada in between 2011 to 2013. In this study the authors used
multivariate logistic regression models along with generalized estimating equations to
conclude the factors associated with the hospitalization among the people suffering from
heart failure. The study result showed that the entry to the long term care from the hospital
care setting was the most predominant factor associated with the hospitalization in future
along with an odd ratio of 8.1 (OR: 8.1, 95% CI: 7.1–9.3). Moreover, living alone was
reported to be another crucial risk factor for the readmission and this factor enhanced the
chances of hospitalization by 1.35 times. Furthermore, social interaction can reduce the
chances of hospitalization by 1.56 times. Another factor that can enhance the rate of
hospitalization among the patients of heart failure is the visit to the physicians within last 14
days. Therefore, the study concluded that the health instability and transfer to LTC from
hospital care setting will increase the chances of hospital readmission.
Salahodinkolah, M. K., Ganji, J., Moghadam, S. H., Shafipour, V., Jafari, H., & Salari,
S. (2020). Educational intervention for improving self-care behaviors in patients with
heart failure: A narrative review. Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences, 7(1), 60-68.
In the study of Salahdinkolah et al. (2020) a narrative literature review was performed
by the researchers. The main aim of this study was to review the educational interventions for

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the improvement of the self-care practices among the patients suffering from the issue of
heart failure. In this systematic review study the researchers used various online databases
such as Cochrane, Web of science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID,
IranMedex, Scopus, ProQuest, Springer and Magiran from 2000 to 2018. All the articles
published in English and Persian and contained educational interventions were included in
the study. However, studies only had abstract were excluded from the final review. After
sorting 340 articles from the databases, only 72 articles were selected for the final review.
The educational interventions were classified into four categories and they were mainly face-
to-face teach-back training, group training, e-learning and home visitation by follow-up
phone call. The study result showed that the above mentioned educational interventions can
improve the self-care behaviours among the patients suffering from the heart failure.
Furthermore the study result stated that the improvement of the self-care behaviours can help
the conditions of the patients. Therefore, it is recommended that to use face to face interview,
home visits, group training and e-learning to enhance the self-care behaviours in the patients
suffering from heart failure.
Atherton, J. J., Sindone, A., De Pasquale, C. G., Driscoll, A., MacDonald, P. S., Hopper,
I., ... & Thomas, L. (2018). National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society
of Australia and New Zealand: Australian clinical guidelines for the management of
heart failure 2018. Medical Journal of Australia, 209(8), 363-369.
In this study by Atherton et al. (2018), the detail of heart failure is discussed including
the symptoms, managing technique and pharmacological interventions of the disease
condition. In this study, heart failure is defined as the condition in which abnormality in the
in the heart regarding blood filling is reported and as a consequence of this the heart is unable
to eject enough blood to fulfil the needs of the body. In this article, two groups were
considered for forming the guidelines and in the working group, a broad mix of health

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professionals, comprising nurses, cardiologists (including an electrophysiologist), a clinical
pharmacologist and general physician, general practitioners, an exercise health, a user
representative and professional epidemiologist. In the reference group a member from the
stakeholder group, regional experts and potential organizations are included. The article
provide evidence based recommendation for the heart failure, management processes of heart
failure including pharmacological interventions, surgery procedures, comorbidities of the
heart failure are discussed. Therefore, the study also suggested referring the patients to the
palliative care who have advanced heart failure symptoms.
PART 2: Justification of Choice of Articles
From the case study of the patient, it is observed that the patient named John is a 80
year old overweight man and he arrived at the general practice clinic. From the initial
assessment, it is observed that the patient is breathless and along with this he has visible
peripheral oedema and tachycardia. In the year of 2018, John was diagnosed with chronic
heart failure due to hypertension and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, he also states
that he feels shortness of breath as well after that incident. Therefore, it can be stated from the
case study that John lives alone in his house and so self-care is very important for his
condition. In this regard, it can be reported that the chosen article mainly focuses on the self-
care interventions (1 article) and another article focuses on the factors that can predict the
hospitalization and as John lives alone it is very important to predict those factors. The third
article helps the patient to identify the symptoms of the heart failure and along with this, also
will help the health care professionals to manage the condition properly.
The first study of Kadu et al. (2016) used a cohort study method and thereby
considered a large number of sample size as the study participants. This large sample size of

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the study enhanced the reliability of the study. Moreover, the study findings can also be
applied for John. As the study stated that social engagement can improve the hospitalization
among the patients suffering from heart failure, hence the study result will be helpful for the
patient. Furthermore, it can be stated that the intervention of social engagement can improve
the condition of John. According to the study of Reeves et al. (2017) reported that social
engagement can improve the rate of hospitalization among the patients with the
cardiovascular disease. Moreover the study result reported about the improvement of the
quality of life of the patients. Another study of Meek et al. (2018) also supported that the fact
the issue of social engagement is beneficial in improving the chronic disease condition. As
John is suffering from the chronic condition, so it can be stated that it can be helpful for
John.
In the study of Salahdinkolah et al. (2020) the authors reported about the educational
interventions for improving the self-care behaviour and as John is living alone the self-care
practice is very crucial for John. So, this study can be considered relevant for John. The main
advantage of this study is associated with the fact the study considered a significant number
of articles for review and this wide variety of articles enhances the reliability of this
systematic review study. This effectiveness of the educational intervention was supported by
the study findings of Mohammadpour et al. (2015). In this research, the authors assessed
effect of supportive educational intervention on the self-care ability of the patients with
myocardial infarction. The study result showed that the intervention groups that received the
educational intervention program had better level of self-care efficacy than the control group
which did not receive any educational intervention programme during the study. Therefore,
it can be stated that the study findings of Salahdinkolah et al. (2020) that is application of
educational intervention for improving the self-care efficacy among patients with heart
failure can be applied during the care process of John. This previous study finding was also

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supported by the study result of Siabani et al. (2015). In this study the authors reported that
use of home based face to face education can improve the self-care practices among the
patients with chronic heart failure and it was reported that the self-care components
enhanced after education program.
In the study of Atherton et al. (2018) details perspective of heart failure was discussed
through forming a guideline for heart failure. The main advantage of this study is that the
viewpoints if the public were considered during forming the guidelines along with the health
care professionals. Along with this, appropriate governance processes were followed by the
researchers to ensure the transparency and to reduce the study bias. Moreover, this clinical
guideline on heart failure will also help the patient to identify any symptoms of heart failure
in future. Furthermore, early detection of the heart failure symptoms can also reduce the rate
of hospitalization and mortality rate as well. According to the findings of Albert (2016), it is
stated that enhancement of knowledge regarding the heart failure and its symptoms can
reduce the cases of rehospitalisation among the heart failure patients.
PART 3: Recommendation
While discussing about the recommendations for improving the condition of the
patient it can be stated that the as the patients is obese and having cardiovascular disease so
nutritional intervention can be recommended for the patient. According to the study of
Sackner-Bernstein, Kanter and Kaul (2015), it is stated that nutritional modifications that is
giving low carbohydrate and low fat diet can help in reducing the body weight of the
individuals and it also helps in improving the cardiovascular health of the patients as well.
For the breathing issue of the patients, breathing exercise can be recommended by the health
care professionals. In the study of de Souto Barreto et al. (2016), the importance of breathing
exercise and physical activity in improving the breathing issues was identified. Moreover, the

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health care professionals also can recommend bronchodilator to ease the process of breathing
of John. In this context, the study findings of Conway, Majeed and Easton (2015) can be
mentioned as this study stated that use of bronchodilator can improve the breathing problems
of the patients.

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References
Albert, N. M. (2016). A systematic review of transitional-care strategies to reduce
rehospitalization in patients with heart failure. Heart & Lung, 45(2), 100-113.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147956315003490
Atherton, J. J., Sindone, A., De Pasquale, C. G., Driscoll, A., MacDonald, P. S., Hopper, I., ...
& Thomas, L. (2018). National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of
Australia and New Zealand: Australian clinical guidelines for the management of heart
failure 2018. Medical Journal of Australia, 209(8), 363-369.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.5694/mja18.00647
Conway, F., Majeed, A., & Easton, G. (2015). Diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 351, h6171.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26523583
de Souto Barreto, P., Morley, J. E., Chodzko-Zajko, W., Pitkala, K. H., Weening-
Djiksterhuis, E., Rodriguez-Manas, L., ... & Izquierdo, M. (2016). Recommendations on
physical activity and exercise for older adults living in long-term care facilities: a
taskforce report. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(5), 381-392.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1525861016000591
Kadu, M., Heckman, G. A., Stolee, P., & Perlman, C. (2019). Risk of Hospitalization in
Long-Term Care Residents Living with Heart Failure: a Retrospective Cohort Study.
Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 22(4), 171-181. https://doi.org/10.5770/cgj.22.366
Meek, K. P., Bergeron, C. D., Towne, S. D., Ahn, S., Ory, M. G., & Smith, M. L. (2018).
Restricted social engagement among adults living with chronic conditions. International

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journal of environmental research and public health, 15(1), 158.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/15/1/158
Mohammadpour, A., Rahmati Sharghi, N., Khosravan, S., Alami, A., & Akhond, M. (2015).
The effect of a supportive educational intervention developed based on the Orem's self‐
care theory on the self‐care ability of patients with myocardial infarction: A randomised
controlled trial. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(11-12), 1686-1692.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jocn.12775
Reeves, G. R., Whellan, D. J., Duncan, P., O'Connor, C. M., Pastva, A. M., Eggebeen, J.
D., ... & Mentz, R. J. (2017). Rehabilitation therapy in older acute heart failure patients
(REHAB-HF) trial: design and rationale. American heart journal, 185, 130-139.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002870316302939
Sackner-Bernstein, J., Kanter, D., & Kaul, S. (2015). Dietary intervention for overweight and
obese adults: comparison of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets. A meta-analysis. PloS
one, 10(10), e0139817.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article%3Fid%3D10.1371/journal.pone.0139817
Salahodinkolah, M. K., Ganji, J., Moghadam, S. H., Shafipour, V., Jafari, H., & Salari, S.
(2020). Educational intervention for improving self-care behaviors in patients with heart
failure: A narrative review. Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Sciences, 7(1), 60-68.
https://doi.org/10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_19_19
Siabani, S., Driscoll, T., Davidson, P. M., & Leeder, S. R. (2016). Efficacy of a home-based
educational strategy involving community health volunteers in improving self-care in
patients with chronic heart failure in western Iran: A randomized controlled

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trial. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 15(5), 363-371.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1474515115585651

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