Cultural Anthropology: Annotated Bibliography on Colonialism in Canada

This annotated bibliography examines the impact of colonialism and racial oppression on the First Nations people of Canada. It analyzes two key articles: one by Woolford and Benvenuto, which explores the concept of settler colonialism and its genocidal impact, particularly focusing on residential schools and the removal of Indigenous children. The article highlights the poor conditions of education and health experienced by First Nations communities. The second article, by Denis, focuses on the reproduction of laissez-faire racism and the complex racial structures within Canadian society, discussing intergroup relations, racial prejudices, and discrimination against Métis people. Both articles provide crucial insights into the historical and ongoing effects of colonialism on Indigenous communities, offering valuable information for further research and understanding the challenges faced by First Nations people.

Running head: CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Cultural Anthropology
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Research question: How has the concept of colonialism and racial oppression done harm to the
daily lives of the First Nations people of different regions in Canada?
Woolford, Andrew, and Jeff Benvenuto. "Canada and colonial genocide." (2015): 373-390.
The above article has been written by Andrew Woolford and Jeff Benvenuto. The article
had been published in the year 2015.1 In this article, tha author has done thorough research on
various perspectives of settler colonialism that took place in Canada. The events of genocide had
also left an impeccable impact on the society.
People of the First Nations Canada or the aboriginals have gone through several bad
situations. The authors of this article have done thorough research on the practices of the
European colonizers. In the modern times, Canada might be considered as the melting pot of
multiculturalism. However, it was not so centuries ago. The author has used several secondary
sources and presented the views on genocide that took place in Canada on the aboriginal people.2
Many crucial insights have been provided by the authors while completing their research works.
They have reflected the actual reasons of the racial conflicts between colonizers and aboriginal
people.
The poor conditions of education and health have also been reflected through the works
of these two eminent authors. It has been presented in their research that children from Inuit and
Métis had been completely removed from their houses and taken under the colonizers. The social
1 Woolford, Andrew, and Jeff Benvenuto. "Canada and colonial genocide." (2015): 373-390.
2 Woolford, Andrew, and Jeff Benvenuto. "Canada and colonial genocide." (2015): 373-390.

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growth of these children was entirely prevented since they were not able to grow up with their
parents and families. The authors have examined the situations through surveys on the
aboriginals and they found out the residential schools to be the place of genocide. Therefore, this
article can be deemed as a very important document for revealing the real situations of the time.
Denis, Jeffrey S. "Contact theory in a small-town settler-colonial context: The reproduction of
laissez-faire racism in Indigenous-white Canadian relations." American Sociological
Review 80, no. 1 (2015): 218-242.
The author of this article is Jeffrey S. Denis. The article was published in the year 2015.3
The author of the article has discussed various issues that are quite relevant to the research
question in terms of this annotated bibliography. The impact of racism through colonial
oppression has been immense on the indigenous people of Canada.
The author of the article has used the group position theory to highlight his position
regarding the topic of the article. The racial structure in the society of Canada has been quite
complicated. The relationship between the settler-colonials has gone through many ups and
downs in the recent past. The sub categorization model has been introduced in this article to
focus on the intergroup contact.4 The nature of the settler-colonial relation in the northwestern
3 Denis, Jeffrey S. "Contact theory in a small-town settler-colonial context: The reproduction of laissez-faire racism
in Indigenous-white Canadian relations." American Sociological Review 80, no. 1 (2015): 218-242.
4 Denis, Jeffrey S. "Contact theory in a small-town settler-colonial context: The reproduction of laissez-faire racism
in Indigenous-white Canadian relations." American Sociological Review 80, no. 1 (2015): 218-242.

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part of Ontario has been discussed in the article by the author. Apart from that, the author has
focused on two distinctive effects in this context.
Jeffrey S. Denis has also mentioned about the friendship and intergroup marriage in this
scenario also. On the contrary, the racial prejudices were also very much present in the society
since discrimination was a very common fact. The categorical hostility had been observed on the
Métis people in many provinces of the country. The examples of ideology based homophily were
also recorded in this article. The racial oppressions were very much there and this gives the
article credibility since it has focused on numerous incidents from past Canadian experiences.
The information gathered from the article is quite helpful for future research.

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References
Denis, Jeffrey S. "Contact theory in a small-town settler-colonial context: The reproduction of
laissez-faire racism in Indigenous-white Canadian relations." American Sociological Review 80,
no. 1 (2015): 218-242.
Woolford, Andrew, and Jeff Benvenuto. "Canada and colonial genocide." (2015): 373-390.