University Cyber Security Annotated Bibliography for ITECH1001

This annotated bibliography explores the critical aspects of cyber security, focusing on its applications and challenges within smart grids and smart cities. The document presents summaries and evaluations of three key research papers. The first paper surveys cyber security concerns in smart grids, discussing secure communication, security requirements, and risk countermeasures. The second paper examines user preferences for cyber security awareness delivery methods, evaluating the effectiveness of various training approaches. The third paper addresses cyber security challenges in smart cities, highlighting safety, security, and privacy concerns arising from the interconnectedness of digital devices and human activities. The bibliography provides a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape, addressing vulnerabilities, threats, and mitigation strategies within these evolving technological domains. The references include works by Wang and Lu (2013), Abawajy (2014), and Elmaghraby and Losavio (2014), offering a foundation for understanding the complexities of cyber security in modern infrastructure.

Running head: CYBER SECURITY
Cyber Security
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note

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Wang, W. and Lu, Z., 2013. Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and
challenges. Computer networks, 57(5), pp.1344-1371.
Smart Grid is the power system of next generation, which is considered as the evolutionary and
revolutionary governance of the existing power grid. With the coordination of the
communication technologies and the advance computing system, the smart city enhances the
reliability and the efficiency of the future power grid using the resources of renewable energy,
demand responses and the distributed intelligence. With the smart grid, cyber security is growing
for being critical concern as the electronic devices are interconnected with various networks with
the various power facilities. It has an impact on the reliability of the wide infrastructure. This this
paper, the survey of the cyber security concerns for the Smart Grid is presented. This paper
focuses on the discussion and review of the secure communication, security requirements, and
countermeasures of risks, network vulnerabilities, and safe protocol for the Smart Grid. This
paper aims to provide the profound understanding of the security risks and mitigation techniques
in Smart Grid and it focuses on the future research for the security of the Smart Grid.
Abawajy, J., 2014. User preference of cyber security awareness delivery
methods. Behaviour & Information Technology, 33(3), pp.237-248.
The programs and the operating system are protected in today’s world. The hackers have the
intention to change the system to human elements for breaking the information system of any
organization. There are various frequencies of the cyber-attacks, which is designed for taking the
benefits of any uncertain personnel that is increasing, as the information security of human factor
is not possible to understand. For countering the cyber-attacks, which are designed to exploit the
information system security chain, awareness of information security with the objective for
minimizing the security risks of the information system. This paper evaluates and discusses

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about the impacts of the different security awareness of information system methods for
improving the security of end-user and the behavior. There are many delivery methods of
security awareness such as embedded training, web-based training and contextual training. There
are many efforts for increasing the security awareness of the information system and research is
there about the delivery methods of security awareness of information system. This paper
focuses on the most successful way that is delivery methods of information security awareness. It
provides the security mostly preferred by the users of the information system. The information
security awareness is conducted based on the video based, text based and game based delivery
methods. This paper proposed the combined delivery methods, which is better the individual
delivery methods of security awareness.
Elmaghraby, A.S. and Losavio, M.M., 2014. Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities:
Safety, security and privacy. Journal of advanced research, 5(4), pp.491-497.
The evolution of Smart Cities is emerging day by day. this is emerging from the innovation of
the information technology as the information technology build the new social and economic
opportunities and challenges for the security. Humans are connected with the smart gadgets and
the phones. The humans in many cities are using smart appliances, security devices and the
energy meters. Two entangled and important challenges are there such as privacy and security.
Security consists of the illegal access to the digital data and the attack cause physical breakdown
in service. As the digital humans are more instrumented with the available information about the
activities and the location, the privacy is disappearing. The system, which protects the privacy,
collects the information and trouble shoot the emergency responses when required with constant
security challenges. The implementation is very crucial in the Smart Cites. This is presented in

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the paper that the interaction among the human, objects and servers. These are key element in
Smart Cities and the interaction is needed to protect the security.

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References
Abawajy, J., 2014. User preference of cyber security awareness delivery methods. Behaviour &
Information Technology, 33(3), pp.237-248.
Elmaghraby, A.S. and Losavio, M.M., 2014. Cyber security challenges in Smart Cities: Safety,
security and privacy. Journal of advanced research, 5(4), pp.491-497.
Wang, W. and Lu, Z., 2013. Cyber security in the smart grid: Survey and challenges. Computer
networks, 57(5), pp.1344-1371.